Move LMDB and TPL libraries to submodules.

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[submodule "ext/lmdb"]
+    path = ext/lmdb
+    url = https://github.com/LMDB/lmdb.git
+    branch = stable
+[submodule "ext/tpl"]
+    path = ext/tpl
+    url = https://github.com/troydhanson/tpl.git
+    branch = stable

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 include README.rst
 include LICENSE
 include bin/*
-graft ext
+include ext/lmdb/libraries/liblmdb/lmdb.h
+include ext/lmdb/libraries/liblmdb/mdb.c
+include ext/lmdb/libraries/liblmdb/midl.c
+include ext/lmdb/libraries/liblmdb/midl.h
+include ext/tpl/src/tpl.c
+include ext/tpl/src/tpl.h
 graft lakesuperior/data/bootstrap
 graft lakesuperior/endpoints/templates
 graft lakesuperior/etc.defaults

ext/include/lmdb.h

@@ -1,1604 +0,0 @@
-/** @file lmdb.h
- *	@brief Lightning memory-mapped database library
- *
- *	@mainpage	Lightning Memory-Mapped Database Manager (LMDB)
- *
- *	@section intro_sec Introduction
- *	LMDB is a Btree-based database management library modeled loosely on the
- *	BerkeleyDB API, but much simplified. The entire database is exposed
- *	in a memory map, and all data fetches return data directly
- *	from the mapped memory, so no malloc's or memcpy's occur during
- *	data fetches. As such, the library is extremely simple because it
- *	requires no page caching layer of its own, and it is extremely high
- *	performance and memory-efficient. It is also fully transactional with
- *	full ACID semantics, and when the memory map is read-only, the
- *	database integrity cannot be corrupted by stray pointer writes from
- *	application code.
- *
- *	The library is fully thread-aware and supports concurrent read/write
- *	access from multiple processes and threads. Data pages use a copy-on-
- *	write strategy so no active data pages are ever overwritten, which
- *	also provides resistance to corruption and eliminates the need of any
- *	special recovery procedures after a system crash. Writes are fully
- *	serialized; only one write transaction may be active at a time, which
- *	guarantees that writers can never deadlock. The database structure is
- *	multi-versioned so readers run with no locks; writers cannot block
- *	readers, and readers don't block writers.
- *
- *	Unlike other well-known database mechanisms which use either write-ahead
- *	transaction logs or append-only data writes, LMDB requires no maintenance
- *	during operation. Both write-ahead loggers and append-only databases
- *	require periodic checkpointing and/or compaction of their log or database
- *	files otherwise they grow without bound. LMDB tracks free pages within
- *	the database and re-uses them for new write operations, so the database
- *	size does not grow without bound in normal use.
- *
- *	The memory map can be used as a read-only or read-write map. It is
- *	read-only by default as this provides total immunity to corruption.
- *	Using read-write mode offers much higher write performance, but adds
- *	the possibility for stray application writes thru pointers to silently
- *	corrupt the database. Of course if your application code is known to
- *	be bug-free (...) then this is not an issue.
- *
- *	If this is your first time using a transactional embedded key/value
- *	store, you may find the \ref starting page to be helpful.
- *
- *	@section caveats_sec Caveats
- *	Troubleshooting the lock file, plus semaphores on BSD systems:
- *
- *	- A broken lockfile can cause sync issues.
- *	  Stale reader transactions left behind by an aborted program
- *	  cause further writes to grow the database quickly, and
- *	  stale locks can block further operation.
- *
- *	  Fix: Check for stale readers periodically, using the
- *	  #mdb_reader_check function or the \ref mdb_stat_1 "mdb_stat" tool.
- *	  Stale writers will be cleared automatically on some systems:
- *	  - Windows - automatic
- *	  - Linux, systems using POSIX mutexes with Robust option - automatic
- *	  - not on BSD, systems using POSIX semaphores.
- *	  Otherwise just make all programs using the database close it;
- *	  the lockfile is always reset on first open of the environment.
- *
- *	- On BSD systems or others configured with MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM,
- *	  startup can fail due to semaphores owned by another userid.
- *
- *	  Fix: Open and close the database as the user which owns the
- *	  semaphores (likely last user) or as root, while no other
- *	  process is using the database.
- *
- *	Restrictions/caveats (in addition to those listed for some functions):
- *
- *	- Only the database owner should normally use the database on
- *	  BSD systems or when otherwise configured with MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM.
- *	  Multiple users can cause startup to fail later, as noted above.
- *
- *	- There is normally no pure read-only mode, since readers need write
- *	  access to locks and lock file. Exceptions: On read-only filesystems
- *	  or with the #MDB_NOLOCK flag described under #mdb_env_open().
- *
- *	- An LMDB configuration will often reserve considerable \b unused
- *	  memory address space and maybe file size for future growth.
- *	  This does not use actual memory or disk space, but users may need
- *	  to understand the difference so they won't be scared off.
- *
- *	- By default, in versions before 0.9.10, unused portions of the data
- *	  file might receive garbage data from memory freed by other code.
- *	  (This does not happen when using the #MDB_WRITEMAP flag.) As of
- *	  0.9.10 the default behavior is to initialize such memory before
- *	  writing to the data file. Since there may be a slight performance
- *	  cost due to this initialization, applications may disable it using
- *	  the #MDB_NOMEMINIT flag. Applications handling sensitive data
- *	  which must not be written should not use this flag. This flag is
- *	  irrelevant when using #MDB_WRITEMAP.
- *
- *	- A thread can only use one transaction at a time, plus any child
- *	  transactions.  Each transaction belongs to one thread.  See below.
- *	  The #MDB_NOTLS flag changes this for read-only transactions.
- *
- *	- Use an MDB_env* in the process which opened it, not after fork().
- *
- *	- Do not have open an LMDB database twice in the same process at
- *	  the same time.  Not even from a plain open() call - close()ing it
- *	  breaks fcntl() advisory locking.  (It is OK to reopen it after
- *	  fork() - exec*(), since the lockfile has FD_CLOEXEC set.)
- *
- *	- Avoid long-lived transactions.  Read transactions prevent
- *	  reuse of pages freed by newer write transactions, thus the
- *	  database can grow quickly.  Write transactions prevent
- *	  other write transactions, since writes are serialized.
- *
- *	- Avoid suspending a process with active transactions.  These
- *	  would then be "long-lived" as above.  Also read transactions
- *	  suspended when writers commit could sometimes see wrong data.
- *
- *	...when several processes can use a database concurrently:
- *
- *	- Avoid aborting a process with an active transaction.
- *	  The transaction becomes "long-lived" as above until a check
- *	  for stale readers is performed or the lockfile is reset,
- *	  since the process may not remove it from the lockfile.
- *
- *	  This does not apply to write transactions if the system clears
- *	  stale writers, see above.
- *
- *	- If you do that anyway, do a periodic check for stale readers. Or
- *	  close the environment once in a while, so the lockfile can get reset.
- *
- *	- Do not use LMDB databases on remote filesystems, even between
- *	  processes on the same host.  This breaks flock() on some OSes,
- *	  possibly memory map sync, and certainly sync between programs
- *	  on different hosts.
- *
- *	- Opening a database can fail if another process is opening or
- *	  closing it at exactly the same time.
- *
- *	@author	Howard Chu, Symas Corporation.
- *
- *	@copyright Copyright 2011-2018 Howard Chu, Symas Corp. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
- * Public License.
- *
- * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
- * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
- * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
- *
- *	@par Derived From:
- * This code is derived from btree.c written by Martin Hedenfalk.
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Martin Hedenfalk <martin@bzero.se>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-#ifndef _LMDB_H_
-#define _LMDB_H_
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-/** Unix permissions for creating files, or dummy definition for Windows */
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-typedef	int	mdb_mode_t;
-#else
-typedef	mode_t	mdb_mode_t;
-#endif
-
-/** An abstraction for a file handle.
- *	On POSIX systems file handles are small integers. On Windows
- *	they're opaque pointers.
- */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-typedef	void *mdb_filehandle_t;
-#else
-typedef int mdb_filehandle_t;
-#endif
-
-/** @defgroup mdb LMDB API
- *	@{
- *	@brief OpenLDAP Lightning Memory-Mapped Database Manager
- */
-/** @defgroup Version Version Macros
- *	@{
- */
-/** Library major version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_MAJOR	0
-/** Library minor version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_MINOR	9
-/** Library patch version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_PATCH	22
-
-/** Combine args a,b,c into a single integer for easy version comparisons */
-#define MDB_VERINT(a,b,c)	(((a) << 24) | ((b) << 16) | (c))
-
-/** The full library version as a single integer */
-#define MDB_VERSION_FULL	\
-	MDB_VERINT(MDB_VERSION_MAJOR,MDB_VERSION_MINOR,MDB_VERSION_PATCH)
-
-/** The release date of this library version */
-#define MDB_VERSION_DATE	"March 21, 2018"
-
-/** A stringifier for the version info */
-#define MDB_VERSTR(a,b,c,d)	"LMDB " #a "." #b "." #c ": (" d ")"
-
-/** A helper for the stringifier macro */
-#define MDB_VERFOO(a,b,c,d)	MDB_VERSTR(a,b,c,d)
-
-/** The full library version as a C string */
-#define	MDB_VERSION_STRING	\
-	MDB_VERFOO(MDB_VERSION_MAJOR,MDB_VERSION_MINOR,MDB_VERSION_PATCH,MDB_VERSION_DATE)
-/**	@} */
-
-/** @brief Opaque structure for a database environment.
- *
- * A DB environment supports multiple databases, all residing in the same
- * shared-memory map.
- */
-typedef struct MDB_env MDB_env;
-
-/** @brief Opaque structure for a transaction handle.
- *
- * All database operations require a transaction handle. Transactions may be
- * read-only or read-write.
- */
-typedef struct MDB_txn MDB_txn;
-
-/** @brief A handle for an individual database in the DB environment. */
-typedef unsigned int	MDB_dbi;
-
-/** @brief Opaque structure for navigating through a database */
-typedef struct MDB_cursor MDB_cursor;
-
-/** @brief Generic structure used for passing keys and data in and out
- * of the database.
- *
- * Values returned from the database are valid only until a subsequent
- * update operation, or the end of the transaction. Do not modify or
- * free them, they commonly point into the database itself.
- *
- * Key sizes must be between 1 and #mdb_env_get_maxkeysize() inclusive.
- * The same applies to data sizes in databases with the #MDB_DUPSORT flag.
- * Other data items can in theory be from 0 to 0xffffffff bytes long.
- */
-typedef struct MDB_val {
-	size_t		 mv_size;	/**< size of the data item */
-	void		*mv_data;	/**< address of the data item */
-} MDB_val;
-
-/** @brief A callback function used to compare two keys in a database */
-typedef int  (MDB_cmp_func)(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b);
-
-/** @brief A callback function used to relocate a position-dependent data item
- * in a fixed-address database.
- *
- * The \b newptr gives the item's desired address in
- * the memory map, and \b oldptr gives its previous address. The item's actual
- * data resides at the address in \b item.  This callback is expected to walk
- * through the fields of the record in \b item and modify any
- * values based at the \b oldptr address to be relative to the \b newptr address.
- * @param[in,out] item The item that is to be relocated.
- * @param[in] oldptr The previous address.
- * @param[in] newptr The new address to relocate to.
- * @param[in] relctx An application-provided context, set by #mdb_set_relctx().
- * @todo This feature is currently unimplemented.
- */
-typedef void (MDB_rel_func)(MDB_val *item, void *oldptr, void *newptr, void *relctx);
-
-/** @defgroup	mdb_env	Environment Flags
- *	@{
- */
-	/** mmap at a fixed address (experimental) */
-#define MDB_FIXEDMAP	0x01
-	/** no environment directory */
-#define MDB_NOSUBDIR	0x4000
-	/** don't fsync after commit */
-#define MDB_NOSYNC		0x10000
-	/** read only */
-#define MDB_RDONLY		0x20000
-	/** don't fsync metapage after commit */
-#define MDB_NOMETASYNC		0x40000
-	/** use writable mmap */
-#define MDB_WRITEMAP		0x80000
-	/** use asynchronous msync when #MDB_WRITEMAP is used */
-#define MDB_MAPASYNC		0x100000
-	/** tie reader locktable slots to #MDB_txn objects instead of to threads */
-#define MDB_NOTLS		0x200000
-	/** don't do any locking, caller must manage their own locks */
-#define MDB_NOLOCK		0x400000
-	/** don't do readahead (no effect on Windows) */
-#define MDB_NORDAHEAD	0x800000
-	/** don't initialize malloc'd memory before writing to datafile */
-#define MDB_NOMEMINIT	0x1000000
-/** @} */
-
-/**	@defgroup	mdb_dbi_open	Database Flags
- *	@{
- */
-	/** use reverse string keys */
-#define MDB_REVERSEKEY	0x02
-	/** use sorted duplicates */
-#define MDB_DUPSORT		0x04
-	/** numeric keys in native byte order: either unsigned int or size_t.
-	 *  The keys must all be of the same size. */
-#define MDB_INTEGERKEY	0x08
-	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, sorted dup items have fixed size */
-#define MDB_DUPFIXED	0x10
-	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, dups are #MDB_INTEGERKEY-style integers */
-#define MDB_INTEGERDUP	0x20
-	/** with #MDB_DUPSORT, use reverse string dups */
-#define MDB_REVERSEDUP	0x40
-	/** create DB if not already existing */
-#define MDB_CREATE		0x40000
-/** @} */
-
-/**	@defgroup mdb_put	Write Flags
- *	@{
- */
-/** For put: Don't write if the key already exists. */
-#define MDB_NOOVERWRITE	0x10
-/** Only for #MDB_DUPSORT<br>
- * For put: don't write if the key and data pair already exist.<br>
- * For mdb_cursor_del: remove all duplicate data items.
- */
-#define MDB_NODUPDATA	0x20
-/** For mdb_cursor_put: overwrite the current key/data pair */
-#define MDB_CURRENT	0x40
-/** For put: Just reserve space for data, don't copy it. Return a
- * pointer to the reserved space.
- */
-#define MDB_RESERVE	0x10000
-/** Data is being appended, don't split full pages. */
-#define MDB_APPEND	0x20000
-/** Duplicate data is being appended, don't split full pages. */
-#define MDB_APPENDDUP	0x40000
-/** Store multiple data items in one call. Only for #MDB_DUPFIXED. */
-#define MDB_MULTIPLE	0x80000
-/*	@} */
-
-/**	@defgroup mdb_copy	Copy Flags
- *	@{
- */
-/** Compacting copy: Omit free space from copy, and renumber all
- * pages sequentially.
- */
-#define MDB_CP_COMPACT	0x01
-/*	@} */
-
-/** @brief Cursor Get operations.
- *
- *	This is the set of all operations for retrieving data
- *	using a cursor.
- */
-typedef enum MDB_cursor_op {
-	MDB_FIRST,				/**< Position at first key/data item */
-	MDB_FIRST_DUP,			/**< Position at first data item of current key.
-								Only for #MDB_DUPSORT */
-	MDB_GET_BOTH,			/**< Position at key/data pair. Only for #MDB_DUPSORT */
-	MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE,		/**< position at key, nearest data. Only for #MDB_DUPSORT */
-	MDB_GET_CURRENT,		/**< Return key/data at current cursor position */
-	MDB_GET_MULTIPLE,		/**< Return key and up to a page of duplicate data items
-								from current cursor position. Move cursor to prepare
-								for #MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE. Only for #MDB_DUPFIXED */
-	MDB_LAST,				/**< Position at last key/data item */
-	MDB_LAST_DUP,			/**< Position at last data item of current key.
-								Only for #MDB_DUPSORT */
-	MDB_NEXT,				/**< Position at next data item */
-	MDB_NEXT_DUP,			/**< Position at next data item of current key.
-								Only for #MDB_DUPSORT */
-	MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE,		/**< Return key and up to a page of duplicate data items
-								from next cursor position. Move cursor to prepare
-								for #MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE. Only for #MDB_DUPFIXED */
-	MDB_NEXT_NODUP,			/**< Position at first data item of next key */
-	MDB_PREV,				/**< Position at previous data item */
-	MDB_PREV_DUP,			/**< Position at previous data item of current key.
-								Only for #MDB_DUPSORT */
-	MDB_PREV_NODUP,			/**< Position at last data item of previous key */
-	MDB_SET,				/**< Position at specified key */
-	MDB_SET_KEY,			/**< Position at specified key, return key + data */
-	MDB_SET_RANGE,			/**< Position at first key greater than or equal to specified key. */
-	MDB_PREV_MULTIPLE		/**< Position at previous page and return key and up to
-								a page of duplicate data items. Only for #MDB_DUPFIXED */
-} MDB_cursor_op;
-
-/** @defgroup  errors	Return Codes
- *
- *	BerkeleyDB uses -30800 to -30999, we'll go under them
- *	@{
- */
-	/**	Successful result */
-#define MDB_SUCCESS	 0
-	/** key/data pair already exists */
-#define MDB_KEYEXIST	(-30799)
-	/** key/data pair not found (EOF) */
-#define MDB_NOTFOUND	(-30798)
-	/** Requested page not found - this usually indicates corruption */
-#define MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND	(-30797)
-	/** Located page was wrong type */
-#define MDB_CORRUPTED	(-30796)
-	/** Update of meta page failed or environment had fatal error */
-#define MDB_PANIC		(-30795)
-	/** Environment version mismatch */
-#define MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH	(-30794)
-	/** File is not a valid LMDB file */
-#define MDB_INVALID	(-30793)
-	/** Environment mapsize reached */
-#define MDB_MAP_FULL	(-30792)
-	/** Environment maxdbs reached */
-#define MDB_DBS_FULL	(-30791)
-	/** Environment maxreaders reached */
-#define MDB_READERS_FULL	(-30790)
-	/** Too many TLS keys in use - Windows only */
-#define MDB_TLS_FULL	(-30789)
-	/** Txn has too many dirty pages */
-#define MDB_TXN_FULL	(-30788)
-	/** Cursor stack too deep - internal error */
-#define MDB_CURSOR_FULL	(-30787)
-	/** Page has not enough space - internal error */
-#define MDB_PAGE_FULL	(-30786)
-	/** Database contents grew beyond environment mapsize */
-#define MDB_MAP_RESIZED	(-30785)
-	/** Operation and DB incompatible, or DB type changed. This can mean:
-	 *	<ul>
-	 *	<li>The operation expects an #MDB_DUPSORT / #MDB_DUPFIXED database.
-	 *	<li>Opening a named DB when the unnamed DB has #MDB_DUPSORT / #MDB_INTEGERKEY.
-	 *	<li>Accessing a data record as a database, or vice versa.
-	 *	<li>The database was dropped and recreated with different flags.
-	 *	</ul>
-	 */
-#define MDB_INCOMPATIBLE	(-30784)
-	/** Invalid reuse of reader locktable slot */
-#define MDB_BAD_RSLOT		(-30783)
-	/** Transaction must abort, has a child, or is invalid */
-#define MDB_BAD_TXN			(-30782)
-	/** Unsupported size of key/DB name/data, or wrong DUPFIXED size */
-#define MDB_BAD_VALSIZE		(-30781)
-	/** The specified DBI was changed unexpectedly */
-#define MDB_BAD_DBI		(-30780)
-	/** The last defined error code */
-#define MDB_LAST_ERRCODE	MDB_BAD_DBI
-/** @} */
-
-/** @brief Statistics for a database in the environment */
-typedef struct MDB_stat {
-	unsigned int	ms_psize;			/**< Size of a database page.
-											This is currently the same for all databases. */
-	unsigned int	ms_depth;			/**< Depth (height) of the B-tree */
-	size_t		ms_branch_pages;	/**< Number of internal (non-leaf) pages */
-	size_t		ms_leaf_pages;		/**< Number of leaf pages */
-	size_t		ms_overflow_pages;	/**< Number of overflow pages */
-	size_t		ms_entries;			/**< Number of data items */
-} MDB_stat;
-
-/** @brief Information about the environment */
-typedef struct MDB_envinfo {
-	void	*me_mapaddr;			/**< Address of map, if fixed */
-	size_t	me_mapsize;				/**< Size of the data memory map */
-	size_t	me_last_pgno;			/**< ID of the last used page */
-	size_t	me_last_txnid;			/**< ID of the last committed transaction */
-	unsigned int me_maxreaders;		/**< max reader slots in the environment */
-	unsigned int me_numreaders;		/**< max reader slots used in the environment */
-} MDB_envinfo;
-
-	/** @brief Return the LMDB library version information.
-	 *
-	 * @param[out] major if non-NULL, the library major version number is copied here
-	 * @param[out] minor if non-NULL, the library minor version number is copied here
-	 * @param[out] patch if non-NULL, the library patch version number is copied here
-	 * @retval "version string" The library version as a string
-	 */
-char *mdb_version(int *major, int *minor, int *patch);
-
-	/** @brief Return a string describing a given error code.
-	 *
-	 * This function is a superset of the ANSI C X3.159-1989 (ANSI C) strerror(3)
-	 * function. If the error code is greater than or equal to 0, then the string
-	 * returned by the system function strerror(3) is returned. If the error code
-	 * is less than 0, an error string corresponding to the LMDB library error is
-	 * returned. See @ref errors for a list of LMDB-specific error codes.
-	 * @param[in] err The error code
-	 * @retval "error message" The description of the error
-	 */
-char *mdb_strerror(int err);
-
-	/** @brief Create an LMDB environment handle.
-	 *
-	 * This function allocates memory for a #MDB_env structure. To release
-	 * the allocated memory and discard the handle, call #mdb_env_close().
-	 * Before the handle may be used, it must be opened using #mdb_env_open().
-	 * Various other options may also need to be set before opening the handle,
-	 * e.g. #mdb_env_set_mapsize(), #mdb_env_set_maxreaders(), #mdb_env_set_maxdbs(),
-	 * depending on usage requirements.
-	 * @param[out] env The address where the new handle will be stored
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env);
-
-	/** @brief Open an environment handle.
-	 *
-	 * If this function fails, #mdb_env_close() must be called to discard the #MDB_env handle.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] path The directory in which the database files reside. This
-	 * directory must already exist and be writable.
-	 * @param[in] flags Special options for this environment. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or by bitwise OR'ing together one or more of the
-	 * values described here.
-	 * Flags set by mdb_env_set_flags() are also used.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_FIXEDMAP
-	 *      use a fixed address for the mmap region. This flag must be specified
-	 *      when creating the environment, and is stored persistently in the environment.
-	 *		If successful, the memory map will always reside at the same virtual address
-	 *		and pointers used to reference data items in the database will be constant
-	 *		across multiple invocations. This option may not always work, depending on
-	 *		how the operating system has allocated memory to shared libraries and other uses.
-	 *		The feature is highly experimental.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOSUBDIR
-	 *		By default, LMDB creates its environment in a directory whose
-	 *		pathname is given in \b path, and creates its data and lock files
-	 *		under that directory. With this option, \b path is used as-is for
-	 *		the database main data file. The database lock file is the \b path
-	 *		with "-lock" appended.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_RDONLY
-	 *		Open the environment in read-only mode. No write operations will be
-	 *		allowed. LMDB will still modify the lock file - except on read-only
-	 *		filesystems, where LMDB does not use locks.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_WRITEMAP
-	 *		Use a writeable memory map unless MDB_RDONLY is set. This uses
-	 *		fewer mallocs but loses protection from application bugs
-	 *		like wild pointer writes and other bad updates into the database.
-	 *		This may be slightly faster for DBs that fit entirely in RAM, but
-	 *		is slower for DBs larger than RAM.
-	 *		Incompatible with nested transactions.
-	 *		Do not mix processes with and without MDB_WRITEMAP on the same
-	 *		environment.  This can defeat durability (#mdb_env_sync etc).
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOMETASYNC
-	 *		Flush system buffers to disk only once per transaction, omit the
-	 *		metadata flush. Defer that until the system flushes files to disk,
-	 *		or next non-MDB_RDONLY commit or #mdb_env_sync(). This optimization
-	 *		maintains database integrity, but a system crash may undo the last
-	 *		committed transaction. I.e. it preserves the ACI (atomicity,
-	 *		consistency, isolation) but not D (durability) database property.
-	 *		This flag may be changed at any time using #mdb_env_set_flags().
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOSYNC
-	 *		Don't flush system buffers to disk when committing a transaction.
-	 *		This optimization means a system crash can corrupt the database or
-	 *		lose the last transactions if buffers are not yet flushed to disk.
-	 *		The risk is governed by how often the system flushes dirty buffers
-	 *		to disk and how often #mdb_env_sync() is called.  However, if the
-	 *		filesystem preserves write order and the #MDB_WRITEMAP flag is not
-	 *		used, transactions exhibit ACI (atomicity, consistency, isolation)
-	 *		properties and only lose D (durability).  I.e. database integrity
-	 *		is maintained, but a system crash may undo the final transactions.
-	 *		Note that (#MDB_NOSYNC | #MDB_WRITEMAP) leaves the system with no
-	 *		hint for when to write transactions to disk, unless #mdb_env_sync()
-	 *		is called. (#MDB_MAPASYNC | #MDB_WRITEMAP) may be preferable.
-	 *		This flag may be changed at any time using #mdb_env_set_flags().
-	 *	<li>#MDB_MAPASYNC
-	 *		When using #MDB_WRITEMAP, use asynchronous flushes to disk.
-	 *		As with #MDB_NOSYNC, a system crash can then corrupt the
-	 *		database or lose the last transactions. Calling #mdb_env_sync()
-	 *		ensures on-disk database integrity until next commit.
-	 *		This flag may be changed at any time using #mdb_env_set_flags().
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOTLS
-	 *		Don't use Thread-Local Storage. Tie reader locktable slots to
-	 *		#MDB_txn objects instead of to threads. I.e. #mdb_txn_reset() keeps
-	 *		the slot reseved for the #MDB_txn object. A thread may use parallel
-	 *		read-only transactions. A read-only transaction may span threads if
-	 *		the user synchronizes its use. Applications that multiplex many
-	 *		user threads over individual OS threads need this option. Such an
-	 *		application must also serialize the write transactions in an OS
-	 *		thread, since LMDB's write locking is unaware of the user threads.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOLOCK
-	 *		Don't do any locking. If concurrent access is anticipated, the
-	 *		caller must manage all concurrency itself. For proper operation
-	 *		the caller must enforce single-writer semantics, and must ensure
-	 *		that no readers are using old transactions while a writer is
-	 *		active. The simplest approach is to use an exclusive lock so that
-	 *		no readers may be active at all when a writer begins.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NORDAHEAD
-	 *		Turn off readahead. Most operating systems perform readahead on
-	 *		read requests by default. This option turns it off if the OS
-	 *		supports it. Turning it off may help random read performance
-	 *		when the DB is larger than RAM and system RAM is full.
-	 *		The option is not implemented on Windows.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOMEMINIT
-	 *		Don't initialize malloc'd memory before writing to unused spaces
-	 *		in the data file. By default, memory for pages written to the data
-	 *		file is obtained using malloc. While these pages may be reused in
-	 *		subsequent transactions, freshly malloc'd pages will be initialized
-	 *		to zeroes before use. This avoids persisting leftover data from other
-	 *		code (that used the heap and subsequently freed the memory) into the
-	 *		data file. Note that many other system libraries may allocate
-	 *		and free memory from the heap for arbitrary uses. E.g., stdio may
-	 *		use the heap for file I/O buffers. This initialization step has a
-	 *		modest performance cost so some applications may want to disable
-	 *		it using this flag. This option can be a problem for applications
-	 *		which handle sensitive data like passwords, and it makes memory
-	 *		checkers like Valgrind noisy. This flag is not needed with #MDB_WRITEMAP,
-	 *		which writes directly to the mmap instead of using malloc for pages. The
-	 *		initialization is also skipped if #MDB_RESERVE is used; the
-	 *		caller is expected to overwrite all of the memory that was
-	 *		reserved in that case.
-	 *		This flag may be changed at any time using #mdb_env_set_flags().
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @param[in] mode The UNIX permissions to set on created files and semaphores.
-	 * This parameter is ignored on Windows.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH - the version of the LMDB library doesn't match the
-	 *	version that created the database environment.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_INVALID - the environment file headers are corrupted.
-	 *	<li>ENOENT - the directory specified by the path parameter doesn't exist.
-	 *	<li>EACCES - the user didn't have permission to access the environment files.
-	 *	<li>EAGAIN - the environment was locked by another process.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_open(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags, mdb_mode_t mode);
-
-	/** @brief Copy an LMDB environment to the specified path.
-	 *
-	 * This function may be used to make a backup of an existing environment.
-	 * No lockfile is created, since it gets recreated at need.
-	 * @note This call can trigger significant file size growth if run in
-	 * parallel with write transactions, because it employs a read-only
-	 * transaction. See long-lived transactions under @ref caveats_sec.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create(). It
-	 * must have already been opened successfully.
-	 * @param[in] path The directory in which the copy will reside. This
-	 * directory must already exist and be writable but must otherwise be
-	 * empty.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_copy(MDB_env *env, const char *path);
-
-	/** @brief Copy an LMDB environment to the specified file descriptor.
-	 *
-	 * This function may be used to make a backup of an existing environment.
-	 * No lockfile is created, since it gets recreated at need.
-	 * @note This call can trigger significant file size growth if run in
-	 * parallel with write transactions, because it employs a read-only
-	 * transaction. See long-lived transactions under @ref caveats_sec.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create(). It
-	 * must have already been opened successfully.
-	 * @param[in] fd The filedescriptor to write the copy to. It must
-	 * have already been opened for Write access.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_copyfd(MDB_env *env, mdb_filehandle_t fd);
-
-	/** @brief Copy an LMDB environment to the specified path, with options.
-	 *
-	 * This function may be used to make a backup of an existing environment.
-	 * No lockfile is created, since it gets recreated at need.
-	 * @note This call can trigger significant file size growth if run in
-	 * parallel with write transactions, because it employs a read-only
-	 * transaction. See long-lived transactions under @ref caveats_sec.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create(). It
-	 * must have already been opened successfully.
-	 * @param[in] path The directory in which the copy will reside. This
-	 * directory must already exist and be writable but must otherwise be
-	 * empty.
-	 * @param[in] flags Special options for this operation. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or by bitwise OR'ing together one or more of the
-	 * values described here.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_CP_COMPACT - Perform compaction while copying: omit free
-	 *		pages and sequentially renumber all pages in output. This option
-	 *		consumes more CPU and runs more slowly than the default.
-	 *		Currently it fails if the environment has suffered a page leak.
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_copy2(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags);
-
-	/** @brief Copy an LMDB environment to the specified file descriptor,
-	 *	with options.
-	 *
-	 * This function may be used to make a backup of an existing environment.
-	 * No lockfile is created, since it gets recreated at need. See
-	 * #mdb_env_copy2() for further details.
-	 * @note This call can trigger significant file size growth if run in
-	 * parallel with write transactions, because it employs a read-only
-	 * transaction. See long-lived transactions under @ref caveats_sec.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create(). It
-	 * must have already been opened successfully.
-	 * @param[in] fd The filedescriptor to write the copy to. It must
-	 * have already been opened for Write access.
-	 * @param[in] flags Special options for this operation.
-	 * See #mdb_env_copy2() for options.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_copyfd2(MDB_env *env, mdb_filehandle_t fd, unsigned int flags);
-
-	/** @brief Return statistics about the LMDB environment.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] stat The address of an #MDB_stat structure
-	 * 	where the statistics will be copied
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_stat(MDB_env *env, MDB_stat *stat);
-
-	/** @brief Return information about the LMDB environment.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] stat The address of an #MDB_envinfo structure
-	 * 	where the information will be copied
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_info(MDB_env *env, MDB_envinfo *stat);
-
-	/** @brief Flush the data buffers to disk.
-	 *
-	 * Data is always written to disk when #mdb_txn_commit() is called,
-	 * but the operating system may keep it buffered. LMDB always flushes
-	 * the OS buffers upon commit as well, unless the environment was
-	 * opened with #MDB_NOSYNC or in part #MDB_NOMETASYNC. This call is
-	 * not valid if the environment was opened with #MDB_RDONLY.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] force If non-zero, force a synchronous flush.  Otherwise
-	 *  if the environment has the #MDB_NOSYNC flag set the flushes
-	 *	will be omitted, and with #MDB_MAPASYNC they will be asynchronous.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EACCES - the environment is read-only.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 *	<li>EIO - an error occurred during synchronization.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_sync(MDB_env *env, int force);
-
-	/** @brief Close the environment and release the memory map.
-	 *
-	 * Only a single thread may call this function. All transactions, databases,
-	 * and cursors must already be closed before calling this function. Attempts to
-	 * use any such handles after calling this function will cause a SIGSEGV.
-	 * The environment handle will be freed and must not be used again after this call.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 */
-void mdb_env_close(MDB_env *env);
-
-	/** @brief Set environment flags.
-	 *
-	 * This may be used to set some flags in addition to those from
-	 * #mdb_env_open(), or to unset these flags.  If several threads
-	 * change the flags at the same time, the result is undefined.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] flags The flags to change, bitwise OR'ed together
-	 * @param[in] onoff A non-zero value sets the flags, zero clears them.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_set_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int flags, int onoff);
-
-	/** @brief Get environment flags.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] flags The address of an integer to store the flags
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_get_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *flags);
-
-	/** @brief Return the path that was used in #mdb_env_open().
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] path Address of a string pointer to contain the path. This
-	 * is the actual string in the environment, not a copy. It should not be
-	 * altered in any way.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_get_path(MDB_env *env, const char **path);
-
-	/** @brief Return the filedescriptor for the given environment.
-	 *
-	 * This function may be called after fork(), so the descriptor can be
-	 * closed before exec*().  Other LMDB file descriptors have FD_CLOEXEC.
-	 * (Until LMDB 0.9.18, only the lockfile had that.)
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] fd Address of a mdb_filehandle_t to contain the descriptor.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_get_fd(MDB_env *env, mdb_filehandle_t *fd);
-
-	/** @brief Set the size of the memory map to use for this environment.
-	 *
-	 * The size should be a multiple of the OS page size. The default is
-	 * 10485760 bytes. The size of the memory map is also the maximum size
-	 * of the database. The value should be chosen as large as possible,
-	 * to accommodate future growth of the database.
-	 * This function should be called after #mdb_env_create() and before #mdb_env_open().
-	 * It may be called at later times if no transactions are active in
-	 * this process. Note that the library does not check for this condition,
-	 * the caller must ensure it explicitly.
-	 *
-	 * The new size takes effect immediately for the current process but
-	 * will not be persisted to any others until a write transaction has been
-	 * committed by the current process. Also, only mapsize increases are
-	 * persisted into the environment.
-	 *
-	 * If the mapsize is increased by another process, and data has grown
-	 * beyond the range of the current mapsize, #mdb_txn_begin() will
-	 * return #MDB_MAP_RESIZED. This function may be called with a size
-	 * of zero to adopt the new size.
-	 *
-	 * Any attempt to set a size smaller than the space already consumed
-	 * by the environment will be silently changed to the current size of the used space.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] size The size in bytes
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified, or the environment has
-	 *   	an active write transaction.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_set_mapsize(MDB_env *env, size_t size);
-
-	/** @brief Set the maximum number of threads/reader slots for the environment.
-	 *
-	 * This defines the number of slots in the lock table that is used to track readers in the
-	 * the environment. The default is 126.
-	 * Starting a read-only transaction normally ties a lock table slot to the
-	 * current thread until the environment closes or the thread exits. If
-	 * MDB_NOTLS is in use, #mdb_txn_begin() instead ties the slot to the
-	 * MDB_txn object until it or the #MDB_env object is destroyed.
-	 * This function may only be called after #mdb_env_create() and before #mdb_env_open().
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] readers The maximum number of reader lock table slots
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified, or the environment is already open.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_set_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int readers);
-
-	/** @brief Get the maximum number of threads/reader slots for the environment.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] readers Address of an integer to store the number of readers
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_get_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *readers);
-
-	/** @brief Set the maximum number of named databases for the environment.
-	 *
-	 * This function is only needed if multiple databases will be used in the
-	 * environment. Simpler applications that use the environment as a single
-	 * unnamed database can ignore this option.
-	 * This function may only be called after #mdb_env_create() and before #mdb_env_open().
-	 *
-	 * Currently a moderate number of slots are cheap but a huge number gets
-	 * expensive: 7-120 words per transaction, and every #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * does a linear search of the opened slots.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] dbs The maximum number of databases
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified, or the environment is already open.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_set_maxdbs(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbs);
-
-	/** @brief Get the maximum size of keys and #MDB_DUPSORT data we can write.
-	 *
-	 * Depends on the compile-time constant #MDB_MAXKEYSIZE. Default 511.
-	 * See @ref MDB_val.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @return The maximum size of a key we can write
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_get_maxkeysize(MDB_env *env);
-
-	/** @brief Set application information associated with the #MDB_env.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] ctx An arbitrary pointer for whatever the application needs.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_set_userctx(MDB_env *env, void *ctx);
-
-	/** @brief Get the application information associated with the #MDB_env.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @return The pointer set by #mdb_env_set_userctx().
-	 */
-void *mdb_env_get_userctx(MDB_env *env);
-
-	/** @brief A callback function for most LMDB assert() failures,
-	 * called before printing the message and aborting.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create().
-	 * @param[in] msg The assertion message, not including newline.
-	 */
-typedef void MDB_assert_func(MDB_env *env, const char *msg);
-
-	/** Set or reset the assert() callback of the environment.
-	 * Disabled if liblmdb is buillt with NDEBUG.
-	 * @note This hack should become obsolete as lmdb's error handling matures.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create().
-	 * @param[in] func An #MDB_assert_func function, or 0.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_env_set_assert(MDB_env *env, MDB_assert_func *func);
-
-	/** @brief Create a transaction for use with the environment.
-	 *
-	 * The transaction handle may be discarded using #mdb_txn_abort() or #mdb_txn_commit().
-	 * @note A transaction and its cursors must only be used by a single
-	 * thread, and a thread may only have a single transaction at a time.
-	 * If #MDB_NOTLS is in use, this does not apply to read-only transactions.
-	 * @note Cursors may not span transactions.
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] parent If this parameter is non-NULL, the new transaction
-	 * will be a nested transaction, with the transaction indicated by \b parent
-	 * as its parent. Transactions may be nested to any level. A parent
-	 * transaction and its cursors may not issue any other operations than
-	 * mdb_txn_commit and mdb_txn_abort while it has active child transactions.
-	 * @param[in] flags Special options for this transaction. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or by bitwise OR'ing together one or more of the
-	 * values described here.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_RDONLY
-	 *		This transaction will not perform any write operations.
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @param[out] txn Address where the new #MDB_txn handle will be stored
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_PANIC - a fatal error occurred earlier and the environment
-	 *		must be shut down.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_MAP_RESIZED - another process wrote data beyond this MDB_env's
-	 *		mapsize and this environment's map must be resized as well.
-	 *		See #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
-	 *	<li>#MDB_READERS_FULL - a read-only transaction was requested and
-	 *		the reader lock table is full. See #mdb_env_set_maxreaders().
-	 *	<li>ENOMEM - out of memory.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_txn_begin(MDB_env *env, MDB_txn *parent, unsigned int flags, MDB_txn **txn);
-
-	/** @brief Returns the transaction's #MDB_env
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 */
-MDB_env *mdb_txn_env(MDB_txn *txn);
-
-	/** @brief Return the transaction's ID.
-	 *
-	 * This returns the identifier associated with this transaction. For a
-	 * read-only transaction, this corresponds to the snapshot being read;
-	 * concurrent readers will frequently have the same transaction ID.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @return A transaction ID, valid if input is an active transaction.
-	 */
-size_t mdb_txn_id(MDB_txn *txn);
-
-	/** @brief Commit all the operations of a transaction into the database.
-	 *
-	 * The transaction handle is freed. It and its cursors must not be used
-	 * again after this call, except with #mdb_cursor_renew().
-	 * @note Earlier documentation incorrectly said all cursors would be freed.
-	 * Only write-transactions free cursors.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 *	<li>ENOSPC - no more disk space.
-	 *	<li>EIO - a low-level I/O error occurred while writing.
-	 *	<li>ENOMEM - out of memory.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_txn_commit(MDB_txn *txn);
-
-	/** @brief Abandon all the operations of the transaction instead of saving them.
-	 *
-	 * The transaction handle is freed. It and its cursors must not be used
-	 * again after this call, except with #mdb_cursor_renew().
-	 * @note Earlier documentation incorrectly said all cursors would be freed.
-	 * Only write-transactions free cursors.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 */
-void mdb_txn_abort(MDB_txn *txn);
-
-	/** @brief Reset a read-only transaction.
-	 *
-	 * Abort the transaction like #mdb_txn_abort(), but keep the transaction
-	 * handle. #mdb_txn_renew() may reuse the handle. This saves allocation
-	 * overhead if the process will start a new read-only transaction soon,
-	 * and also locking overhead if #MDB_NOTLS is in use. The reader table
-	 * lock is released, but the table slot stays tied to its thread or
-	 * #MDB_txn. Use mdb_txn_abort() to discard a reset handle, and to free
-	 * its lock table slot if MDB_NOTLS is in use.
-	 * Cursors opened within the transaction must not be used
-	 * again after this call, except with #mdb_cursor_renew().
-	 * Reader locks generally don't interfere with writers, but they keep old
-	 * versions of database pages allocated. Thus they prevent the old pages
-	 * from being reused when writers commit new data, and so under heavy load
-	 * the database size may grow much more rapidly than otherwise.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 */
-void mdb_txn_reset(MDB_txn *txn);
-
-	/** @brief Renew a read-only transaction.
-	 *
-	 * This acquires a new reader lock for a transaction handle that had been
-	 * released by #mdb_txn_reset(). It must be called before a reset transaction
-	 * may be used again.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_PANIC - a fatal error occurred earlier and the environment
-	 *		must be shut down.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn);
-
-/** Compat with version <= 0.9.4, avoid clash with libmdb from MDB Tools project */
-#define mdb_open(txn,name,flags,dbi)	mdb_dbi_open(txn,name,flags,dbi)
-/** Compat with version <= 0.9.4, avoid clash with libmdb from MDB Tools project */
-#define mdb_close(env,dbi)				mdb_dbi_close(env,dbi)
-
-	/** @brief Open a database in the environment.
-	 *
-	 * A database handle denotes the name and parameters of a database,
-	 * independently of whether such a database exists.
-	 * The database handle may be discarded by calling #mdb_dbi_close().
-	 * The old database handle is returned if the database was already open.
-	 * The handle may only be closed once.
-	 *
-	 * The database handle will be private to the current transaction until
-	 * the transaction is successfully committed. If the transaction is
-	 * aborted the handle will be closed automatically.
-	 * After a successful commit the handle will reside in the shared
-	 * environment, and may be used by other transactions.
-	 *
-	 * This function must not be called from multiple concurrent
-	 * transactions in the same process. A transaction that uses
-	 * this function must finish (either commit or abort) before
-	 * any other transaction in the process may use this function.
-	 *
-	 * To use named databases (with name != NULL), #mdb_env_set_maxdbs()
-	 * must be called before opening the environment.  Database names are
-	 * keys in the unnamed database, and may be read but not written.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] name The name of the database to open. If only a single
-	 * 	database is needed in the environment, this value may be NULL.
-	 * @param[in] flags Special options for this database. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or by bitwise OR'ing together one or more of the
-	 * values described here.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_REVERSEKEY
-	 *		Keys are strings to be compared in reverse order, from the end
-	 *		of the strings to the beginning. By default, Keys are treated as strings and
-	 *		compared from beginning to end.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_DUPSORT
-	 *		Duplicate keys may be used in the database. (Or, from another perspective,
-	 *		keys may have multiple data items, stored in sorted order.) By default
-	 *		keys must be unique and may have only a single data item.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_INTEGERKEY
-	 *		Keys are binary integers in native byte order, either unsigned int
-	 *		or size_t, and will be sorted as such.
-	 *		The keys must all be of the same size.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_DUPFIXED
-	 *		This flag may only be used in combination with #MDB_DUPSORT. This option
-	 *		tells the library that the data items for this database are all the same
-	 *		size, which allows further optimizations in storage and retrieval. When
-	 *		all data items are the same size, the #MDB_GET_MULTIPLE, #MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE
-	 *		and #MDB_PREV_MULTIPLE cursor operations may be used to retrieve multiple
-	 *		items at once.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_INTEGERDUP
-	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items are binary integers,
-	 *		similar to #MDB_INTEGERKEY keys.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_REVERSEDUP
-	 *		This option specifies that duplicate data items should be compared as
-	 *		strings in reverse order.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_CREATE
-	 *		Create the named database if it doesn't exist. This option is not
-	 *		allowed in a read-only transaction or a read-only environment.
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @param[out] dbi Address where the new #MDB_dbi handle will be stored
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOTFOUND - the specified database doesn't exist in the environment
-	 *		and #MDB_CREATE was not specified.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_DBS_FULL - too many databases have been opened. See #mdb_env_set_maxdbs().
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_dbi_open(MDB_txn *txn, const char *name, unsigned int flags, MDB_dbi *dbi);
-
-	/** @brief Retrieve statistics for a database.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[out] stat The address of an #MDB_stat structure
-	 * 	where the statistics will be copied
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_stat(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_stat *stat);
-
-	/** @brief Retrieve the DB flags for a database handle.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[out] flags Address where the flags will be returned.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int mdb_dbi_flags(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, unsigned int *flags);
-
-	/** @brief Close a database handle. Normally unnecessary. Use with care:
-	 *
-	 * This call is not mutex protected. Handles should only be closed by
-	 * a single thread, and only if no other threads are going to reference
-	 * the database handle or one of its cursors any further. Do not close
-	 * a handle if an existing transaction has modified its database.
-	 * Doing so can cause misbehavior from database corruption to errors
-	 * like MDB_BAD_VALSIZE (since the DB name is gone).
-	 *
-	 * Closing a database handle is not necessary, but lets #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * reuse the handle value.  Usually it's better to set a bigger
-	 * #mdb_env_set_maxdbs(), unless that value would be large.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 */
-void mdb_dbi_close(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbi);
-
-	/** @brief Empty or delete+close a database.
-	 *
-	 * See #mdb_dbi_close() for restrictions about closing the DB handle.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] del 0 to empty the DB, 1 to delete it from the
-	 * environment and close the DB handle.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success.
-	 */
-int  mdb_drop(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, int del);
-
-	/** @brief Set a custom key comparison function for a database.
-	 *
-	 * The comparison function is called whenever it is necessary to compare a
-	 * key specified by the application with a key currently stored in the database.
-	 * If no comparison function is specified, and no special key flags were specified
-	 * with #mdb_dbi_open(), the keys are compared lexically, with shorter keys collating
-	 * before longer keys.
-	 * @warning This function must be called before any data access functions are used,
-	 * otherwise data corruption may occur. The same comparison function must be used by every
-	 * program accessing the database, every time the database is used.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] cmp A #MDB_cmp_func function
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_set_compare(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp);
-
-	/** @brief Set a custom data comparison function for a #MDB_DUPSORT database.
-	 *
-	 * This comparison function is called whenever it is necessary to compare a data
-	 * item specified by the application with a data item currently stored in the database.
-	 * This function only takes effect if the database was opened with the #MDB_DUPSORT
-	 * flag.
-	 * If no comparison function is specified, and no special key flags were specified
-	 * with #mdb_dbi_open(), the data items are compared lexically, with shorter items collating
-	 * before longer items.
-	 * @warning This function must be called before any data access functions are used,
-	 * otherwise data corruption may occur. The same comparison function must be used by every
-	 * program accessing the database, every time the database is used.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] cmp A #MDB_cmp_func function
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_set_dupsort(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp);
-
-	/** @brief Set a relocation function for a #MDB_FIXEDMAP database.
-	 *
-	 * @todo The relocation function is called whenever it is necessary to move the data
-	 * of an item to a different position in the database (e.g. through tree
-	 * balancing operations, shifts as a result of adds or deletes, etc.). It is
-	 * intended to allow address/position-dependent data items to be stored in
-	 * a database in an environment opened with the #MDB_FIXEDMAP option.
-	 * Currently the relocation feature is unimplemented and setting
-	 * this function has no effect.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] rel A #MDB_rel_func function
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_set_relfunc(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_rel_func *rel);
-
-	/** @brief Set a context pointer for a #MDB_FIXEDMAP database's relocation function.
-	 *
-	 * See #mdb_set_relfunc and #MDB_rel_func for more details.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] ctx An arbitrary pointer for whatever the application needs.
-	 * It will be passed to the callback function set by #mdb_set_relfunc
-	 * as its \b relctx parameter whenever the callback is invoked.
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_set_relctx(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, void *ctx);
-
-	/** @brief Get items from a database.
-	 *
-	 * This function retrieves key/data pairs from the database. The address
-	 * and length of the data associated with the specified \b key are returned
-	 * in the structure to which \b data refers.
-	 * If the database supports duplicate keys (#MDB_DUPSORT) then the
-	 * first data item for the key will be returned. Retrieval of other
-	 * items requires the use of #mdb_cursor_get().
-	 *
-	 * @note The memory pointed to by the returned values is owned by the
-	 * database. The caller need not dispose of the memory, and may not
-	 * modify it in any way. For values returned in a read-only transaction
-	 * any modification attempts will cause a SIGSEGV.
-	 * @note Values returned from the database are valid only until a
-	 * subsequent update operation, or the end of the transaction.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] key The key to search for in the database
-	 * @param[out] data The data corresponding to the key
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOTFOUND - the key was not in the database.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_get(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
-
-	/** @brief Store items into a database.
-	 *
-	 * This function stores key/data pairs in the database. The default behavior
-	 * is to enter the new key/data pair, replacing any previously existing key
-	 * if duplicates are disallowed, or adding a duplicate data item if
-	 * duplicates are allowed (#MDB_DUPSORT).
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] key The key to store in the database
-	 * @param[in,out] data The data to store
-	 * @param[in] flags Special options for this operation. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or by bitwise OR'ing together one or more of the
-	 * values described here.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NODUPDATA - enter the new key/data pair only if it does not
-	 *		already appear in the database. This flag may only be specified
-	 *		if the database was opened with #MDB_DUPSORT. The function will
-	 *		return #MDB_KEYEXIST if the key/data pair already appears in the
-	 *		database.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOOVERWRITE - enter the new key/data pair only if the key
-	 *		does not already appear in the database. The function will return
-	 *		#MDB_KEYEXIST if the key already appears in the database, even if
-	 *		the database supports duplicates (#MDB_DUPSORT). The \b data
-	 *		parameter will be set to point to the existing item.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_RESERVE - reserve space for data of the given size, but
-	 *		don't copy the given data. Instead, return a pointer to the
-	 *		reserved space, which the caller can fill in later - before
-	 *		the next update operation or the transaction ends. This saves
-	 *		an extra memcpy if the data is being generated later.
-	 *		LMDB does nothing else with this memory, the caller is expected
-	 *		to modify all of the space requested. This flag must not be
-	 *		specified if the database was opened with #MDB_DUPSORT.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_APPEND - append the given key/data pair to the end of the
-	 *		database. This option allows fast bulk loading when keys are
-	 *		already known to be in the correct order. Loading unsorted keys
-	 *		with this flag will cause a #MDB_KEYEXIST error.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_APPENDDUP - as above, but for sorted dup data.
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_MAP_FULL - the database is full, see #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
-	 *	<li>#MDB_TXN_FULL - the transaction has too many dirty pages.
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_put(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
-			    unsigned int flags);
-
-	/** @brief Delete items from a database.
-	 *
-	 * This function removes key/data pairs from the database.
-	 * If the database does not support sorted duplicate data items
-	 * (#MDB_DUPSORT) the data parameter is ignored.
-	 * If the database supports sorted duplicates and the data parameter
-	 * is NULL, all of the duplicate data items for the key will be
-	 * deleted. Otherwise, if the data parameter is non-NULL
-	 * only the matching data item will be deleted.
-	 * This function will return #MDB_NOTFOUND if the specified key/data
-	 * pair is not in the database.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] key The key to delete from the database
-	 * @param[in] data The data to delete
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_del(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
-
-	/** @brief Create a cursor handle.
-	 *
-	 * A cursor is associated with a specific transaction and database.
-	 * A cursor cannot be used when its database handle is closed.  Nor
-	 * when its transaction has ended, except with #mdb_cursor_renew().
-	 * It can be discarded with #mdb_cursor_close().
-	 * A cursor in a write-transaction can be closed before its transaction
-	 * ends, and will otherwise be closed when its transaction ends.
-	 * A cursor in a read-only transaction must be closed explicitly, before
-	 * or after its transaction ends. It can be reused with
-	 * #mdb_cursor_renew() before finally closing it.
-	 * @note Earlier documentation said that cursors in every transaction
-	 * were closed when the transaction committed or aborted.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[out] cursor Address where the new #MDB_cursor handle will be stored
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_cursor_open(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cursor **cursor);
-
-	/** @brief Close a cursor handle.
-	 *
-	 * The cursor handle will be freed and must not be used again after this call.
-	 * Its transaction must still be live if it is a write-transaction.
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 */
-void mdb_cursor_close(MDB_cursor *cursor);
-
-	/** @brief Renew a cursor handle.
-	 *
-	 * A cursor is associated with a specific transaction and database.
-	 * Cursors that are only used in read-only
-	 * transactions may be re-used, to avoid unnecessary malloc/free overhead.
-	 * The cursor may be associated with a new read-only transaction, and
-	 * referencing the same database handle as it was created with.
-	 * This may be done whether the previous transaction is live or dead.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_cursor_renew(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_cursor *cursor);
-
-	/** @brief Return the cursor's transaction handle.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 */
-MDB_txn *mdb_cursor_txn(MDB_cursor *cursor);
-
-	/** @brief Return the cursor's database handle.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 */
-MDB_dbi mdb_cursor_dbi(MDB_cursor *cursor);
-
-	/** @brief Retrieve by cursor.
-	 *
-	 * This function retrieves key/data pairs from the database. The address and length
-	 * of the key are returned in the object to which \b key refers (except for the
-	 * case of the #MDB_SET option, in which the \b key object is unchanged), and
-	 * the address and length of the data are returned in the object to which \b data
-	 * refers.
-	 * See #mdb_get() for restrictions on using the output values.
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 * @param[in,out] key The key for a retrieved item
-	 * @param[in,out] data The data of a retrieved item
-	 * @param[in] op A cursor operation #MDB_cursor_op
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOTFOUND - no matching key found.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_cursor_get(MDB_cursor *cursor, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
-			    MDB_cursor_op op);
-
-	/** @brief Store by cursor.
-	 *
-	 * This function stores key/data pairs into the database.
-	 * The cursor is positioned at the new item, or on failure usually near it.
-	 * @note Earlier documentation incorrectly said errors would leave the
-	 * state of the cursor unchanged.
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 * @param[in] key The key operated on.
-	 * @param[in] data The data operated on.
-	 * @param[in] flags Options for this operation. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or one of the values described here.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_CURRENT - replace the item at the current cursor position.
-	 *		The \b key parameter must still be provided, and must match it.
-	 *		If using sorted duplicates (#MDB_DUPSORT) the data item must still
-	 *		sort into the same place. This is intended to be used when the
-	 *		new data is the same size as the old. Otherwise it will simply
-	 *		perform a delete of the old record followed by an insert.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NODUPDATA - enter the new key/data pair only if it does not
-	 *		already appear in the database. This flag may only be specified
-	 *		if the database was opened with #MDB_DUPSORT. The function will
-	 *		return #MDB_KEYEXIST if the key/data pair already appears in the
-	 *		database.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NOOVERWRITE - enter the new key/data pair only if the key
-	 *		does not already appear in the database. The function will return
-	 *		#MDB_KEYEXIST if the key already appears in the database, even if
-	 *		the database supports duplicates (#MDB_DUPSORT).
-	 *	<li>#MDB_RESERVE - reserve space for data of the given size, but
-	 *		don't copy the given data. Instead, return a pointer to the
-	 *		reserved space, which the caller can fill in later - before
-	 *		the next update operation or the transaction ends. This saves
-	 *		an extra memcpy if the data is being generated later. This flag
-	 *		must not be specified if the database was opened with #MDB_DUPSORT.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_APPEND - append the given key/data pair to the end of the
-	 *		database. No key comparisons are performed. This option allows
-	 *		fast bulk loading when keys are already known to be in the
-	 *		correct order. Loading unsorted keys with this flag will cause
-	 *		a #MDB_KEYEXIST error.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_APPENDDUP - as above, but for sorted dup data.
-	 *	<li>#MDB_MULTIPLE - store multiple contiguous data elements in a
-	 *		single request. This flag may only be specified if the database
-	 *		was opened with #MDB_DUPFIXED. The \b data argument must be an
-	 *		array of two MDB_vals. The mv_size of the first MDB_val must be
-	 *		the size of a single data element. The mv_data of the first MDB_val
-	 *		must point to the beginning of the array of contiguous data elements.
-	 *		The mv_size of the second MDB_val must be the count of the number
-	 *		of data elements to store. On return this field will be set to
-	 *		the count of the number of elements actually written. The mv_data
-	 *		of the second MDB_val is unused.
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_MAP_FULL - the database is full, see #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
-	 *	<li>#MDB_TXN_FULL - the transaction has too many dirty pages.
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *cursor, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
-				unsigned int flags);
-
-	/** @brief Delete current key/data pair
-	 *
-	 * This function deletes the key/data pair to which the cursor refers.
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 * @param[in] flags Options for this operation. This parameter
-	 * must be set to 0 or one of the values described here.
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>#MDB_NODUPDATA - delete all of the data items for the current key.
-	 *		This flag may only be specified if the database was opened with #MDB_DUPSORT.
-	 * </ul>
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EACCES - an attempt was made to write in a read-only transaction.
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_cursor_del(MDB_cursor *cursor, unsigned int flags);
-
-	/** @brief Return count of duplicates for current key.
-	 *
-	 * This call is only valid on databases that support sorted duplicate
-	 * data items #MDB_DUPSORT.
-	 * @param[in] cursor A cursor handle returned by #mdb_cursor_open()
-	 * @param[out] countp Address where the count will be stored
-	 * @return A non-zero error value on failure and 0 on success. Some possible
-	 * errors are:
-	 * <ul>
-	 *	<li>EINVAL - cursor is not initialized, or an invalid parameter was specified.
-	 * </ul>
-	 */
-int  mdb_cursor_count(MDB_cursor *cursor, size_t *countp);
-
-	/** @brief Compare two data items according to a particular database.
-	 *
-	 * This returns a comparison as if the two data items were keys in the
-	 * specified database.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] a The first item to compare
-	 * @param[in] b The second item to compare
-	 * @return < 0 if a < b, 0 if a == b, > 0 if a > b
-	 */
-int  mdb_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b);
-
-	/** @brief Compare two data items according to a particular database.
-	 *
-	 * This returns a comparison as if the two items were data items of
-	 * the specified database. The database must have the #MDB_DUPSORT flag.
-	 * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
-	 * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
-	 * @param[in] a The first item to compare
-	 * @param[in] b The second item to compare
-	 * @return < 0 if a < b, 0 if a == b, > 0 if a > b
-	 */
-int  mdb_dcmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b);
-
-	/** @brief A callback function used to print a message from the library.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] msg The string to be printed.
-	 * @param[in] ctx An arbitrary context pointer for the callback.
-	 * @return < 0 on failure, >= 0 on success.
-	 */
-typedef int (MDB_msg_func)(const char *msg, void *ctx);
-
-	/** @brief Dump the entries in the reader lock table.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[in] func A #MDB_msg_func function
-	 * @param[in] ctx Anything the message function needs
-	 * @return < 0 on failure, >= 0 on success.
-	 */
-int	mdb_reader_list(MDB_env *env, MDB_msg_func *func, void *ctx);
-
-	/** @brief Check for stale entries in the reader lock table.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] env An environment handle returned by #mdb_env_create()
-	 * @param[out] dead Number of stale slots that were cleared
-	 * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
-	 */
-int	mdb_reader_check(MDB_env *env, int *dead);
-/**	@} */
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-/** @page tools LMDB Command Line Tools
-	The following describes the command line tools that are available for LMDB.
-	\li \ref mdb_copy_1
-	\li \ref mdb_dump_1
-	\li \ref mdb_load_1
-	\li \ref mdb_stat_1
-*/
-
-#endif /* _LMDB_H_ */

ext/include/midl.h

@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-/**	@file midl.h
- *	@brief LMDB ID List header file.
- *
- *	This file was originally part of back-bdb but has been
- *	modified for use in libmdb. Most of the macros defined
- *	in this file are unused, just left over from the original.
- *
- *	This file is only used internally in libmdb and its definitions
- *	are not exposed publicly.
- */
-/* $OpenLDAP$ */
-/* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software <http://www.openldap.org/>.
- *
- * Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
- * Portions Copyright 2001-2018 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
- * Public License.
- *
- * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
- * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
- * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
- */
-
-#ifndef _MDB_MIDL_H_
-#define _MDB_MIDL_H_
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-/** @defgroup internal	LMDB Internals
- *	@{
- */
-
-/** @defgroup idls	ID List Management
- *	@{
- */
-	/** A generic unsigned ID number. These were entryIDs in back-bdb.
-	 *	Preferably it should have the same size as a pointer.
-	 */
-typedef size_t MDB_ID;
-
-	/** An IDL is an ID List, a sorted array of IDs. The first
-	 * element of the array is a counter for how many actual
-	 * IDs are in the list. In the original back-bdb code, IDLs are
-	 * sorted in ascending order. For libmdb IDLs are sorted in
-	 * descending order.
-	 */
-typedef MDB_ID *MDB_IDL;
-
-/* IDL sizes - likely should be even bigger
- *   limiting factors: sizeof(ID), thread stack size
- */
-#define	MDB_IDL_LOGN	16	/* DB_SIZE is 2^16, UM_SIZE is 2^17 */
-#define MDB_IDL_DB_SIZE		(1<<MDB_IDL_LOGN)
-#define MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE		(1<<(MDB_IDL_LOGN+1))
-
-#define MDB_IDL_DB_MAX		(MDB_IDL_DB_SIZE-1)
-#define MDB_IDL_UM_MAX		(MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE-1)
-
-#define MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(ids)		(((ids)[0]+1) * sizeof(MDB_ID))
-#define MDB_IDL_IS_ZERO(ids) ( (ids)[0] == 0 )
-#define MDB_IDL_CPY( dst, src ) (memcpy( dst, src, MDB_IDL_SIZEOF( src ) ))
-#define MDB_IDL_FIRST( ids )	( (ids)[1] )
-#define MDB_IDL_LAST( ids )		( (ids)[(ids)[0]] )
-
-	/** Current max length of an #mdb_midl_alloc()ed IDL */
-#define MDB_IDL_ALLOCLEN( ids )	( (ids)[-1] )
-
-	/** Append ID to IDL. The IDL must be big enough. */
-#define mdb_midl_xappend(idl, id) do { \
-		MDB_ID *xidl = (idl), xlen = ++(xidl[0]); \
-		xidl[xlen] = (id); \
-	} while (0)
-
-	/** Search for an ID in an IDL.
-	 * @param[in] ids	The IDL to search.
-	 * @param[in] id	The ID to search for.
-	 * @return	The index of the first ID greater than or equal to \b id.
-	 */
-unsigned mdb_midl_search( MDB_IDL ids, MDB_ID id );
-
-	/** Allocate an IDL.
-	 * Allocates memory for an IDL of the given size.
-	 * @return	IDL on success, NULL on failure.
-	 */
-MDB_IDL mdb_midl_alloc(int num);
-
-	/** Free an IDL.
-	 * @param[in] ids	The IDL to free.
-	 */
-void mdb_midl_free(MDB_IDL ids);
-
-	/** Shrink an IDL.
-	 * Return the IDL to the default size if it has grown larger.
-	 * @param[in,out] idp	Address of the IDL to shrink.
-	 */
-void mdb_midl_shrink(MDB_IDL *idp);
-
-	/** Make room for num additional elements in an IDL.
-	 * @param[in,out] idp	Address of the IDL.
-	 * @param[in] num	Number of elements to make room for.
-	 * @return	0 on success, ENOMEM on failure.
-	 */
-int mdb_midl_need(MDB_IDL *idp, unsigned num);
-
-	/** Append an ID onto an IDL.
-	 * @param[in,out] idp	Address of the IDL to append to.
-	 * @param[in] id	The ID to append.
-	 * @return	0 on success, ENOMEM if the IDL is too large.
-	 */
-int mdb_midl_append( MDB_IDL *idp, MDB_ID id );
-
-	/** Append an IDL onto an IDL.
-	 * @param[in,out] idp	Address of the IDL to append to.
-	 * @param[in] app	The IDL to append.
-	 * @return	0 on success, ENOMEM if the IDL is too large.
-	 */
-int mdb_midl_append_list( MDB_IDL *idp, MDB_IDL app );
-
-	/** Append an ID range onto an IDL.
-	 * @param[in,out] idp	Address of the IDL to append to.
-	 * @param[in] id	The lowest ID to append.
-	 * @param[in] n		Number of IDs to append.
-	 * @return	0 on success, ENOMEM if the IDL is too large.
-	 */
-int mdb_midl_append_range( MDB_IDL *idp, MDB_ID id, unsigned n );
-
-	/** Merge an IDL onto an IDL. The destination IDL must be big enough.
-	 * @param[in] idl	The IDL to merge into.
-	 * @param[in] merge	The IDL to merge.
-	 */
-void mdb_midl_xmerge( MDB_IDL idl, MDB_IDL merge );
-
-	/** Sort an IDL.
-	 * @param[in,out] ids	The IDL to sort.
-	 */
-void mdb_midl_sort( MDB_IDL ids );
-
-	/** An ID2 is an ID/pointer pair.
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_ID2 {
-	MDB_ID mid;		/**< The ID */
-	void *mptr;		/**< The pointer */
-} MDB_ID2;
-
-	/** An ID2L is an ID2 List, a sorted array of ID2s.
-	 * The first element's \b mid member is a count of how many actual
-	 * elements are in the array. The \b mptr member of the first element is unused.
-	 * The array is sorted in ascending order by \b mid.
-	 */
-typedef MDB_ID2 *MDB_ID2L;
-
-	/** Search for an ID in an ID2L.
-	 * @param[in] ids	The ID2L to search.
-	 * @param[in] id	The ID to search for.
-	 * @return	The index of the first ID2 whose \b mid member is greater than or equal to \b id.
-	 */
-unsigned mdb_mid2l_search( MDB_ID2L ids, MDB_ID id );
-
-
-	/** Insert an ID2 into a ID2L.
-	 * @param[in,out] ids	The ID2L to insert into.
-	 * @param[in] id	The ID2 to insert.
-	 * @return	0 on success, -1 if the ID was already present in the ID2L.
-	 */
-int mdb_mid2l_insert( MDB_ID2L ids, MDB_ID2 *id );
-
-	/** Append an ID2 into a ID2L.
-	 * @param[in,out] ids	The ID2L to append into.
-	 * @param[in] id	The ID2 to append.
-	 * @return	0 on success, -2 if the ID2L is too big.
-	 */
-int mdb_mid2l_append( MDB_ID2L ids, MDB_ID2 *id );
-
-/** @} */
-/** @} */
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-#endif	/* _MDB_MIDL_H_ */

ext/include/tpl.h

@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright (c) 2005-2013, Troy D. Hanson     http://troydhanson.github.com/tpl/
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
-    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
-IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
-TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
-PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
-OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
-EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
-PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
-NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
-SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-*/
-
-#ifndef TPL_H
-#define TPL_H 
-
-#include <stddef.h>     /* size_t */
-
-#include <stdarg.h>  /* va_list */
-
-#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
-#include <tbb/tbbmalloc_proxy.h>
-#endif /* Intel Compiler efficient memcpy etc */
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
-#else
-#include <inttypes.h>   /* uint32_t */
-#endif
-
-#if defined __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#ifdef TPL_EXPORTS
-#define TPL_API __declspec(dllexport)
-#else							/*  */
-#ifdef TPL_NOLIB
-#define TPL_API
-#else
-#define TPL_API __declspec(dllimport)
-#endif /* TPL_NOLIB */
-#endif	/* TPL_EXPORTS*/
-#else
-#define TPL_API
-#endif
-
-/* bit flags (external) */
-#define TPL_FILE      (1 << 0)
-#define TPL_MEM       (1 << 1)
-#define TPL_PREALLOCD (1 << 2)
-#define TPL_EXCESS_OK (1 << 3)
-#define TPL_FD        (1 << 4)
-#define TPL_UFREE     (1 << 5)  
-#define TPL_DATAPEEK  (1 << 6)  
-#define TPL_FXLENS    (1 << 7)  
-#define TPL_GETSIZE   (1 << 8)
-/* do not add flags here without renumbering the internal flags! */
-
-/* flags for tpl_gather mode */
-#define TPL_GATHER_BLOCKING    1
-#define TPL_GATHER_NONBLOCKING 2
-#define TPL_GATHER_MEM         3
-
-/* Hooks for error logging, memory allocation functions and fatal */
-typedef int (tpl_print_fcn)(const char *fmt, ...);
-typedef void *(tpl_malloc_fcn)(size_t sz);
-typedef void *(tpl_realloc_fcn)(void *ptr, size_t sz);
-typedef void (tpl_free_fcn)(void *ptr);
-typedef void (tpl_fatal_fcn)(const char *fmt, ...);
-
-typedef struct tpl_hook_t {
-    tpl_print_fcn *oops;
-    tpl_malloc_fcn *malloc;
-    tpl_realloc_fcn *realloc;
-    tpl_free_fcn *free;
-    tpl_fatal_fcn *fatal;
-    size_t gather_max;
-} tpl_hook_t;
-
-typedef struct tpl_node {
-    int type;
-    void *addr;
-    void *data;                  /* r:tpl_root_data*. A:tpl_atyp*. ow:szof type */
-    int num;                     /* length of type if its a C array */
-    size_t ser_osz;              /* serialization output size for subtree */
-    struct tpl_node *children;   /* my children; linked-list */
-    struct tpl_node *next,*prev; /* my siblings (next child of my parent) */
-    struct tpl_node *parent;     /* my parent */
-} tpl_node;
-
-/* used when un/packing 'B' type (binary buffers) */
-typedef struct tpl_bin {
-    void *addr;
-    uint32_t sz;
-} tpl_bin;
-
-/* for async/piecemeal reading of tpl images */
-typedef struct tpl_gather_t {
-    char *img;
-    int len;
-} tpl_gather_t;
-
-/* Callback used when tpl_gather has read a full tpl image */
-typedef int (tpl_gather_cb)(void *img, size_t sz, void *data);
-
-/* Prototypes */
-TPL_API tpl_node *tpl_map(char *fmt,...);       /* define tpl using format */
-TPL_API void tpl_free(tpl_node *r);             /* free a tpl map */
-TPL_API int tpl_pack(tpl_node *r, int i);       /* pack the n'th packable */
-TPL_API int tpl_unpack(tpl_node *r, int i);     /* unpack the n'th packable */
-TPL_API int tpl_dump(tpl_node *r, int mode, ...); /* serialize to mem/file */
-TPL_API int tpl_load(tpl_node *r, int mode, ...); /* set mem/file to unpack */
-TPL_API int tpl_Alen(tpl_node *r, int i);      /* array len of packable i */
-TPL_API char* tpl_peek(int mode, ...);         /* sneak peek at format string */
-TPL_API int tpl_gather( int mode, ...);        /* non-blocking image gather */
-TPL_API int tpl_jot(int mode, ...);            /* quick write a simple tpl */
-
-TPL_API tpl_node *tpl_map_va(char *fmt, va_list ap);
-
-#if defined __cplusplus
-    }
-#endif
-
-#endif /* TPL_H */
-

ext/lib/mdb.c

@@ -1,10266 +0,0 @@
-/** @file mdb.c
- *	@brief Lightning memory-mapped database library
- *
- *	A Btree-based database management library modeled loosely on the
- *	BerkeleyDB API, but much simplified.
- */
-/*
- * Copyright 2011-2018 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
- * Public License.
- *
- * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
- * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
- * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
- *
- * This code is derived from btree.c written by Martin Hedenfalk.
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 Martin Hedenfalk <martin@bzero.se>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-#if defined(__WIN64__)
-#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS	64
-#endif
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#include <malloc.h>
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <wchar.h>				/* get wcscpy() */
-
-/** getpid() returns int; MinGW defines pid_t but MinGW64 typedefs it
- *  as int64 which is wrong. MSVC doesn't define it at all, so just
- *  don't use it.
- */
-#define MDB_PID_T	int
-#define MDB_THR_T	DWORD
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-# include <sys/param.h>
-#else
-# define LITTLE_ENDIAN	1234
-# define BIG_ENDIAN	4321
-# define BYTE_ORDER	LITTLE_ENDIAN
-# ifndef SSIZE_MAX
-#  define SSIZE_MAX	INT_MAX
-# endif
-#endif
-#else
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#define MDB_PID_T	pid_t
-#define MDB_THR_T	pthread_t
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/uio.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
-#include <sys/file.h>
-#endif
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__mips) && defined(__linux)
-/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, requires explicit cache control */
-#include <asm/cachectl.h>
-extern int cacheflush(char *addr, int nbytes, int cache);
-#define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)	cacheflush(addr, bytes, cache)
-#else
-#define CACHEFLUSH(addr, bytes, cache)
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__linux) && !defined(MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS)
-/** fdatasync is broken on ext3/ext4fs on older kernels, see
- *	description in #mdb_env_open2 comments. You can safely
- *	define MDB_FDATASYNC_WORKS if this code will only be run
- *	on kernels 3.6 and newer.
- */
-#define	BROKEN_FDATASYNC
-#endif
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#include <io.h>
-typedef SSIZE_T	ssize_t;
-#else
-#include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__sun) || defined(ANDROID)
-/* Most platforms have posix_memalign, older may only have memalign */
-#define HAVE_MEMALIGN	1
-#include <malloc.h>
-/* On Solaris, we need the POSIX sigwait function */
-#if defined (__sun)
-# define _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS	1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if !(defined(BYTE_ORDER) || defined(__BYTE_ORDER))
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <resolv.h>	/* defines BYTE_ORDER on HPUX and Solaris */
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined (BSD) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__)
-# define MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM	1
-# define MDB_FDATASYNC		fsync
-#elif defined(ANDROID)
-# define MDB_FDATASYNC		fsync
-#endif
-
-#ifndef _WIN32
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
-# define MDB_USE_HASH		1
-#include <semaphore.h>
-#else
-#define MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	1
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) + defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM) \
-	+ defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) != 1
-# error "Ambiguous shared-lock implementation"
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_VALGRIND
-#include <valgrind/memcheck.h>
-#define VGMEMP_CREATE(h,r,z)    VALGRIND_CREATE_MEMPOOL(h,r,z)
-#define VGMEMP_ALLOC(h,a,s) VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_ALLOC(h,a,s)
-#define VGMEMP_FREE(h,a) VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_FREE(h,a)
-#define VGMEMP_DESTROY(h)	VALGRIND_DESTROY_MEMPOOL(h)
-#define VGMEMP_DEFINED(a,s)	VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(a,s)
-#else
-#define VGMEMP_CREATE(h,r,z)
-#define VGMEMP_ALLOC(h,a,s)
-#define VGMEMP_FREE(h,a)
-#define VGMEMP_DESTROY(h)
-#define VGMEMP_DEFINED(a,s)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BYTE_ORDER
-# if (defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) || defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)) && !(defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(_BIG_ENDIAN))
-/* Solaris just defines one or the other */
-#  define LITTLE_ENDIAN	1234
-#  define BIG_ENDIAN	4321
-#  ifdef _LITTLE_ENDIAN
-#   define BYTE_ORDER  LITTLE_ENDIAN
-#  else
-#   define BYTE_ORDER  BIG_ENDIAN
-#  endif
-# else
-#  define BYTE_ORDER   __BYTE_ORDER
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
-#define LITTLE_ENDIAN	__LITTLE_ENDIAN
-#endif
-#ifndef BIG_ENDIAN
-#define BIG_ENDIAN	__BIG_ENDIAN
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_IX86)
-#define MISALIGNED_OK	1
-#endif
-
-#include "lmdb.h"
-#include "midl.h"
-
-#if (BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN) == (BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN)
-# error "Unknown or unsupported endianness (BYTE_ORDER)"
-#elif (-6 & 5) || CHAR_BIT != 8 || UINT_MAX < 0xffffffff || ULONG_MAX % 0xFFFF
-# error "Two's complement, reasonably sized integer types, please"
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-/** Put infrequently used env functions in separate section */
-# ifdef __APPLE__
-#  define	ESECT	__attribute__ ((section("__TEXT,text_env")))
-# else
-#  define	ESECT	__attribute__ ((section("text_env")))
-# endif
-#else
-#define ESECT
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#define CALL_CONV WINAPI
-#else
-#define CALL_CONV
-#endif
-
-/** @defgroup internal	LMDB Internals
- *	@{
- */
-/** @defgroup compat	Compatibility Macros
- *	A bunch of macros to minimize the amount of platform-specific ifdefs
- *	needed throughout the rest of the code. When the features this library
- *	needs are similar enough to POSIX to be hidden in a one-or-two line
- *	replacement, this macro approach is used.
- *	@{
- */
-
-	/** Features under development */
-#ifndef MDB_DEVEL
-#define MDB_DEVEL 0
-#endif
-
-	/** Wrapper around __func__, which is a C99 feature */
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
-# define mdb_func_	__func__
-#elif __GNUC__ >= 2 || _MSC_VER >= 1300
-# define mdb_func_	__FUNCTION__
-#else
-/* If a debug message says <mdb_unknown>(), update the #if statements above */
-# define mdb_func_	"<mdb_unknown>"
-#endif
-
-/* Internal error codes, not exposed outside liblmdb */
-#define	MDB_NO_ROOT		(MDB_LAST_ERRCODE + 10)
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#define MDB_OWNERDEAD	((int) WAIT_ABANDONED)
-#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && defined(EOWNERDEAD)
-#define MDB_OWNERDEAD	EOWNERDEAD	/**< #LOCK_MUTEX0() result if dead owner */
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __GLIBC__
-#define	GLIBC_VER	((__GLIBC__ << 16 )| __GLIBC_MINOR__)
-#endif
-/** Some platforms define the EOWNERDEAD error code
- * even though they don't support Robust Mutexes.
- * Compile with -DMDB_USE_ROBUST=0, or use some other
- * mechanism like -DMDB_USE_POSIX_SEM instead of
- * -DMDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX.
- * (Posix semaphores are not robust.)
- */
-#ifndef MDB_USE_ROBUST
-/* Android currently lacks Robust Mutex support. So does glibc < 2.4. */
-# if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && (defined(ANDROID) || \
-	(defined(__GLIBC__) && GLIBC_VER < 0x020004))
-#  define MDB_USE_ROBUST	0
-# else
-#  define MDB_USE_ROBUST	1
-# endif
-#endif /* !MDB_USE_ROBUST */
-
-#if defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX) && (MDB_USE_ROBUST)
-/* glibc < 2.12 only provided _np API */
-#  if (defined(__GLIBC__) && GLIBC_VER < 0x02000c) || \
-	(defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP) && !defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST))
-#   define PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST	PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP
-#   define pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(attr, flag)	pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np(attr, flag)
-#   define pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex)	pthread_mutex_consistent_np(mutex)
-#  endif
-#endif /* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX && MDB_USE_ROBUST */
-
-#if defined(MDB_OWNERDEAD) && (MDB_USE_ROBUST)
-#define MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED	1
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#define MDB_USE_HASH	1
-#define MDB_PIDLOCK	0
-#define THREAD_RET	DWORD
-#define pthread_t	HANDLE
-#define pthread_mutex_t	HANDLE
-#define pthread_cond_t	HANDLE
-typedef HANDLE mdb_mutex_t, mdb_mutexref_t;
-#define pthread_key_t	DWORD
-#define pthread_self()	GetCurrentThreadId()
-#define pthread_key_create(x,y)	\
-	((*(x) = TlsAlloc()) == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES ? ErrCode() : 0)
-#define pthread_key_delete(x)	TlsFree(x)
-#define pthread_getspecific(x)	TlsGetValue(x)
-#define pthread_setspecific(x,y)	(TlsSetValue(x,y) ? 0 : ErrCode())
-#define pthread_mutex_unlock(x)	ReleaseMutex(*x)
-#define pthread_mutex_lock(x)	WaitForSingleObject(*x, INFINITE)
-#define pthread_cond_signal(x)	SetEvent(*x)
-#define pthread_cond_wait(cond,mutex)	do{SignalObjectAndWait(*mutex, *cond, INFINITE, FALSE); WaitForSingleObject(*mutex, INFINITE);}while(0)
-#define THREAD_CREATE(thr,start,arg) \
-	(((thr) = CreateThread(NULL, 0, start, arg, 0, NULL)) ? 0 : ErrCode())
-#define THREAD_FINISH(thr) \
-	(WaitForSingleObject(thr, INFINITE) ? ErrCode() : 0)
-#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		WaitForSingleObject(mutex, INFINITE)
-#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		ReleaseMutex(mutex)
-#define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	0
-#define getpid()	GetCurrentProcessId()
-#define	MDB_FDATASYNC(fd)	(!FlushFileBuffers(fd))
-#define	MDB_MSYNC(addr,len,flags)	(!FlushViewOfFile(addr,len))
-#define	ErrCode()	GetLastError()
-#define GET_PAGESIZE(x) {SYSTEM_INFO si; GetSystemInfo(&si); (x) = si.dwPageSize;}
-#define	close(fd)	(CloseHandle(fd) ? 0 : -1)
-#define	munmap(ptr,len)	UnmapViewOfFile(ptr)
-#ifdef PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
-#define MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
-#else
-#define MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION 0x1000
-#endif
-#define	Z	"I"
-#else
-#define THREAD_RET	void *
-#define THREAD_CREATE(thr,start,arg)	pthread_create(&thr,NULL,start,arg)
-#define THREAD_FINISH(thr)	pthread_join(thr,NULL)
-#define	Z	"z"			/**< printf format modifier for size_t */
-
-	/** For MDB_LOCK_FORMAT: True if readers take a pid lock in the lockfile */
-#define MDB_PIDLOCK			1
-
-#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
-
-typedef sem_t *mdb_mutex_t, *mdb_mutexref_t;
-#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)		mdb_sem_wait(mutex)
-#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)		sem_post(mutex)
-
-static int
-mdb_sem_wait(sem_t *sem)
-{
-   int rc;
-   while ((rc = sem_wait(sem)) && (rc = errno) == EINTR) ;
-   return rc;
-}
-
-#else	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX: */
-	/** Shared mutex/semaphore as the original is stored.
-	 *
-	 *	Not for copies.  Instead it can be assigned to an #mdb_mutexref_t.
-	 *	When mdb_mutexref_t is a pointer and mdb_mutex_t is not, then it
-	 *	is array[size 1] so it can be assigned to the pointer.
-	 */
-typedef pthread_mutex_t mdb_mutex_t[1];
-	/** Reference to an #mdb_mutex_t */
-typedef pthread_mutex_t *mdb_mutexref_t;
-	/** Lock the reader or writer mutex.
-	 *	Returns 0 or a code to give #mdb_mutex_failed(), as in #LOCK_MUTEX().
-	 */
-#define LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)	pthread_mutex_lock(mutex)
-	/** Unlock the reader or writer mutex.
-	 */
-#define UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex)	pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex)
-	/** Mark mutex-protected data as repaired, after death of previous owner.
-	 */
-#define mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex)	pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex)
-#endif	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM */
-
-	/** Get the error code for the last failed system function.
-	 */
-#define	ErrCode()	errno
-
-	/** An abstraction for a file handle.
-	 *	On POSIX systems file handles are small integers. On Windows
-	 *	they're opaque pointers.
-	 */
-#define	HANDLE	int
-
-	/**	A value for an invalid file handle.
-	 *	Mainly used to initialize file variables and signify that they are
-	 *	unused.
-	 */
-#define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE	(-1)
-
-	/** Get the size of a memory page for the system.
-	 *	This is the basic size that the platform's memory manager uses, and is
-	 *	fundamental to the use of memory-mapped files.
-	 */
-#define	GET_PAGESIZE(x)	((x) = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
-#define MNAME_LEN	32
-#else
-#define MNAME_LEN	(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t))
-#endif
-
-/** @} */
-
-#ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
-	/** Lock mutex, handle any error, set rc = result.
-	 *	Return 0 on success, nonzero (not rc) on error.
-	 */
-#define LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, mutex) \
-	(((rc) = LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex)) && \
-	 ((rc) = mdb_mutex_failed(env, mutex, rc)))
-static int mdb_mutex_failed(MDB_env *env, mdb_mutexref_t mutex, int rc);
-#else
-#define LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, mutex) ((rc) = LOCK_MUTEX0(mutex))
-#define mdb_mutex_failed(env, mutex, rc) (rc)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef _WIN32
-/**	A flag for opening a file and requesting synchronous data writes.
- *	This is only used when writing a meta page. It's not strictly needed;
- *	we could just do a normal write and then immediately perform a flush.
- *	But if this flag is available it saves us an extra system call.
- *
- *	@note If O_DSYNC is undefined but exists in /usr/include,
- * preferably set some compiler flag to get the definition.
- */
-#ifndef MDB_DSYNC
-# ifdef O_DSYNC
-# define MDB_DSYNC	O_DSYNC
-# else
-# define MDB_DSYNC	O_SYNC
-# endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/** Function for flushing the data of a file. Define this to fsync
- *	if fdatasync() is not supported.
- */
-#ifndef MDB_FDATASYNC
-# define MDB_FDATASYNC	fdatasync
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MDB_MSYNC
-# define MDB_MSYNC(addr,len,flags)	msync(addr,len,flags)
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MS_SYNC
-#define	MS_SYNC	1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MS_ASYNC
-#define	MS_ASYNC	0
-#endif
-
-	/** A page number in the database.
-	 *	Note that 64 bit page numbers are overkill, since pages themselves
-	 *	already represent 12-13 bits of addressable memory, and the OS will
-	 *	always limit applications to a maximum of 63 bits of address space.
-	 *
-	 *	@note In the #MDB_node structure, we only store 48 bits of this value,
-	 *	which thus limits us to only 60 bits of addressable data.
-	 */
-typedef MDB_ID	pgno_t;
-
-	/** A transaction ID.
-	 *	See struct MDB_txn.mt_txnid for details.
-	 */
-typedef MDB_ID	txnid_t;
-
-/** @defgroup debug	Debug Macros
- *	@{
- */
-#ifndef MDB_DEBUG
-	/**	Enable debug output.  Needs variable argument macros (a C99 feature).
-	 *	Set this to 1 for copious tracing. Set to 2 to add dumps of all IDLs
-	 *	read from and written to the database (used for free space management).
-	 */
-#define MDB_DEBUG 0
-#endif
-
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-static int mdb_debug;
-static txnid_t mdb_debug_start;
-
-	/**	Print a debug message with printf formatting.
-	 *	Requires double parenthesis around 2 or more args.
-	 */
-# define DPRINTF(args) ((void) ((mdb_debug) && DPRINTF0 args))
-# define DPRINTF0(fmt, ...) \
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d " fmt "\n", mdb_func_, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
-#else
-# define DPRINTF(args)	((void) 0)
-#endif
-	/**	Print a debug string.
-	 *	The string is printed literally, with no format processing.
-	 */
-#define DPUTS(arg)	DPRINTF(("%s", arg))
-	/** Debuging output value of a cursor DBI: Negative in a sub-cursor. */
-#define DDBI(mc) \
-	(((mc)->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? -(int)(mc)->mc_dbi : (int)(mc)->mc_dbi)
-/** @} */
-
-	/**	@brief The maximum size of a database page.
-	 *
-	 *	It is 32k or 64k, since value-PAGEBASE must fit in
-	 *	#MDB_page.%mp_upper.
-	 *
-	 *	LMDB will use database pages < OS pages if needed.
-	 *	That causes more I/O in write transactions: The OS must
-	 *	know (read) the whole page before writing a partial page.
-	 *
-	 *	Note that we don't currently support Huge pages. On Linux,
-	 *	regular data files cannot use Huge pages, and in general
-	 *	Huge pages aren't actually pageable. We rely on the OS
-	 *	demand-pager to read our data and page it out when memory
-	 *	pressure from other processes is high. So until OSs have
-	 *	actual paging support for Huge pages, they're not viable.
-	 */
-#define MAX_PAGESIZE	 (PAGEBASE ? 0x10000 : 0x8000)
-
-	/** The minimum number of keys required in a database page.
-	 *	Setting this to a larger value will place a smaller bound on the
-	 *	maximum size of a data item. Data items larger than this size will
-	 *	be pushed into overflow pages instead of being stored directly in
-	 *	the B-tree node. This value used to default to 4. With a page size
-	 *	of 4096 bytes that meant that any item larger than 1024 bytes would
-	 *	go into an overflow page. That also meant that on average 2-3KB of
-	 *	each overflow page was wasted space. The value cannot be lower than
-	 *	2 because then there would no longer be a tree structure. With this
-	 *	value, items larger than 2KB will go into overflow pages, and on
-	 *	average only 1KB will be wasted.
-	 */
-#define MDB_MINKEYS	 2
-
-	/**	A stamp that identifies a file as an LMDB file.
-	 *	There's nothing special about this value other than that it is easily
-	 *	recognizable, and it will reflect any byte order mismatches.
-	 */
-#define MDB_MAGIC	 0xBEEFC0DE
-
-	/**	The version number for a database's datafile format. */
-#define MDB_DATA_VERSION	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 999 : 1)
-	/**	The version number for a database's lockfile format. */
-#define MDB_LOCK_VERSION	 1
-
-	/**	@brief The max size of a key we can write, or 0 for computed max.
-	 *
-	 *	This macro should normally be left alone or set to 0.
-	 *	Note that a database with big keys or dupsort data cannot be
-	 *	reliably modified by a liblmdb which uses a smaller max.
-	 *	The default is 511 for backwards compat, or 0 when #MDB_DEVEL.
-	 *
-	 *	Other values are allowed, for backwards compat.  However:
-	 *	A value bigger than the computed max can break if you do not
-	 *	know what you are doing, and liblmdb <= 0.9.10 can break when
-	 *	modifying a DB with keys/dupsort data bigger than its max.
-	 *
-	 *	Data items in an #MDB_DUPSORT database are also limited to
-	 *	this size, since they're actually keys of a sub-DB.  Keys and
-	 *	#MDB_DUPSORT data items must fit on a node in a regular page.
-	 */
-#ifndef MDB_MAXKEYSIZE
-#define MDB_MAXKEYSIZE	 ((MDB_DEVEL) ? 0 : 511)
-#endif
-
-	/**	The maximum size of a key we can write to the environment. */
-#if MDB_MAXKEYSIZE
-#define ENV_MAXKEY(env)	(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
-#else
-#define ENV_MAXKEY(env)	((env)->me_maxkey)
-#endif
-
-	/**	@brief The maximum size of a data item.
-	 *
-	 *	We only store a 32 bit value for node sizes.
-	 */
-#define MAXDATASIZE	0xffffffffUL
-
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-	/**	Key size which fits in a #DKBUF.
-	 *	@ingroup debug
-	 */
-#define DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE ((MDB_MAXKEYSIZE) > 0 ? (MDB_MAXKEYSIZE) : 511)
-	/**	A key buffer.
-	 *	@ingroup debug
-	 *	This is used for printing a hex dump of a key's contents.
-	 */
-#define DKBUF	char kbuf[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1]
-	/**	Display a key in hex.
-	 *	@ingroup debug
-	 *	Invoke a function to display a key in hex.
-	 */
-#define	DKEY(x)	mdb_dkey(x, kbuf)
-#else
-#define	DKBUF
-#define DKEY(x)	0
-#endif
-
-	/** An invalid page number.
-	 *	Mainly used to denote an empty tree.
-	 */
-#define P_INVALID	 (~(pgno_t)0)
-
-	/** Test if the flags \b f are set in a flag word \b w. */
-#define F_ISSET(w, f)	 (((w) & (f)) == (f))
-
-	/** Round \b n up to an even number. */
-#define EVEN(n)		(((n) + 1U) & -2) /* sign-extending -2 to match n+1U */
-
-	/**	Used for offsets within a single page.
-	 *	Since memory pages are typically 4 or 8KB in size, 12-13 bits,
-	 *	this is plenty.
-	 */
-typedef uint16_t	 indx_t;
-
-	/**	Default size of memory map.
-	 *	This is certainly too small for any actual applications. Apps should always set
-	 *	the size explicitly using #mdb_env_set_mapsize().
-	 */
-#define DEFAULT_MAPSIZE	1048576
-
-/**	@defgroup readers	Reader Lock Table
- *	Readers don't acquire any locks for their data access. Instead, they
- *	simply record their transaction ID in the reader table. The reader
- *	mutex is needed just to find an empty slot in the reader table. The
- *	slot's address is saved in thread-specific data so that subsequent read
- *	transactions started by the same thread need no further locking to proceed.
- *
- *	If #MDB_NOTLS is set, the slot address is not saved in thread-specific data.
- *
- *	No reader table is used if the database is on a read-only filesystem, or
- *	if #MDB_NOLOCK is set.
- *
- *	Since the database uses multi-version concurrency control, readers don't
- *	actually need any locking. This table is used to keep track of which
- *	readers are using data from which old transactions, so that we'll know
- *	when a particular old transaction is no longer in use. Old transactions
- *	that have discarded any data pages can then have those pages reclaimed
- *	for use by a later write transaction.
- *
- *	The lock table is constructed such that reader slots are aligned with the
- *	processor's cache line size. Any slot is only ever used by one thread.
- *	This alignment guarantees that there will be no contention or cache
- *	thrashing as threads update their own slot info, and also eliminates
- *	any need for locking when accessing a slot.
- *
- *	A writer thread will scan every slot in the table to determine the oldest
- *	outstanding reader transaction. Any freed pages older than this will be
- *	reclaimed by the writer. The writer doesn't use any locks when scanning
- *	this table. This means that there's no guarantee that the writer will
- *	see the most up-to-date reader info, but that's not required for correct
- *	operation - all we need is to know the upper bound on the oldest reader,
- *	we don't care at all about the newest reader. So the only consequence of
- *	reading stale information here is that old pages might hang around a
- *	while longer before being reclaimed. That's actually good anyway, because
- *	the longer we delay reclaiming old pages, the more likely it is that a
- *	string of contiguous pages can be found after coalescing old pages from
- *	many old transactions together.
- *	@{
- */
-	/**	Number of slots in the reader table.
-	 *	This value was chosen somewhat arbitrarily. 126 readers plus a
-	 *	couple mutexes fit exactly into 8KB on my development machine.
-	 *	Applications should set the table size using #mdb_env_set_maxreaders().
-	 */
-#define DEFAULT_READERS	126
-
-	/**	The size of a CPU cache line in bytes. We want our lock structures
-	 *	aligned to this size to avoid false cache line sharing in the
-	 *	lock table.
-	 *	This value works for most CPUs. For Itanium this should be 128.
-	 */
-#ifndef CACHELINE
-#define CACHELINE	64
-#endif
-
-	/**	The information we store in a single slot of the reader table.
-	 *	In addition to a transaction ID, we also record the process and
-	 *	thread ID that owns a slot, so that we can detect stale information,
-	 *	e.g. threads or processes that went away without cleaning up.
-	 *	@note We currently don't check for stale records. We simply re-init
-	 *	the table when we know that we're the only process opening the
-	 *	lock file.
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_rxbody {
-	/**	Current Transaction ID when this transaction began, or (txnid_t)-1.
-	 *	Multiple readers that start at the same time will probably have the
-	 *	same ID here. Again, it's not important to exclude them from
-	 *	anything; all we need to know is which version of the DB they
-	 *	started from so we can avoid overwriting any data used in that
-	 *	particular version.
-	 */
-	volatile txnid_t		mrb_txnid;
-	/** The process ID of the process owning this reader txn. */
-	volatile MDB_PID_T	mrb_pid;
-	/** The thread ID of the thread owning this txn. */
-	volatile MDB_THR_T	mrb_tid;
-} MDB_rxbody;
-
-	/** The actual reader record, with cacheline padding. */
-typedef struct MDB_reader {
-	union {
-		MDB_rxbody mrx;
-		/** shorthand for mrb_txnid */
-#define	mr_txnid	mru.mrx.mrb_txnid
-#define	mr_pid	mru.mrx.mrb_pid
-#define	mr_tid	mru.mrx.mrb_tid
-		/** cache line alignment */
-		char pad[(sizeof(MDB_rxbody)+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
-	} mru;
-} MDB_reader;
-
-	/** The header for the reader table.
-	 *	The table resides in a memory-mapped file. (This is a different file
-	 *	than is used for the main database.)
-	 *
-	 *	For POSIX the actual mutexes reside in the shared memory of this
-	 *	mapped file. On Windows, mutexes are named objects allocated by the
-	 *	kernel; we store the mutex names in this mapped file so that other
-	 *	processes can grab them. This same approach is also used on
-	 *	MacOSX/Darwin (using named semaphores) since MacOSX doesn't support
-	 *	process-shared POSIX mutexes. For these cases where a named object
-	 *	is used, the object name is derived from a 64 bit FNV hash of the
-	 *	environment pathname. As such, naming collisions are extremely
-	 *	unlikely. If a collision occurs, the results are unpredictable.
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_txbody {
-		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
-		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
-	uint32_t	mtb_magic;
-		/** Format of this lock file. Must be set to #MDB_LOCK_FORMAT. */
-	uint32_t	mtb_format;
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
-	char	mtb_rmname[MNAME_LEN];
-#else
-		/** Mutex protecting access to this table.
-		 *	This is the reader table lock used with LOCK_MUTEX().
-		 */
-	mdb_mutex_t	mtb_rmutex;
-#endif
-		/**	The ID of the last transaction committed to the database.
-		 *	This is recorded here only for convenience; the value can always
-		 *	be determined by reading the main database meta pages.
-		 */
-	volatile txnid_t		mtb_txnid;
-		/** The number of slots that have been used in the reader table.
-		 *	This always records the maximum count, it is not decremented
-		 *	when readers release their slots.
-		 */
-	volatile unsigned	mtb_numreaders;
-} MDB_txbody;
-
-	/** The actual reader table definition. */
-typedef struct MDB_txninfo {
-	union {
-		MDB_txbody mtb;
-#define mti_magic	mt1.mtb.mtb_magic
-#define mti_format	mt1.mtb.mtb_format
-#define mti_rmutex	mt1.mtb.mtb_rmutex
-#define mti_rmname	mt1.mtb.mtb_rmname
-#define mti_txnid	mt1.mtb.mtb_txnid
-#define mti_numreaders	mt1.mtb.mtb_numreaders
-		char pad[(sizeof(MDB_txbody)+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
-	} mt1;
-	union {
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
-		char mt2_wmname[MNAME_LEN];
-#define	mti_wmname	mt2.mt2_wmname
-#else
-		mdb_mutex_t	mt2_wmutex;
-#define mti_wmutex	mt2.mt2_wmutex
-#endif
-		char pad[(MNAME_LEN+CACHELINE-1) & ~(CACHELINE-1)];
-	} mt2;
-	MDB_reader	mti_readers[1];
-} MDB_txninfo;
-
-	/** Lockfile format signature: version, features and field layout */
-#define MDB_LOCK_FORMAT \
-	((uint32_t) \
-	 ((MDB_LOCK_VERSION) \
-	  /* Flags which describe functionality */ \
-	  + (((MDB_PIDLOCK) != 0) << 16)))
-/** @} */
-
-/** Common header for all page types. The page type depends on #mp_flags.
- *
- * #P_BRANCH and #P_LEAF pages have unsorted '#MDB_node's at the end, with
- * sorted #mp_ptrs[] entries referring to them. Exception: #P_LEAF2 pages
- * omit mp_ptrs and pack sorted #MDB_DUPFIXED values after the page header.
- *
- * #P_OVERFLOW records occupy one or more contiguous pages where only the
- * first has a page header. They hold the real data of #F_BIGDATA nodes.
- *
- * #P_SUBP sub-pages are small leaf "pages" with duplicate data.
- * A node with flag #F_DUPDATA but not #F_SUBDATA contains a sub-page.
- * (Duplicate data can also go in sub-databases, which use normal pages.)
- *
- * #P_META pages contain #MDB_meta, the start point of an LMDB snapshot.
- *
- * Each non-metapage up to #MDB_meta.%mm_last_pg is reachable exactly once
- * in the snapshot: Either used by a database or listed in a freeDB record.
- */
-typedef struct MDB_page {
-#define	mp_pgno	mp_p.p_pgno
-#define	mp_next	mp_p.p_next
-	union {
-		pgno_t		p_pgno;	/**< page number */
-		struct MDB_page *p_next; /**< for in-memory list of freed pages */
-	} mp_p;
-	uint16_t	mp_pad;			/**< key size if this is a LEAF2 page */
-/**	@defgroup mdb_page	Page Flags
- *	@ingroup internal
- *	Flags for the page headers.
- *	@{
- */
-#define	P_BRANCH	 0x01		/**< branch page */
-#define	P_LEAF		 0x02		/**< leaf page */
-#define	P_OVERFLOW	 0x04		/**< overflow page */
-#define	P_META		 0x08		/**< meta page */
-#define	P_DIRTY		 0x10		/**< dirty page, also set for #P_SUBP pages */
-#define	P_LEAF2		 0x20		/**< for #MDB_DUPFIXED records */
-#define	P_SUBP		 0x40		/**< for #MDB_DUPSORT sub-pages */
-#define	P_LOOSE		 0x4000		/**< page was dirtied then freed, can be reused */
-#define	P_KEEP		 0x8000		/**< leave this page alone during spill */
-/** @} */
-	uint16_t	mp_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_page */
-#define mp_lower	mp_pb.pb.pb_lower
-#define mp_upper	mp_pb.pb.pb_upper
-#define mp_pages	mp_pb.pb_pages
-	union {
-		struct {
-			indx_t		pb_lower;		/**< lower bound of free space */
-			indx_t		pb_upper;		/**< upper bound of free space */
-		} pb;
-		uint32_t	pb_pages;	/**< number of overflow pages */
-	} mp_pb;
-	indx_t		mp_ptrs[1];		/**< dynamic size */
-} MDB_page;
-
-	/** Size of the page header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
-#define PAGEHDRSZ	 ((unsigned) offsetof(MDB_page, mp_ptrs))
-
-	/** Address of first usable data byte in a page, after the header */
-#define METADATA(p)	 ((void *)((char *)(p) + PAGEHDRSZ))
-
-	/** ITS#7713, change PAGEBASE to handle 65536 byte pages */
-#define	PAGEBASE	((MDB_DEVEL) ? PAGEHDRSZ : 0)
-
-	/** Number of nodes on a page */
-#define NUMKEYS(p)	 (((p)->mp_lower - (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE)) >> 1)
-
-	/** The amount of space remaining in the page */
-#define SIZELEFT(p)	 (indx_t)((p)->mp_upper - (p)->mp_lower)
-
-	/** The percentage of space used in the page, in tenths of a percent. */
-#define PAGEFILL(env, p) (1000L * ((env)->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ - SIZELEFT(p)) / \
-				((env)->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ))
-	/** The minimum page fill factor, in tenths of a percent.
-	 *	Pages emptier than this are candidates for merging.
-	 */
-#define FILL_THRESHOLD	 250
-
-	/** Test if a page is a leaf page */
-#define IS_LEAF(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_LEAF)
-	/** Test if a page is a LEAF2 page */
-#define IS_LEAF2(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_LEAF2)
-	/** Test if a page is a branch page */
-#define IS_BRANCH(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_BRANCH)
-	/** Test if a page is an overflow page */
-#define IS_OVERFLOW(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_OVERFLOW)
-	/** Test if a page is a sub page */
-#define IS_SUBP(p)	 F_ISSET((p)->mp_flags, P_SUBP)
-
-	/** The number of overflow pages needed to store the given size. */
-#define OVPAGES(size, psize)	((PAGEHDRSZ-1 + (size)) / (psize) + 1)
-
-	/** Link in #MDB_txn.%mt_loose_pgs list.
-	 *  Kept outside the page header, which is needed when reusing the page.
-	 */
-#define NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(p)		(*(MDB_page **)((p) + 2))
-
-	/** Header for a single key/data pair within a page.
-	 * Used in pages of type #P_BRANCH and #P_LEAF without #P_LEAF2.
-	 * We guarantee 2-byte alignment for 'MDB_node's.
-	 *
-	 * #mn_lo and #mn_hi are used for data size on leaf nodes, and for child
-	 * pgno on branch nodes.  On 64 bit platforms, #mn_flags is also used
-	 * for pgno.  (Branch nodes have no flags).  Lo and hi are in host byte
-	 * order in case some accesses can be optimized to 32-bit word access.
-	 *
-	 * Leaf node flags describe node contents.  #F_BIGDATA says the node's
-	 * data part is the page number of an overflow page with actual data.
-	 * #F_DUPDATA and #F_SUBDATA can be combined giving duplicate data in
-	 * a sub-page/sub-database, and named databases (just #F_SUBDATA).
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_node {
-	/** part of data size or pgno
-	 *	@{ */
-#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
-	unsigned short	mn_lo, mn_hi;
-#else
-	unsigned short	mn_hi, mn_lo;
-#endif
-	/** @} */
-/** @defgroup mdb_node Node Flags
- *	@ingroup internal
- *	Flags for node headers.
- *	@{
- */
-#define F_BIGDATA	 0x01			/**< data put on overflow page */
-#define F_SUBDATA	 0x02			/**< data is a sub-database */
-#define F_DUPDATA	 0x04			/**< data has duplicates */
-
-/** valid flags for #mdb_node_add() */
-#define	NODE_ADD_FLAGS	(F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA|MDB_RESERVE|MDB_APPEND)
-
-/** @} */
-	unsigned short	mn_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_node */
-	unsigned short	mn_ksize;		/**< key size */
-	char		mn_data[1];			/**< key and data are appended here */
-} MDB_node;
-
-	/** Size of the node header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
-#define NODESIZE	 offsetof(MDB_node, mn_data)
-
-	/** Bit position of top word in page number, for shifting mn_flags */
-#define PGNO_TOPWORD ((pgno_t)-1 > 0xffffffffu ? 32 : 0)
-
-	/** Size of a node in a branch page with a given key.
-	 *	This is just the node header plus the key, there is no data.
-	 */
-#define INDXSIZE(k)	 (NODESIZE + ((k) == NULL ? 0 : (k)->mv_size))
-
-	/** Size of a node in a leaf page with a given key and data.
-	 *	This is node header plus key plus data size.
-	 */
-#define LEAFSIZE(k, d)	 (NODESIZE + (k)->mv_size + (d)->mv_size)
-
-	/** Address of node \b i in page \b p */
-#define NODEPTR(p, i)	 ((MDB_node *)((char *)(p) + (p)->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE))
-
-	/** Address of the key for the node */
-#define NODEKEY(node)	 (void *)((node)->mn_data)
-
-	/** Address of the data for a node */
-#define NODEDATA(node)	 (void *)((char *)(node)->mn_data + (node)->mn_ksize)
-
-	/** Get the page number pointed to by a branch node */
-#define NODEPGNO(node) \
-	((node)->mn_lo | ((pgno_t) (node)->mn_hi << 16) | \
-	 (PGNO_TOPWORD ? ((pgno_t) (node)->mn_flags << PGNO_TOPWORD) : 0))
-	/** Set the page number in a branch node */
-#define SETPGNO(node,pgno)	do { \
-	(node)->mn_lo = (pgno) & 0xffff; (node)->mn_hi = (pgno) >> 16; \
-	if (PGNO_TOPWORD) (node)->mn_flags = (pgno) >> PGNO_TOPWORD; } while(0)
-
-	/** Get the size of the data in a leaf node */
-#define NODEDSZ(node)	 ((node)->mn_lo | ((unsigned)(node)->mn_hi << 16))
-	/** Set the size of the data for a leaf node */
-#define SETDSZ(node,size)	do { \
-	(node)->mn_lo = (size) & 0xffff; (node)->mn_hi = (size) >> 16;} while(0)
-	/** The size of a key in a node */
-#define NODEKSZ(node)	 ((node)->mn_ksize)
-
-	/** Copy a page number from src to dst */
-#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
-#define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	dst = src
-#else
-#if SIZE_MAX > 4294967295UL
-#define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	do { \
-	unsigned short *s, *d;	\
-	s = (unsigned short *)&(src);	\
-	d = (unsigned short *)&(dst);	\
-	*d++ = *s++;	\
-	*d++ = *s++;	\
-	*d++ = *s++;	\
-	*d = *s;	\
-} while (0)
-#else
-#define COPY_PGNO(dst,src)	do { \
-	unsigned short *s, *d;	\
-	s = (unsigned short *)&(src);	\
-	d = (unsigned short *)&(dst);	\
-	*d++ = *s++;	\
-	*d = *s;	\
-} while (0)
-#endif
-#endif
-	/** The address of a key in a LEAF2 page.
-	 *	LEAF2 pages are used for #MDB_DUPFIXED sorted-duplicate sub-DBs.
-	 *	There are no node headers, keys are stored contiguously.
-	 */
-#define LEAF2KEY(p, i, ks)	((char *)(p) + PAGEHDRSZ + ((i)*(ks)))
-
-	/** Set the \b node's key into \b keyptr, if requested. */
-#define MDB_GET_KEY(node, keyptr)	{ if ((keyptr) != NULL) { \
-	(keyptr)->mv_size = NODEKSZ(node); (keyptr)->mv_data = NODEKEY(node); } }
-
-	/** Set the \b node's key into \b key. */
-#define MDB_GET_KEY2(node, key)	{ key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(node); key.mv_data = NODEKEY(node); }
-
-	/** Information about a single database in the environment. */
-typedef struct MDB_db {
-	uint32_t	md_pad;		/**< also ksize for LEAF2 pages */
-	uint16_t	md_flags;	/**< @ref mdb_dbi_open */
-	uint16_t	md_depth;	/**< depth of this tree */
-	pgno_t		md_branch_pages;	/**< number of internal pages */
-	pgno_t		md_leaf_pages;		/**< number of leaf pages */
-	pgno_t		md_overflow_pages;	/**< number of overflow pages */
-	size_t		md_entries;		/**< number of data items */
-	pgno_t		md_root;		/**< the root page of this tree */
-} MDB_db;
-
-#define MDB_VALID	0x8000		/**< DB handle is valid, for me_dbflags */
-#define PERSISTENT_FLAGS	(0xffff & ~(MDB_VALID))
-	/** #mdb_dbi_open() flags */
-#define VALID_FLAGS	(MDB_REVERSEKEY|MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_INTEGERKEY|MDB_DUPFIXED|\
-	MDB_INTEGERDUP|MDB_REVERSEDUP|MDB_CREATE)
-
-	/** Handle for the DB used to track free pages. */
-#define	FREE_DBI	0
-	/** Handle for the default DB. */
-#define	MAIN_DBI	1
-	/** Number of DBs in metapage (free and main) - also hardcoded elsewhere */
-#define CORE_DBS	2
-
-	/** Number of meta pages - also hardcoded elsewhere */
-#define NUM_METAS	2
-
-	/** Meta page content.
-	 *	A meta page is the start point for accessing a database snapshot.
-	 *	Pages 0-1 are meta pages. Transaction N writes meta page #(N % 2).
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_meta {
-		/** Stamp identifying this as an LMDB file. It must be set
-		 *	to #MDB_MAGIC. */
-	uint32_t	mm_magic;
-		/** Version number of this file. Must be set to #MDB_DATA_VERSION. */
-	uint32_t	mm_version;
-	void		*mm_address;		/**< address for fixed mapping */
-	size_t		mm_mapsize;			/**< size of mmap region */
-	MDB_db		mm_dbs[CORE_DBS];	/**< first is free space, 2nd is main db */
-	/** The size of pages used in this DB */
-#define	mm_psize	mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_pad
-	/** Any persistent environment flags. @ref mdb_env */
-#define	mm_flags	mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags
-	/** Last used page in the datafile.
-	 *	Actually the file may be shorter if the freeDB lists the final pages.
-	 */
-	pgno_t		mm_last_pg;
-	volatile txnid_t	mm_txnid;	/**< txnid that committed this page */
-} MDB_meta;
-
-	/** Buffer for a stack-allocated meta page.
-	 *	The members define size and alignment, and silence type
-	 *	aliasing warnings.  They are not used directly; that could
-	 *	mean incorrectly using several union members in parallel.
-	 */
-typedef union MDB_metabuf {
-	MDB_page	mb_page;
-	struct {
-		char		mm_pad[PAGEHDRSZ];
-		MDB_meta	mm_meta;
-	} mb_metabuf;
-} MDB_metabuf;
-
-	/** Auxiliary DB info.
-	 *	The information here is mostly static/read-only. There is
-	 *	only a single copy of this record in the environment.
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_dbx {
-	MDB_val		md_name;		/**< name of the database */
-	MDB_cmp_func	*md_cmp;	/**< function for comparing keys */
-	MDB_cmp_func	*md_dcmp;	/**< function for comparing data items */
-	MDB_rel_func	*md_rel;	/**< user relocate function */
-	void		*md_relctx;		/**< user-provided context for md_rel */
-} MDB_dbx;
-
-	/** A database transaction.
-	 *	Every operation requires a transaction handle.
-	 */
-struct MDB_txn {
-	MDB_txn		*mt_parent;		/**< parent of a nested txn */
-	/** Nested txn under this txn, set together with flag #MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD */
-	MDB_txn		*mt_child;
-	pgno_t		mt_next_pgno;	/**< next unallocated page */
-	/** The ID of this transaction. IDs are integers incrementing from 1.
-	 *	Only committed write transactions increment the ID. If a transaction
-	 *	aborts, the ID may be re-used by the next writer.
-	 */
-	txnid_t		mt_txnid;
-	MDB_env		*mt_env;		/**< the DB environment */
-	/** The list of pages that became unused during this transaction.
-	 */
-	MDB_IDL		mt_free_pgs;
-	/** The list of loose pages that became unused and may be reused
-	 *	in this transaction, linked through #NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(page).
-	 */
-	MDB_page	*mt_loose_pgs;
-	/** Number of loose pages (#mt_loose_pgs) */
-	int			mt_loose_count;
-	/** The sorted list of dirty pages we temporarily wrote to disk
-	 *	because the dirty list was full. page numbers in here are
-	 *	shifted left by 1, deleted slots have the LSB set.
-	 */
-	MDB_IDL		mt_spill_pgs;
-	union {
-		/** For write txns: Modified pages. Sorted when not MDB_WRITEMAP. */
-		MDB_ID2L	dirty_list;
-		/** For read txns: This thread/txn's reader table slot, or NULL. */
-		MDB_reader	*reader;
-	} mt_u;
-	/** Array of records for each DB known in the environment. */
-	MDB_dbx		*mt_dbxs;
-	/** Array of MDB_db records for each known DB */
-	MDB_db		*mt_dbs;
-	/** Array of sequence numbers for each DB handle */
-	unsigned int	*mt_dbiseqs;
-/** @defgroup mt_dbflag	Transaction DB Flags
- *	@ingroup internal
- * @{
- */
-#define DB_DIRTY	0x01		/**< DB was written in this txn */
-#define DB_STALE	0x02		/**< Named-DB record is older than txnID */
-#define DB_NEW		0x04		/**< Named-DB handle opened in this txn */
-#define DB_VALID	0x08		/**< DB handle is valid, see also #MDB_VALID */
-#define DB_USRVALID	0x10		/**< As #DB_VALID, but not set for #FREE_DBI */
-#define DB_DUPDATA	0x20		/**< DB is #MDB_DUPSORT data */
-/** @} */
-	/** In write txns, array of cursors for each DB */
-	MDB_cursor	**mt_cursors;
-	/** Array of flags for each DB */
-	unsigned char	*mt_dbflags;
-	/**	Number of DB records in use, or 0 when the txn is finished.
-	 *	This number only ever increments until the txn finishes; we
-	 *	don't decrement it when individual DB handles are closed.
-	 */
-	MDB_dbi		mt_numdbs;
-
-/** @defgroup mdb_txn	Transaction Flags
- *	@ingroup internal
- *	@{
- */
-	/** #mdb_txn_begin() flags */
-#define MDB_TXN_BEGIN_FLAGS	MDB_RDONLY
-#define MDB_TXN_RDONLY		MDB_RDONLY	/**< read-only transaction */
-	/* internal txn flags */
-#define MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP	MDB_WRITEMAP	/**< copy of #MDB_env flag in writers */
-#define MDB_TXN_FINISHED	0x01		/**< txn is finished or never began */
-#define MDB_TXN_ERROR		0x02		/**< txn is unusable after an error */
-#define MDB_TXN_DIRTY		0x04		/**< must write, even if dirty list is empty */
-#define MDB_TXN_SPILLS		0x08		/**< txn or a parent has spilled pages */
-#define MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD	0x10		/**< txn has an #MDB_txn.%mt_child */
-	/** most operations on the txn are currently illegal */
-#define MDB_TXN_BLOCKED		(MDB_TXN_FINISHED|MDB_TXN_ERROR|MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD)
-/** @} */
-	unsigned int	mt_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_txn */
-	/** #dirty_list room: Array size - \#dirty pages visible to this txn.
-	 *	Includes ancestor txns' dirty pages not hidden by other txns'
-	 *	dirty/spilled pages. Thus commit(nested txn) has room to merge
-	 *	dirty_list into mt_parent after freeing hidden mt_parent pages.
-	 */
-	unsigned int	mt_dirty_room;
-};
-
-/** Enough space for 2^32 nodes with minimum of 2 keys per node. I.e., plenty.
- * At 4 keys per node, enough for 2^64 nodes, so there's probably no need to
- * raise this on a 64 bit machine.
- */
-#define CURSOR_STACK		 32
-
-struct MDB_xcursor;
-
-	/** Cursors are used for all DB operations.
-	 *	A cursor holds a path of (page pointer, key index) from the DB
-	 *	root to a position in the DB, plus other state. #MDB_DUPSORT
-	 *	cursors include an xcursor to the current data item. Write txns
-	 *	track their cursors and keep them up to date when data moves.
-	 *	Exception: An xcursor's pointer to a #P_SUBP page can be stale.
-	 *	(A node with #F_DUPDATA but no #F_SUBDATA contains a subpage).
-	 */
-struct MDB_cursor {
-	/** Next cursor on this DB in this txn */
-	MDB_cursor	*mc_next;
-	/** Backup of the original cursor if this cursor is a shadow */
-	MDB_cursor	*mc_backup;
-	/** Context used for databases with #MDB_DUPSORT, otherwise NULL */
-	struct MDB_xcursor	*mc_xcursor;
-	/** The transaction that owns this cursor */
-	MDB_txn		*mc_txn;
-	/** The database handle this cursor operates on */
-	MDB_dbi		mc_dbi;
-	/** The database record for this cursor */
-	MDB_db		*mc_db;
-	/** The database auxiliary record for this cursor */
-	MDB_dbx		*mc_dbx;
-	/** The @ref mt_dbflag for this database */
-	unsigned char	*mc_dbflag;
-	unsigned short 	mc_snum;	/**< number of pushed pages */
-	unsigned short	mc_top;		/**< index of top page, normally mc_snum-1 */
-/** @defgroup mdb_cursor	Cursor Flags
- *	@ingroup internal
- *	Cursor state flags.
- *	@{
- */
-#define C_INITIALIZED	0x01	/**< cursor has been initialized and is valid */
-#define C_EOF	0x02			/**< No more data */
-#define C_SUB	0x04			/**< Cursor is a sub-cursor */
-#define C_DEL	0x08			/**< last op was a cursor_del */
-#define C_UNTRACK	0x40		/**< Un-track cursor when closing */
-/** @} */
-	unsigned int	mc_flags;	/**< @ref mdb_cursor */
-	MDB_page	*mc_pg[CURSOR_STACK];	/**< stack of pushed pages */
-	indx_t		mc_ki[CURSOR_STACK];	/**< stack of page indices */
-};
-
-	/** Context for sorted-dup records.
-	 *	We could have gone to a fully recursive design, with arbitrarily
-	 *	deep nesting of sub-databases. But for now we only handle these
-	 *	levels - main DB, optional sub-DB, sorted-duplicate DB.
-	 */
-typedef struct MDB_xcursor {
-	/** A sub-cursor for traversing the Dup DB */
-	MDB_cursor mx_cursor;
-	/** The database record for this Dup DB */
-	MDB_db	mx_db;
-	/**	The auxiliary DB record for this Dup DB */
-	MDB_dbx	mx_dbx;
-	/** The @ref mt_dbflag for this Dup DB */
-	unsigned char mx_dbflag;
-} MDB_xcursor;
-
-	/** Check if there is an inited xcursor */
-#define XCURSOR_INITED(mc) \
-	((mc)->mc_xcursor && ((mc)->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-
-	/** Update the xcursor's sub-page pointer, if any, in \b mc.  Needed
-	 *	when the node which contains the sub-page may have moved.  Called
-	 *	with leaf page \b mp = mc->mc_pg[\b top].
-	 */
-#define XCURSOR_REFRESH(mc, top, mp) do { \
-	MDB_page *xr_pg = (mp); \
-	MDB_node *xr_node; \
-	if (!XCURSOR_INITED(mc) || (mc)->mc_ki[top] >= NUMKEYS(xr_pg)) break; \
-	xr_node = NODEPTR(xr_pg, (mc)->mc_ki[top]); \
-	if ((xr_node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA) \
-		(mc)->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(xr_node); \
-} while (0)
-
-	/** State of FreeDB old pages, stored in the MDB_env */
-typedef struct MDB_pgstate {
-	pgno_t		*mf_pghead;	/**< Reclaimed freeDB pages, or NULL before use */
-	txnid_t		mf_pglast;	/**< ID of last used record, or 0 if !mf_pghead */
-} MDB_pgstate;
-
-	/** The database environment. */
-struct MDB_env {
-	HANDLE		me_fd;		/**< The main data file */
-	HANDLE		me_lfd;		/**< The lock file */
-	HANDLE		me_mfd;		/**< For writing and syncing the meta pages */
-	/** Failed to update the meta page. Probably an I/O error. */
-#define	MDB_FATAL_ERROR	0x80000000U
-	/** Some fields are initialized. */
-#define	MDB_ENV_ACTIVE	0x20000000U
-	/** me_txkey is set */
-#define	MDB_ENV_TXKEY	0x10000000U
-	/** fdatasync is unreliable */
-#define	MDB_FSYNCONLY	0x08000000U
-	uint32_t 	me_flags;		/**< @ref mdb_env */
-	unsigned int	me_psize;	/**< DB page size, inited from me_os_psize */
-	unsigned int	me_os_psize;	/**< OS page size, from #GET_PAGESIZE */
-	unsigned int	me_maxreaders;	/**< size of the reader table */
-	/** Max #MDB_txninfo.%mti_numreaders of interest to #mdb_env_close() */
-	volatile int	me_close_readers;
-	MDB_dbi		me_numdbs;		/**< number of DBs opened */
-	MDB_dbi		me_maxdbs;		/**< size of the DB table */
-	MDB_PID_T	me_pid;		/**< process ID of this env */
-	char		*me_path;		/**< path to the DB files */
-	char		*me_map;		/**< the memory map of the data file */
-	MDB_txninfo	*me_txns;		/**< the memory map of the lock file or NULL */
-	MDB_meta	*me_metas[NUM_METAS];	/**< pointers to the two meta pages */
-	void		*me_pbuf;		/**< scratch area for DUPSORT put() */
-	MDB_txn		*me_txn;		/**< current write transaction */
-	MDB_txn		*me_txn0;		/**< prealloc'd write transaction */
-	size_t		me_mapsize;		/**< size of the data memory map */
-	off_t		me_size;		/**< current file size */
-	pgno_t		me_maxpg;		/**< me_mapsize / me_psize */
-	MDB_dbx		*me_dbxs;		/**< array of static DB info */
-	uint16_t	*me_dbflags;	/**< array of flags from MDB_db.md_flags */
-	unsigned int	*me_dbiseqs;	/**< array of dbi sequence numbers */
-	pthread_key_t	me_txkey;	/**< thread-key for readers */
-	txnid_t		me_pgoldest;	/**< ID of oldest reader last time we looked */
-	MDB_pgstate	me_pgstate;		/**< state of old pages from freeDB */
-#	define		me_pglast	me_pgstate.mf_pglast
-#	define		me_pghead	me_pgstate.mf_pghead
-	MDB_page	*me_dpages;		/**< list of malloc'd blocks for re-use */
-	/** IDL of pages that became unused in a write txn */
-	MDB_IDL		me_free_pgs;
-	/** ID2L of pages written during a write txn. Length MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE. */
-	MDB_ID2L	me_dirty_list;
-	/** Max number of freelist items that can fit in a single overflow page */
-	int			me_maxfree_1pg;
-	/** Max size of a node on a page */
-	unsigned int	me_nodemax;
-#if !(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
-	unsigned int	me_maxkey;	/**< max size of a key */
-#endif
-	int		me_live_reader;		/**< have liveness lock in reader table */
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	int		me_pidquery;		/**< Used in OpenProcess */
-#endif
-#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX	/* Posix mutexes reside in shared mem */
-#	define		me_rmutex	me_txns->mti_rmutex /**< Shared reader lock */
-#	define		me_wmutex	me_txns->mti_wmutex /**< Shared writer lock */
-#else
-	mdb_mutex_t	me_rmutex;
-	mdb_mutex_t	me_wmutex;
-#endif
-	void		*me_userctx;	 /**< User-settable context */
-	MDB_assert_func *me_assert_func; /**< Callback for assertion failures */
-};
-
-	/** Nested transaction */
-typedef struct MDB_ntxn {
-	MDB_txn		mnt_txn;		/**< the transaction */
-	MDB_pgstate	mnt_pgstate;	/**< parent transaction's saved freestate */
-} MDB_ntxn;
-
-	/** max number of pages to commit in one writev() call */
-#define MDB_COMMIT_PAGES	 64
-#if defined(IOV_MAX) && IOV_MAX < MDB_COMMIT_PAGES
-#undef MDB_COMMIT_PAGES
-#define MDB_COMMIT_PAGES	IOV_MAX
-#endif
-
-	/** max bytes to write in one call */
-#define MAX_WRITE		(0x40000000U >> (sizeof(ssize_t) == 4))
-
-	/** Check \b txn and \b dbi arguments to a function */
-#define TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, validity) \
-	((txn) && (dbi)<(txn)->mt_numdbs && ((txn)->mt_dbflags[dbi] & (validity)))
-
-	/** Check for misused \b dbi handles */
-#define TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, dbi) \
-	((txn)->mt_dbiseqs[dbi] != (txn)->mt_env->me_dbiseqs[dbi])
-
-static int  mdb_page_alloc(MDB_cursor *mc, int num, MDB_page **mp);
-static int  mdb_page_new(MDB_cursor *mc, uint32_t flags, int num, MDB_page **mp);
-static int  mdb_page_touch(MDB_cursor *mc);
-
-#define MDB_END_NAMES {"committed", "empty-commit", "abort", "reset", \
-	"reset-tmp", "fail-begin", "fail-beginchild"}
-enum {
-	/* mdb_txn_end operation number, for logging */
-	MDB_END_COMMITTED, MDB_END_EMPTY_COMMIT, MDB_END_ABORT, MDB_END_RESET,
-	MDB_END_RESET_TMP, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGIN, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGINCHILD
-};
-#define MDB_END_OPMASK	0x0F	/**< mask for #mdb_txn_end() operation number */
-#define MDB_END_UPDATE	0x10	/**< update env state (DBIs) */
-#define MDB_END_FREE	0x20	/**< free txn unless it is #MDB_env.%me_txn0 */
-#define MDB_END_SLOT MDB_NOTLS	/**< release any reader slot if #MDB_NOTLS */
-static void mdb_txn_end(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned mode);
-
-static int  mdb_page_get(MDB_cursor *mc, pgno_t pgno, MDB_page **mp, int *lvl);
-static int  mdb_page_search_root(MDB_cursor *mc,
-			    MDB_val *key, int modify);
-#define MDB_PS_MODIFY	1
-#define MDB_PS_ROOTONLY	2
-#define MDB_PS_FIRST	4
-#define MDB_PS_LAST		8
-static int  mdb_page_search(MDB_cursor *mc,
-			    MDB_val *key, int flags);
-static int	mdb_page_merge(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst);
-
-#define MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE	MDB_APPENDDUP	/**< newkey is not new */
-static int	mdb_page_split(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *newkey, MDB_val *newdata,
-				pgno_t newpgno, unsigned int nflags);
-
-static int  mdb_env_read_header(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta);
-static MDB_meta *mdb_env_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env);
-static int  mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn);
-#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX /* Drop unused excl arg */
-# define mdb_env_close0(env, excl) mdb_env_close1(env)
-#endif
-static void mdb_env_close0(MDB_env *env, int excl);
-
-static MDB_node *mdb_node_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int *exactp);
-static int  mdb_node_add(MDB_cursor *mc, indx_t indx,
-			    MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, pgno_t pgno, unsigned int flags);
-static void mdb_node_del(MDB_cursor *mc, int ksize);
-static void mdb_node_shrink(MDB_page *mp, indx_t indx);
-static int	mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst, int fromleft);
-static int  mdb_node_read(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *leaf, MDB_val *data);
-static size_t	mdb_leaf_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
-static size_t	mdb_branch_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key);
-
-static int	mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc);
-static int	mdb_update_key(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key);
-
-static void	mdb_cursor_pop(MDB_cursor *mc);
-static int	mdb_cursor_push(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp);
-
-static int	mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc);
-static int	mdb_del0(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned flags);
-static int	mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right);
-static int	mdb_cursor_next(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op);
-static int	mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op);
-static int	mdb_cursor_set(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op,
-				int *exactp);
-static int	mdb_cursor_first(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
-static int	mdb_cursor_last(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
-
-static void	mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx);
-static void	mdb_xcursor_init0(MDB_cursor *mc);
-static void	mdb_xcursor_init1(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *node);
-static void	mdb_xcursor_init2(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_xcursor *src_mx, int force);
-
-static int	mdb_drop0(MDB_cursor *mc, int subs);
-static void mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi);
-static int mdb_reader_check0(MDB_env *env, int rlocked, int *dead);
-
-/** @cond */
-static MDB_cmp_func	mdb_cmp_memn, mdb_cmp_memnr, mdb_cmp_int, mdb_cmp_cint, mdb_cmp_long;
-/** @endcond */
-
-/** Compare two items pointing at size_t's of unknown alignment. */
-#ifdef MISALIGNED_OK
-# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_long
-#else
-# define mdb_cmp_clong mdb_cmp_cint
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-static SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR mdb_null_sd;
-static SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES mdb_all_sa;
-static int mdb_sec_inited;
-
-struct MDB_name;
-static int utf8_to_utf16(const char *src, struct MDB_name *dst, int xtra);
-#endif
-
-/** Return the library version info. */
-char * ESECT
-mdb_version(int *major, int *minor, int *patch)
-{
-	if (major) *major = MDB_VERSION_MAJOR;
-	if (minor) *minor = MDB_VERSION_MINOR;
-	if (patch) *patch = MDB_VERSION_PATCH;
-	return MDB_VERSION_STRING;
-}
-
-/** Table of descriptions for LMDB @ref errors */
-static char *const mdb_errstr[] = {
-	"MDB_KEYEXIST: Key/data pair already exists",
-	"MDB_NOTFOUND: No matching key/data pair found",
-	"MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND: Requested page not found",
-	"MDB_CORRUPTED: Located page was wrong type",
-	"MDB_PANIC: Update of meta page failed or environment had fatal error",
-	"MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH: Database environment version mismatch",
-	"MDB_INVALID: File is not an LMDB file",
-	"MDB_MAP_FULL: Environment mapsize limit reached",
-	"MDB_DBS_FULL: Environment maxdbs limit reached",
-	"MDB_READERS_FULL: Environment maxreaders limit reached",
-	"MDB_TLS_FULL: Thread-local storage keys full - too many environments open",
-	"MDB_TXN_FULL: Transaction has too many dirty pages - transaction too big",
-	"MDB_CURSOR_FULL: Internal error - cursor stack limit reached",
-	"MDB_PAGE_FULL: Internal error - page has no more space",
-	"MDB_MAP_RESIZED: Database contents grew beyond environment mapsize",
-	"MDB_INCOMPATIBLE: Operation and DB incompatible, or DB flags changed",
-	"MDB_BAD_RSLOT: Invalid reuse of reader locktable slot",
-	"MDB_BAD_TXN: Transaction must abort, has a child, or is invalid",
-	"MDB_BAD_VALSIZE: Unsupported size of key/DB name/data, or wrong DUPFIXED size",
-	"MDB_BAD_DBI: The specified DBI handle was closed/changed unexpectedly",
-};
-
-char *
-mdb_strerror(int err)
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	/** HACK: pad 4KB on stack over the buf. Return system msgs in buf.
-	 *	This works as long as no function between the call to mdb_strerror
-	 *	and the actual use of the message uses more than 4K of stack.
-	 */
-#define MSGSIZE	1024
-#define PADSIZE	4096
-	char buf[MSGSIZE+PADSIZE], *ptr = buf;
-#endif
-	int i;
-	if (!err)
-		return ("Successful return: 0");
-
-	if (err >= MDB_KEYEXIST && err <= MDB_LAST_ERRCODE) {
-		i = err - MDB_KEYEXIST;
-		return mdb_errstr[i];
-	}
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	/* These are the C-runtime error codes we use. The comment indicates
-	 * their numeric value, and the Win32 error they would correspond to
-	 * if the error actually came from a Win32 API. A major mess, we should
-	 * have used LMDB-specific error codes for everything.
-	 */
-	switch(err) {
-	case ENOENT:	/* 2, FILE_NOT_FOUND */
-	case EIO:		/* 5, ACCESS_DENIED */
-	case ENOMEM:	/* 12, INVALID_ACCESS */
-	case EACCES:	/* 13, INVALID_DATA */
-	case EBUSY:		/* 16, CURRENT_DIRECTORY */
-	case EINVAL:	/* 22, BAD_COMMAND */
-	case ENOSPC:	/* 28, OUT_OF_PAPER */
-		return strerror(err);
-	default:
-		;
-	}
-	buf[0] = 0;
-	FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
-		FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
-		NULL, err, 0, ptr, MSGSIZE, (va_list *)buf+MSGSIZE);
-	return ptr;
-#else
-	return strerror(err);
-#endif
-}
-
-/** assert(3) variant in cursor context */
-#define mdb_cassert(mc, expr)	mdb_assert0((mc)->mc_txn->mt_env, expr, #expr)
-/** assert(3) variant in transaction context */
-#define mdb_tassert(txn, expr)	mdb_assert0((txn)->mt_env, expr, #expr)
-/** assert(3) variant in environment context */
-#define mdb_eassert(env, expr)	mdb_assert0(env, expr, #expr)
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-# define mdb_assert0(env, expr, expr_txt) ((expr) ? (void)0 : \
-		mdb_assert_fail(env, expr_txt, mdb_func_, __FILE__, __LINE__))
-
-static void ESECT
-mdb_assert_fail(MDB_env *env, const char *expr_txt,
-	const char *func, const char *file, int line)
-{
-	char buf[400];
-	sprintf(buf, "%.100s:%d: Assertion '%.200s' failed in %.40s()",
-		file, line, expr_txt, func);
-	if (env->me_assert_func)
-		env->me_assert_func(env, buf);
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buf);
-	abort();
-}
-#else
-# define mdb_assert0(env, expr, expr_txt) ((void) 0)
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
-
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-/** Return the page number of \b mp which may be sub-page, for debug output */
-static pgno_t
-mdb_dbg_pgno(MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	pgno_t ret;
-	COPY_PGNO(ret, mp->mp_pgno);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/** Display a key in hexadecimal and return the address of the result.
- * @param[in] key the key to display
- * @param[in] buf the buffer to write into. Should always be #DKBUF.
- * @return The key in hexadecimal form.
- */
-char *
-mdb_dkey(MDB_val *key, char *buf)
-{
-	char *ptr = buf;
-	unsigned char *c = key->mv_data;
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	if (!key)
-		return "";
-
-	if (key->mv_size > DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE)
-		return "MDB_MAXKEYSIZE";
-	/* may want to make this a dynamic check: if the key is mostly
-	 * printable characters, print it as-is instead of converting to hex.
-	 */
-#if 1
-	buf[0] = '\0';
-	for (i=0; i<key->mv_size; i++)
-		ptr += sprintf(ptr, "%02x", *c++);
-#else
-	sprintf(buf, "%.*s", key->mv_size, key->mv_data);
-#endif
-	return buf;
-}
-
-static const char *
-mdb_leafnode_type(MDB_node *n)
-{
-	static char *const tp[2][2] = {{"", ": DB"}, {": sub-page", ": sub-DB"}};
-	return F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA) ? ": overflow page" :
-		tp[F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)][F_ISSET(n->mn_flags, F_SUBDATA)];
-}
-
-/** Display all the keys in the page. */
-void
-mdb_page_list(MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	pgno_t pgno = mdb_dbg_pgno(mp);
-	const char *type, *state = (mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) ? ", dirty" : "";
-	MDB_node *node;
-	unsigned int i, nkeys, nsize, total = 0;
-	MDB_val key;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	switch (mp->mp_flags & (P_BRANCH|P_LEAF|P_LEAF2|P_META|P_OVERFLOW|P_SUBP)) {
-	case P_BRANCH:              type = "Branch page";		break;
-	case P_LEAF:                type = "Leaf page";			break;
-	case P_LEAF|P_SUBP:         type = "Sub-page";			break;
-	case P_LEAF|P_LEAF2:        type = "LEAF2 page";		break;
-	case P_LEAF|P_LEAF2|P_SUBP: type = "LEAF2 sub-page";	break;
-	case P_OVERFLOW:
-		fprintf(stderr, "Overflow page %"Z"u pages %u%s\n",
-			pgno, mp->mp_pages, state);
-		return;
-	case P_META:
-		fprintf(stderr, "Meta-page %"Z"u txnid %"Z"u\n",
-			pgno, ((MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp))->mm_txnid);
-		return;
-	default:
-		fprintf(stderr, "Bad page %"Z"u flags 0x%X\n", pgno, mp->mp_flags);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s %"Z"u numkeys %d%s\n", type, pgno, nkeys, state);
-
-	for (i=0; i<nkeys; i++) {
-		if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {	/* LEAF2 pages have no mp_ptrs[] or node headers */
-			key.mv_size = nsize = mp->mp_pad;
-			key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, i, nsize);
-			total += nsize;
-			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: nsize %d, %s\n", i, nsize, DKEY(&key));
-			continue;
-		}
-		node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-		key.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
-		key.mv_data = node->mn_data;
-		nsize = NODESIZE + key.mv_size;
-		if (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: page %"Z"u, %s\n", i, NODEPGNO(node),
-				DKEY(&key));
-			total += nsize;
-		} else {
-			if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
-				nsize += sizeof(pgno_t);
-			else
-				nsize += NODEDSZ(node);
-			total += nsize;
-			nsize += sizeof(indx_t);
-			fprintf(stderr, "key %d: nsize %d, %s%s\n",
-				i, nsize, DKEY(&key), mdb_leafnode_type(node));
-		}
-		total = EVEN(total);
-	}
-	fprintf(stderr, "Total: header %d + contents %d + unused %d\n",
-		IS_LEAF2(mp) ? PAGEHDRSZ : PAGEBASE + mp->mp_lower, total, SIZELEFT(mp));
-}
-
-void
-mdb_cursor_chk(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	MDB_node *node;
-	MDB_page *mp;
-
-	if (!mc->mc_snum || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) return;
-	for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++) {
-		mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
-		node = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[i]);
-		if (NODEPGNO(node) != mc->mc_pg[i+1]->mp_pgno)
-			printf("oops!\n");
-	}
-	if (mc->mc_ki[i] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[i]))
-		printf("ack!\n");
-	if (XCURSOR_INITED(mc)) {
-		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-		if (((node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA) &&
-			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] != NODEDATA(node)) {
-			printf("blah!\n");
-		}
-	}
-}
-#endif
-
-#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 2
-/** Count all the pages in each DB and in the freelist
- *  and make sure it matches the actual number of pages
- *  being used.
- *  All named DBs must be open for a correct count.
- */
-static void mdb_audit(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	MDB_cursor mc;
-	MDB_val key, data;
-	MDB_ID freecount, count;
-	MDB_dbi i;
-	int rc;
-
-	freecount = 0;
-	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
-	while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0)
-		freecount += *(MDB_ID *)data.mv_data;
-	mdb_tassert(txn, rc == MDB_NOTFOUND);
-
-	count = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
-		MDB_xcursor mx;
-		if (!(txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_VALID))
-			continue;
-		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, i, &mx);
-		if (txn->mt_dbs[i].md_root == P_INVALID)
-			continue;
-		count += txn->mt_dbs[i].md_branch_pages +
-			txn->mt_dbs[i].md_leaf_pages +
-			txn->mt_dbs[i].md_overflow_pages;
-		if (txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
-			rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
-			for (; rc == MDB_SUCCESS; rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(&mc, 1)) {
-				unsigned j;
-				MDB_page *mp;
-				mp = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top];
-				for (j=0; j<NUMKEYS(mp); j++) {
-					MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mp, j);
-					if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-						MDB_db db;
-						memcpy(&db, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(db));
-						count += db.md_branch_pages + db.md_leaf_pages +
-							db.md_overflow_pages;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			mdb_tassert(txn, rc == MDB_NOTFOUND);
-		}
-	}
-	if (freecount + count + NUM_METAS != txn->mt_next_pgno) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "audit: %"Z"u freecount: %"Z"u count: %"Z"u total: %"Z"u next_pgno: %"Z"u\n",
-			txn->mt_txnid, freecount, count+NUM_METAS,
-			freecount+count+NUM_METAS, txn->mt_next_pgno);
-	}
-}
-#endif
-
-int
-mdb_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-	return txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp(a, b);
-}
-
-int
-mdb_dcmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-	MDB_cmp_func *dcmp = txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp;
-#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-	if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && a->mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
-		dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
-#endif
-	return dcmp(a, b);
-}
-
-/** Allocate memory for a page.
- * Re-use old malloc'd pages first for singletons, otherwise just malloc.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- */
-static MDB_page *
-mdb_page_malloc(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned num)
-{
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_page *ret = env->me_dpages;
-	size_t psize = env->me_psize, sz = psize, off;
-	/* For ! #MDB_NOMEMINIT, psize counts how much to init.
-	 * For a single page alloc, we init everything after the page header.
-	 * For multi-page, we init the final page; if the caller needed that
-	 * many pages they will be filling in at least up to the last page.
-	 */
-	if (num == 1) {
-		if (ret) {
-			VGMEMP_ALLOC(env, ret, sz);
-			VGMEMP_DEFINED(ret, sizeof(ret->mp_next));
-			env->me_dpages = ret->mp_next;
-			return ret;
-		}
-		psize -= off = PAGEHDRSZ;
-	} else {
-		sz *= num;
-		off = sz - psize;
-	}
-	if ((ret = malloc(sz)) != NULL) {
-		VGMEMP_ALLOC(env, ret, sz);
-		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOMEMINIT)) {
-			memset((char *)ret + off, 0, psize);
-			ret->mp_pad = 0;
-		}
-	} else {
-		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-/** Free a single page.
- * Saves single pages to a list, for future reuse.
- * (This is not used for multi-page overflow pages.)
- */
-static void
-mdb_page_free(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	mp->mp_next = env->me_dpages;
-	VGMEMP_FREE(env, mp);
-	env->me_dpages = mp;
-}
-
-/** Free a dirty page */
-static void
-mdb_dpage_free(MDB_env *env, MDB_page *dp)
-{
-	if (!IS_OVERFLOW(dp) || dp->mp_pages == 1) {
-		mdb_page_free(env, dp);
-	} else {
-		/* large pages just get freed directly */
-		VGMEMP_FREE(env, dp);
-		free(dp);
-	}
-}
-
-/**	Return all dirty pages to dpage list */
-static void
-mdb_dlist_free(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-	unsigned i, n = dl[0].mid;
-
-	for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
-		mdb_dpage_free(env, dl[i].mptr);
-	}
-	dl[0].mid = 0;
-}
-
-/** Loosen or free a single page.
- * Saves single pages to a list for future reuse
- * in this same txn. It has been pulled from the freeDB
- * and already resides on the dirty list, but has been
- * deleted. Use these pages first before pulling again
- * from the freeDB.
- *
- * If the page wasn't dirtied in this txn, just add it
- * to this txn's free list.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_loose(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	int loose = 0;
-	pgno_t pgno = mp->mp_pgno;
-	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-
-	if ((mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) && mc->mc_dbi != FREE_DBI) {
-		if (txn->mt_parent) {
-			MDB_ID2 *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-			/* If txn has a parent, make sure the page is in our
-			 * dirty list.
-			 */
-			if (dl[0].mid) {
-				unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
-				if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
-					if (mp != dl[x].mptr) { /* bad cursor? */
-						mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-						txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-						return MDB_CORRUPTED;
-					}
-					/* ok, it's ours */
-					loose = 1;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			/* no parent txn, so it's just ours */
-			loose = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	if (loose) {
-		DPRINTF(("loosen db %d page %"Z"u", DDBI(mc),
-			mp->mp_pgno));
-		NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp) = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
-		txn->mt_loose_pgs = mp;
-		txn->mt_loose_count++;
-		mp->mp_flags |= P_LOOSE;
-	} else {
-		int rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_free_pgs, pgno);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-	}
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Set or clear P_KEEP in dirty, non-overflow, non-sub pages watched by txn.
- * @param[in] mc A cursor handle for the current operation.
- * @param[in] pflags Flags of the pages to update:
- * P_DIRTY to set P_KEEP, P_DIRTY|P_KEEP to clear it.
- * @param[in] all No shortcuts. Needed except after a full #mdb_page_flush().
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_pages_xkeep(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned pflags, int all)
-{
-	enum { Mask = P_SUBP|P_DIRTY|P_LOOSE|P_KEEP };
-	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-	MDB_cursor *m3, *m0 = mc;
-	MDB_xcursor *mx;
-	MDB_page *dp, *mp;
-	MDB_node *leaf;
-	unsigned i, j;
-	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS, level;
-
-	/* Mark pages seen by cursors */
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK)
-		mc = NULL;				/* will find mc in mt_cursors */
-	for (i = txn->mt_numdbs;; mc = txn->mt_cursors[--i]) {
-		for (; mc; mc=mc->mc_next) {
-			if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-				continue;
-			for (m3 = mc;; m3 = &mx->mx_cursor) {
-				mp = NULL;
-				for (j=0; j<m3->mc_snum; j++) {
-					mp = m3->mc_pg[j];
-					if ((mp->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags)
-						mp->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
-				}
-				mx = m3->mc_xcursor;
-				/* Proceed to mx if it is at a sub-database */
-				if (! (mx && (mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)))
-					break;
-				if (! (mp && (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF)))
-					break;
-				leaf = NODEPTR(mp, m3->mc_ki[j-1]);
-				if (!(leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA))
-					break;
-			}
-		}
-		if (i == 0)
-			break;
-	}
-
-	if (all) {
-		/* Mark dirty root pages */
-		for (i=0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
-			if (txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_DIRTY) {
-				pgno_t pgno = txn->mt_dbs[i].md_root;
-				if (pgno == P_INVALID)
-					continue;
-				if ((rc = mdb_page_get(m0, pgno, &dp, &level)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-					break;
-				if ((dp->mp_flags & Mask) == pflags && level <= 1)
-					dp->mp_flags ^= P_KEEP;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return rc;
-}
-
-static int mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep);
-
-/**	Spill pages from the dirty list back to disk.
- * This is intended to prevent running into #MDB_TXN_FULL situations,
- * but note that they may still occur in a few cases:
- *	1) our estimate of the txn size could be too small. Currently this
- *	 seems unlikely, except with a large number of #MDB_MULTIPLE items.
- *	2) child txns may run out of space if their parents dirtied a
- *	 lot of pages and never spilled them. TODO: we probably should do
- *	 a preemptive spill during #mdb_txn_begin() of a child txn, if
- *	 the parent's dirty_room is below a given threshold.
- *
- * Otherwise, if not using nested txns, it is expected that apps will
- * not run into #MDB_TXN_FULL any more. The pages are flushed to disk
- * the same way as for a txn commit, e.g. their P_DIRTY flag is cleared.
- * If the txn never references them again, they can be left alone.
- * If the txn only reads them, they can be used without any fuss.
- * If the txn writes them again, they can be dirtied immediately without
- * going thru all of the work of #mdb_page_touch(). Such references are
- * handled by #mdb_page_unspill().
- *
- * Also note, we never spill DB root pages, nor pages of active cursors,
- * because we'll need these back again soon anyway. And in nested txns,
- * we can't spill a page in a child txn if it was already spilled in a
- * parent txn. That would alter the parent txns' data even though
- * the child hasn't committed yet, and we'd have no way to undo it if
- * the child aborted.
- *
- * @param[in] m0 cursor A cursor handle identifying the transaction and
- *	database for which we are checking space.
- * @param[in] key For a put operation, the key being stored.
- * @param[in] data For a put operation, the data being stored.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_spill(MDB_cursor *m0, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	MDB_txn *txn = m0->mc_txn;
-	MDB_page *dp;
-	MDB_ID2L dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-	unsigned int i, j, need;
-	int rc;
-
-	if (m0->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-	/* Estimate how much space this op will take */
-	i = m0->mc_db->md_depth;
-	/* Named DBs also dirty the main DB */
-	if (m0->mc_dbi >= CORE_DBS)
-		i += txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_depth;
-	/* For puts, roughly factor in the key+data size */
-	if (key)
-		i += (LEAFSIZE(key, data) + txn->mt_env->me_psize) / txn->mt_env->me_psize;
-	i += i;	/* double it for good measure */
-	need = i;
-
-	if (txn->mt_dirty_room > i)
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-	if (!txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
-		txn->mt_spill_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX);
-		if (!txn->mt_spill_pgs)
-			return ENOMEM;
-	} else {
-		/* purge deleted slots */
-		MDB_IDL sl = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
-		unsigned int num = sl[0];
-		j=0;
-		for (i=1; i<=num; i++) {
-			if (!(sl[i] & 1))
-				sl[++j] = sl[i];
-		}
-		sl[0] = j;
-	}
-
-	/* Preserve pages which may soon be dirtied again */
-	if ((rc = mdb_pages_xkeep(m0, P_DIRTY, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-		goto done;
-
-	/* Less aggressive spill - we originally spilled the entire dirty list,
-	 * with a few exceptions for cursor pages and DB root pages. But this
-	 * turns out to be a lot of wasted effort because in a large txn many
-	 * of those pages will need to be used again. So now we spill only 1/8th
-	 * of the dirty pages. Testing revealed this to be a good tradeoff,
-	 * better than 1/2, 1/4, or 1/10.
-	 */
-	if (need < MDB_IDL_UM_MAX / 8)
-		need = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX / 8;
-
-	/* Save the page IDs of all the pages we're flushing */
-	/* flush from the tail forward, this saves a lot of shifting later on. */
-	for (i=dl[0].mid; i && need; i--) {
-		MDB_ID pn = dl[i].mid << 1;
-		dp = dl[i].mptr;
-		if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP))
-			continue;
-		/* Can't spill twice, make sure it's not already in a parent's
-		 * spill list.
-		 */
-		if (txn->mt_parent) {
-			MDB_txn *tx2;
-			for (tx2 = txn->mt_parent; tx2; tx2 = tx2->mt_parent) {
-				if (tx2->mt_spill_pgs) {
-					j = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
-					if (j <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[j] == pn) {
-						dp->mp_flags |= P_KEEP;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			if (tx2)
-				continue;
-		}
-		if ((rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_spill_pgs, pn)))
-			goto done;
-		need--;
-	}
-	mdb_midl_sort(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
-
-	/* Flush the spilled part of dirty list */
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_flush(txn, i)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-		goto done;
-
-	/* Reset any dirty pages we kept that page_flush didn't see */
-	rc = mdb_pages_xkeep(m0, P_DIRTY|P_KEEP, i);
-
-done:
-	txn->mt_flags |= rc ? MDB_TXN_ERROR : MDB_TXN_SPILLS;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Find oldest txnid still referenced. Expects txn->mt_txnid > 0. */
-static txnid_t
-mdb_find_oldest(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	int i;
-	txnid_t mr, oldest = txn->mt_txnid - 1;
-	if (txn->mt_env->me_txns) {
-		MDB_reader *r = txn->mt_env->me_txns->mti_readers;
-		for (i = txn->mt_env->me_txns->mti_numreaders; --i >= 0; ) {
-			if (r[i].mr_pid) {
-				mr = r[i].mr_txnid;
-				if (oldest > mr)
-					oldest = mr;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return oldest;
-}
-
-/** Add a page to the txn's dirty list */
-static void
-mdb_page_dirty(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	MDB_ID2 mid;
-	int rc, (*insert)(MDB_ID2L, MDB_ID2 *);
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP) {
-		insert = mdb_mid2l_append;
-	} else {
-		insert = mdb_mid2l_insert;
-	}
-	mid.mid = mp->mp_pgno;
-	mid.mptr = mp;
-	rc = insert(txn->mt_u.dirty_list, &mid);
-	mdb_tassert(txn, rc == 0);
-	txn->mt_dirty_room--;
-}
-
-/** Allocate page numbers and memory for writing.  Maintain me_pglast,
- * me_pghead and mt_next_pgno.  Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- *
- * If there are free pages available from older transactions, they
- * are re-used first. Otherwise allocate a new page at mt_next_pgno.
- * Do not modify the freedB, just merge freeDB records into me_pghead[]
- * and move me_pglast to say which records were consumed.  Only this
- * function can create me_pghead and move me_pglast/mt_next_pgno.
- * @param[in] mc cursor A cursor handle identifying the transaction and
- *	database for which we are allocating.
- * @param[in] num the number of pages to allocate.
- * @param[out] mp Address of the allocated page(s). Requests for multiple pages
- *  will always be satisfied by a single contiguous chunk of memory.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_alloc(MDB_cursor *mc, int num, MDB_page **mp)
-{
-#ifdef MDB_PARANOID	/* Seems like we can ignore this now */
-	/* Get at most <Max_retries> more freeDB records once me_pghead
-	 * has enough pages.  If not enough, use new pages from the map.
-	 * If <Paranoid> and mc is updating the freeDB, only get new
-	 * records if me_pghead is empty. Then the freelist cannot play
-	 * catch-up with itself by growing while trying to save it.
-	 */
-	enum { Paranoid = 1, Max_retries = 500 };
-#else
-	enum { Paranoid = 0, Max_retries = INT_MAX /*infinite*/ };
-#endif
-	int rc, retry = num * 60;
-	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	pgno_t pgno, *mop = env->me_pghead;
-	unsigned i, j, mop_len = mop ? mop[0] : 0, n2 = num-1;
-	MDB_page *np;
-	txnid_t oldest = 0, last;
-	MDB_cursor_op op;
-	MDB_cursor m2;
-	int found_old = 0;
-
-	/* If there are any loose pages, just use them */
-	if (num == 1 && txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
-		np = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
-		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(np);
-		txn->mt_loose_count--;
-		DPRINTF(("db %d use loose page %"Z"u", DDBI(mc),
-				np->mp_pgno));
-		*mp = np;
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	*mp = NULL;
-
-	/* If our dirty list is already full, we can't do anything */
-	if (txn->mt_dirty_room == 0) {
-		rc = MDB_TXN_FULL;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	for (op = MDB_FIRST;; op = MDB_NEXT) {
-		MDB_val key, data;
-		MDB_node *leaf;
-		pgno_t *idl;
-
-		/* Seek a big enough contiguous page range. Prefer
-		 * pages at the tail, just truncating the list.
-		 */
-		if (mop_len > n2) {
-			i = mop_len;
-			do {
-				pgno = mop[i];
-				if (mop[i-n2] == pgno+n2)
-					goto search_done;
-			} while (--i > n2);
-			if (--retry < 0)
-				break;
-		}
-
-		if (op == MDB_FIRST) {	/* 1st iteration */
-			/* Prepare to fetch more and coalesce */
-			last = env->me_pglast;
-			oldest = env->me_pgoldest;
-			mdb_cursor_init(&m2, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
-			if (last) {
-				op = MDB_SET_RANGE;
-				key.mv_data = &last; /* will look up last+1 */
-				key.mv_size = sizeof(last);
-			}
-			if (Paranoid && mc->mc_dbi == FREE_DBI)
-				retry = -1;
-		}
-		if (Paranoid && retry < 0 && mop_len)
-			break;
-
-		last++;
-		/* Do not fetch more if the record will be too recent */
-		if (oldest <= last) {
-			if (!found_old) {
-				oldest = mdb_find_oldest(txn);
-				env->me_pgoldest = oldest;
-				found_old = 1;
-			}
-			if (oldest <= last)
-				break;
-		}
-		rc = mdb_cursor_get(&m2, &key, NULL, op);
-		if (rc) {
-			if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND)
-				break;
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		last = *(txnid_t*)key.mv_data;
-		if (oldest <= last) {
-			if (!found_old) {
-				oldest = mdb_find_oldest(txn);
-				env->me_pgoldest = oldest;
-				found_old = 1;
-			}
-			if (oldest <= last)
-				break;
-		}
-		np = m2.mc_pg[m2.mc_top];
-		leaf = NODEPTR(np, m2.mc_ki[m2.mc_top]);
-		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(&m2, leaf, &data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-			goto fail;
-
-		idl = (MDB_ID *) data.mv_data;
-		i = idl[0];
-		if (!mop) {
-			if (!(env->me_pghead = mop = mdb_midl_alloc(i))) {
-				rc = ENOMEM;
-				goto fail;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, i)) != 0)
-				goto fail;
-			mop = env->me_pghead;
-		}
-		env->me_pglast = last;
-#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 1
-		DPRINTF(("IDL read txn %"Z"u root %"Z"u num %u",
-			last, txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root, i));
-		for (j = i; j; j--)
-			DPRINTF(("IDL %"Z"u", idl[j]));
-#endif
-		/* Merge in descending sorted order */
-		mdb_midl_xmerge(mop, idl);
-		mop_len = mop[0];
-	}
-
-	/* Use new pages from the map when nothing suitable in the freeDB */
-	i = 0;
-	pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno;
-	if (pgno + num >= env->me_maxpg) {
-			DPUTS("DB size maxed out");
-			rc = MDB_MAP_FULL;
-			goto fail;
-	}
-
-search_done:
-	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
-		np = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
-	} else {
-		if (!(np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, num))) {
-			rc = ENOMEM;
-			goto fail;
-		}
-	}
-	if (i) {
-		mop[0] = mop_len -= num;
-		/* Move any stragglers down */
-		for (j = i-num; j < mop_len; )
-			mop[++j] = mop[++i];
-	} else {
-		txn->mt_next_pgno = pgno + num;
-	}
-	np->mp_pgno = pgno;
-	mdb_page_dirty(txn, np);
-	*mp = np;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-fail:
-	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Copy the used portions of a non-overflow page.
- * @param[in] dst page to copy into
- * @param[in] src page to copy from
- * @param[in] psize size of a page
- */
-static void
-mdb_page_copy(MDB_page *dst, MDB_page *src, unsigned int psize)
-{
-	enum { Align = sizeof(pgno_t) };
-	indx_t upper = src->mp_upper, lower = src->mp_lower, unused = upper-lower;
-
-	/* If page isn't full, just copy the used portion. Adjust
-	 * alignment so memcpy may copy words instead of bytes.
-	 */
-	if ((unused &= -Align) && !IS_LEAF2(src)) {
-		upper = (upper + PAGEBASE) & -Align;
-		memcpy(dst, src, (lower + PAGEBASE + (Align-1)) & -Align);
-		memcpy((pgno_t *)((char *)dst+upper), (pgno_t *)((char *)src+upper),
-			psize - upper);
-	} else {
-		memcpy(dst, src, psize - unused);
-	}
-}
-
-/** Pull a page off the txn's spill list, if present.
- * If a page being referenced was spilled to disk in this txn, bring
- * it back and make it dirty/writable again.
- * @param[in] txn the transaction handle.
- * @param[in] mp the page being referenced. It must not be dirty.
- * @param[out] ret the writable page, if any. ret is unchanged if
- * mp wasn't spilled.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_unspill(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_page *mp, MDB_page **ret)
-{
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	const MDB_txn *tx2;
-	unsigned x;
-	pgno_t pgno = mp->mp_pgno, pn = pgno << 1;
-
-	for (tx2 = txn; tx2; tx2=tx2->mt_parent) {
-		if (!tx2->mt_spill_pgs)
-			continue;
-		x = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
-		if (x <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[x] == pn) {
-			MDB_page *np;
-			int num;
-			if (txn->mt_dirty_room == 0)
-				return MDB_TXN_FULL;
-			if (IS_OVERFLOW(mp))
-				num = mp->mp_pages;
-			else
-				num = 1;
-			if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
-				np = mp;
-			} else {
-				np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, num);
-				if (!np)
-					return ENOMEM;
-				if (num > 1)
-					memcpy(np, mp, num * env->me_psize);
-				else
-					mdb_page_copy(np, mp, env->me_psize);
-			}
-			if (tx2 == txn) {
-				/* If in current txn, this page is no longer spilled.
-				 * If it happens to be the last page, truncate the spill list.
-				 * Otherwise mark it as deleted by setting the LSB.
-				 */
-				if (x == txn->mt_spill_pgs[0])
-					txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]--;
-				else
-					txn->mt_spill_pgs[x] |= 1;
-			}	/* otherwise, if belonging to a parent txn, the
-				 * page remains spilled until child commits
-				 */
-
-			mdb_page_dirty(txn, np);
-			np->mp_flags |= P_DIRTY;
-			*ret = np;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Touch a page: make it dirty and re-insert into tree with updated pgno.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- * @param[in] mc cursor pointing to the page to be touched
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_touch(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], *np;
-	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-	MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-	pgno_t	pgno;
-	int rc;
-
-	if (!F_ISSET(mp->mp_flags, P_DIRTY)) {
-		if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_SPILLS) {
-			np = NULL;
-			rc = mdb_page_unspill(txn, mp, &np);
-			if (rc)
-				goto fail;
-			if (np)
-				goto done;
-		}
-		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, 1)) ||
-			(rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, 1, &np)))
-			goto fail;
-		pgno = np->mp_pgno;
-		DPRINTF(("touched db %d page %"Z"u -> %"Z"u", DDBI(mc),
-			mp->mp_pgno, pgno));
-		mdb_cassert(mc, mp->mp_pgno != pgno);
-		mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
-		/* Update the parent page, if any, to point to the new page */
-		if (mc->mc_top) {
-			MDB_page *parent = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top-1];
-			MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(parent, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top-1]);
-			SETPGNO(node, pgno);
-		} else {
-			mc->mc_db->md_root = pgno;
-		}
-	} else if (txn->mt_parent && !IS_SUBP(mp)) {
-		MDB_ID2 mid, *dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-		pgno = mp->mp_pgno;
-		/* If txn has a parent, make sure the page is in our
-		 * dirty list.
-		 */
-		if (dl[0].mid) {
-			unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
-			if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
-				if (mp != dl[x].mptr) { /* bad cursor? */
-					mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-					txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-					return MDB_CORRUPTED;
-				}
-				return 0;
-			}
-		}
-		mdb_cassert(mc, dl[0].mid < MDB_IDL_UM_MAX);
-		/* No - copy it */
-		np = mdb_page_malloc(txn, 1);
-		if (!np)
-			return ENOMEM;
-		mid.mid = pgno;
-		mid.mptr = np;
-		rc = mdb_mid2l_insert(dl, &mid);
-		mdb_cassert(mc, rc == 0);
-	} else {
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	mdb_page_copy(np, mp, txn->mt_env->me_psize);
-	np->mp_pgno = pgno;
-	np->mp_flags |= P_DIRTY;
-
-done:
-	/* Adjust cursors pointing to mp */
-	mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
-	m2 = txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) {
-		for (; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-			m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-			if (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
-			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp)
-				m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-			if (m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
-			if (m2 == mc) continue;
-			if (m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
-				m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = np;
-				if (IS_LEAF(np))
-					XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, mc->mc_top, np);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-
-fail:
-	txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_env_sync(MDB_env *env, int force)
-{
-	int rc = 0;
-	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)
-		return EACCES;
-	if (force || !F_ISSET(env->me_flags, MDB_NOSYNC)) {
-		if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
-			int flags = ((env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) && !force)
-				? MS_ASYNC : MS_SYNC;
-			if (MDB_MSYNC(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, flags))
-				rc = ErrCode();
-#ifdef _WIN32
-			else if (flags == MS_SYNC && MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
-				rc = ErrCode();
-#endif
-		} else {
-#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
-			if (env->me_flags & MDB_FSYNCONLY) {
-				if (fsync(env->me_fd))
-					rc = ErrCode();
-			} else
-#endif
-			if (MDB_FDATASYNC(env->me_fd))
-				rc = ErrCode();
-		}
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Back up parent txn's cursors, then grab the originals for tracking */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_shadow(MDB_txn *src, MDB_txn *dst)
-{
-	MDB_cursor *mc, *bk;
-	MDB_xcursor *mx;
-	size_t size;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = src->mt_numdbs; --i >= 0; ) {
-		if ((mc = src->mt_cursors[i]) != NULL) {
-			size = sizeof(MDB_cursor);
-			if (mc->mc_xcursor)
-				size += sizeof(MDB_xcursor);
-			for (; mc; mc = bk->mc_next) {
-				bk = malloc(size);
-				if (!bk)
-					return ENOMEM;
-				*bk = *mc;
-				mc->mc_backup = bk;
-				mc->mc_db = &dst->mt_dbs[i];
-				/* Kill pointers into src to reduce abuse: The
-				 * user may not use mc until dst ends. But we need a valid
-				 * txn pointer here for cursor fixups to keep working.
-				 */
-				mc->mc_txn    = dst;
-				mc->mc_dbflag = &dst->mt_dbflags[i];
-				if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL) {
-					*(MDB_xcursor *)(bk+1) = *mx;
-					mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = dst;
-				}
-				mc->mc_next = dst->mt_cursors[i];
-				dst->mt_cursors[i] = mc;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Close this write txn's cursors, give parent txn's cursors back to parent.
- * @param[in] txn the transaction handle.
- * @param[in] merge true to keep changes to parent cursors, false to revert.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static void
-mdb_cursors_close(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned merge)
-{
-	MDB_cursor **cursors = txn->mt_cursors, *mc, *next, *bk;
-	MDB_xcursor *mx;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = txn->mt_numdbs; --i >= 0; ) {
-		for (mc = cursors[i]; mc; mc = next) {
-			next = mc->mc_next;
-			if ((bk = mc->mc_backup) != NULL) {
-				if (merge) {
-					/* Commit changes to parent txn */
-					mc->mc_next = bk->mc_next;
-					mc->mc_backup = bk->mc_backup;
-					mc->mc_txn = bk->mc_txn;
-					mc->mc_db = bk->mc_db;
-					mc->mc_dbflag = bk->mc_dbflag;
-					if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL)
-						mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = bk->mc_txn;
-				} else {
-					/* Abort nested txn */
-					*mc = *bk;
-					if ((mx = mc->mc_xcursor) != NULL)
-						*mx = *(MDB_xcursor *)(bk+1);
-				}
-				mc = bk;
-			}
-			/* Only malloced cursors are permanently tracked. */
-			free(mc);
-		}
-		cursors[i] = NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-#if !(MDB_PIDLOCK)		/* Currently the same as defined(_WIN32) */
-enum Pidlock_op {
-	Pidset, Pidcheck
-};
-#else
-enum Pidlock_op {
-	Pidset = F_SETLK, Pidcheck = F_GETLK
-};
-#endif
-
-/** Set or check a pid lock. Set returns 0 on success.
- * Check returns 0 if the process is certainly dead, nonzero if it may
- * be alive (the lock exists or an error happened so we do not know).
- *
- * On Windows Pidset is a no-op, we merely check for the existence
- * of the process with the given pid. On POSIX we use a single byte
- * lock on the lockfile, set at an offset equal to the pid.
- */
-static int
-mdb_reader_pid(MDB_env *env, enum Pidlock_op op, MDB_PID_T pid)
-{
-#if !(MDB_PIDLOCK)		/* Currently the same as defined(_WIN32) */
-	int ret = 0;
-	HANDLE h;
-	if (op == Pidcheck) {
-		h = OpenProcess(env->me_pidquery, FALSE, pid);
-		/* No documented "no such process" code, but other program use this: */
-		if (!h)
-			return ErrCode() != ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
-		/* A process exists until all handles to it close. Has it exited? */
-		ret = WaitForSingleObject(h, 0) != 0;
-		CloseHandle(h);
-	}
-	return ret;
-#else
-	for (;;) {
-		int rc;
-		struct flock lock_info;
-		memset(&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
-		lock_info.l_type = F_WRLCK;
-		lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-		lock_info.l_start = pid;
-		lock_info.l_len = 1;
-		if ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, op, &lock_info)) == 0) {
-			if (op == F_GETLK && lock_info.l_type != F_UNLCK)
-				rc = -1;
-		} else if ((rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) {
-			continue;
-		}
-		return rc;
-	}
-#endif
-}
-
-/** Common code for #mdb_txn_begin() and #mdb_txn_renew().
- * @param[in] txn the transaction handle to initialize
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_txn_renew0(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_txninfo *ti = env->me_txns;
-	MDB_meta *meta;
-	unsigned int i, nr, flags = txn->mt_flags;
-	uint16_t x;
-	int rc, new_notls = 0;
-
-	if ((flags &= MDB_TXN_RDONLY) != 0) {
-		if (!ti) {
-			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
-			txn->mt_u.reader = NULL;
-		} else {
-			MDB_reader *r = (env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS) ? txn->mt_u.reader :
-				pthread_getspecific(env->me_txkey);
-			if (r) {
-				if (r->mr_pid != env->me_pid || r->mr_txnid != (txnid_t)-1)
-					return MDB_BAD_RSLOT;
-			} else {
-				MDB_PID_T pid = env->me_pid;
-				MDB_THR_T tid = pthread_self();
-				mdb_mutexref_t rmutex = env->me_rmutex;
-
-				if (!env->me_live_reader) {
-					rc = mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidset, pid);
-					if (rc)
-						return rc;
-					env->me_live_reader = 1;
-				}
-
-				if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, rmutex))
-					return rc;
-				nr = ti->mti_numreaders;
-				for (i=0; i<nr; i++)
-					if (ti->mti_readers[i].mr_pid == 0)
-						break;
-				if (i == env->me_maxreaders) {
-					UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
-					return MDB_READERS_FULL;
-				}
-				r = &ti->mti_readers[i];
-				/* Claim the reader slot, carefully since other code
-				 * uses the reader table un-mutexed: First reset the
-				 * slot, next publish it in mti_numreaders.  After
-				 * that, it is safe for mdb_env_close() to touch it.
-				 * When it will be closed, we can finally claim it.
-				 */
-				r->mr_pid = 0;
-				r->mr_txnid = (txnid_t)-1;
-				r->mr_tid = tid;
-				if (i == nr)
-					ti->mti_numreaders = ++nr;
-				env->me_close_readers = nr;
-				r->mr_pid = pid;
-				UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
-
-				new_notls = (env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS);
-				if (!new_notls && (rc=pthread_setspecific(env->me_txkey, r))) {
-					r->mr_pid = 0;
-					return rc;
-				}
-			}
-			do /* LY: Retry on a race, ITS#7970. */
-				r->mr_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
-			while(r->mr_txnid != ti->mti_txnid);
-			txn->mt_txnid = r->mr_txnid;
-			txn->mt_u.reader = r;
-			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
-		}
-
-	} else {
-		/* Not yet touching txn == env->me_txn0, it may be active */
-		if (ti) {
-			if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, env->me_wmutex))
-				return rc;
-			txn->mt_txnid = ti->mti_txnid;
-			meta = env->me_metas[txn->mt_txnid & 1];
-		} else {
-			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-			txn->mt_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
-		}
-		txn->mt_txnid++;
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-		if (txn->mt_txnid == mdb_debug_start)
-			mdb_debug = 1;
-#endif
-		txn->mt_child = NULL;
-		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
-		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
-		txn->mt_dirty_room = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX;
-		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = env->me_dirty_list;
-		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
-		txn->mt_free_pgs = env->me_free_pgs;
-		txn->mt_free_pgs[0] = 0;
-		txn->mt_spill_pgs = NULL;
-		env->me_txn = txn;
-		memcpy(txn->mt_dbiseqs, env->me_dbiseqs, env->me_maxdbs * sizeof(unsigned int));
-	}
-
-	/* Copy the DB info and flags */
-	memcpy(txn->mt_dbs, meta->mm_dbs, CORE_DBS * sizeof(MDB_db));
-
-	/* Moved to here to avoid a data race in read TXNs */
-	txn->mt_next_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg+1;
-
-	txn->mt_flags = flags;
-
-	/* Setup db info */
-	txn->mt_numdbs = env->me_numdbs;
-	for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
-		x = env->me_dbflags[i];
-		txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags = x & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
-		txn->mt_dbflags[i] = (x & MDB_VALID) ? DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_STALE : 0;
-	}
-	txn->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI] = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID;
-	txn->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI] = DB_VALID;
-
-	if (env->me_flags & MDB_FATAL_ERROR) {
-		DPUTS("environment had fatal error, must shutdown!");
-		rc = MDB_PANIC;
-	} else if (env->me_maxpg < txn->mt_next_pgno) {
-		rc = MDB_MAP_RESIZED;
-	} else {
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-	mdb_txn_end(txn, new_notls /*0 or MDB_END_SLOT*/ | MDB_END_FAIL_BEGIN);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_txn_renew(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	int rc;
-
-	if (!txn || !F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_FINISHED))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		DPRINTF(("renew txn %"Z"u%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
-			txn->mt_txnid, (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
-			(void *)txn, (void *)txn->mt_env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_txn_begin(MDB_env *env, MDB_txn *parent, unsigned int flags, MDB_txn **ret)
-{
-	MDB_txn *txn;
-	MDB_ntxn *ntxn;
-	int rc, size, tsize;
-
-	flags &= MDB_TXN_BEGIN_FLAGS;
-	flags |= env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP;
-
-	if (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY & ~flags) /* write txn in RDONLY env */
-		return EACCES;
-
-	if (parent) {
-		/* Nested transactions: Max 1 child, write txns only, no writemap */
-		flags |= parent->mt_flags;
-		if (flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_WRITEMAP|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)) {
-			return (parent->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EINVAL : MDB_BAD_TXN;
-		}
-		/* Child txns save MDB_pgstate and use own copy of cursors */
-		size = env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+1);
-		size += tsize = sizeof(MDB_ntxn);
-	} else if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
-		size = env->me_maxdbs * (sizeof(MDB_db)+1);
-		size += tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn);
-	} else {
-		/* Reuse preallocated write txn. However, do not touch it until
-		 * mdb_txn_renew0() succeeds, since it currently may be active.
-		 */
-		txn = env->me_txn0;
-		goto renew;
-	}
-	if ((txn = calloc(1, size)) == NULL) {
-		DPRINTF(("calloc: %s", strerror(errno)));
-		return ENOMEM;
-	}
-	txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;	/* static */
-	txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *) ((char *)txn + tsize);
-	txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)txn + size - env->me_maxdbs;
-	txn->mt_flags = flags;
-	txn->mt_env = env;
-
-	if (parent) {
-		unsigned int i;
-		txn->mt_cursors = (MDB_cursor **)(txn->mt_dbs + env->me_maxdbs);
-		txn->mt_dbiseqs = parent->mt_dbiseqs;
-		txn->mt_u.dirty_list = malloc(sizeof(MDB_ID2)*MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE);
-		if (!txn->mt_u.dirty_list ||
-			!(txn->mt_free_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX)))
-		{
-			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
-			free(txn);
-			return ENOMEM;
-		}
-		txn->mt_txnid = parent->mt_txnid;
-		txn->mt_dirty_room = parent->mt_dirty_room;
-		txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid = 0;
-		txn->mt_spill_pgs = NULL;
-		txn->mt_next_pgno = parent->mt_next_pgno;
-		parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD;
-		parent->mt_child = txn;
-		txn->mt_parent = parent;
-		txn->mt_numdbs = parent->mt_numdbs;
-		memcpy(txn->mt_dbs, parent->mt_dbs, txn->mt_numdbs * sizeof(MDB_db));
-		/* Copy parent's mt_dbflags, but clear DB_NEW */
-		for (i=0; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++)
-			txn->mt_dbflags[i] = parent->mt_dbflags[i] & ~DB_NEW;
-		rc = 0;
-		ntxn = (MDB_ntxn *)txn;
-		ntxn->mnt_pgstate = env->me_pgstate; /* save parent me_pghead & co */
-		if (env->me_pghead) {
-			size = MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(env->me_pghead);
-			env->me_pghead = mdb_midl_alloc(env->me_pghead[0]);
-			if (env->me_pghead)
-				memcpy(env->me_pghead, ntxn->mnt_pgstate.mf_pghead, size);
-			else
-				rc = ENOMEM;
-		}
-		if (!rc)
-			rc = mdb_cursor_shadow(parent, txn);
-		if (rc)
-			mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_FAIL_BEGINCHILD);
-	} else { /* MDB_RDONLY */
-		txn->mt_dbiseqs = env->me_dbiseqs;
-renew:
-		rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
-	}
-	if (rc) {
-		if (txn != env->me_txn0)
-			free(txn);
-	} else {
-		txn->mt_flags |= flags;	/* could not change txn=me_txn0 earlier */
-		*ret = txn;
-		DPRINTF(("begin txn %"Z"u%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
-			txn->mt_txnid, (flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
-			(void *) txn, (void *) env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
-	}
-
-	return rc;
-}
-
-MDB_env *
-mdb_txn_env(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	if(!txn) return NULL;
-	return txn->mt_env;
-}
-
-size_t
-mdb_txn_id(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-    if(!txn) return 0;
-    return txn->mt_txnid;
-}
-
-/** Export or close DBI handles opened in this txn. */
-static void
-mdb_dbis_update(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
-{
-	int i;
-	MDB_dbi n = txn->mt_numdbs;
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	unsigned char *tdbflags = txn->mt_dbflags;
-
-	for (i = n; --i >= CORE_DBS;) {
-		if (tdbflags[i] & DB_NEW) {
-			if (keep) {
-				env->me_dbflags[i] = txn->mt_dbs[i].md_flags | MDB_VALID;
-			} else {
-				char *ptr = env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data;
-				if (ptr) {
-					env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data = NULL;
-					env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size = 0;
-					env->me_dbflags[i] = 0;
-					env->me_dbiseqs[i]++;
-					free(ptr);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (keep && env->me_numdbs < n)
-		env->me_numdbs = n;
-}
-
-/** End a transaction, except successful commit of a nested transaction.
- * May be called twice for readonly txns: First reset it, then abort.
- * @param[in] txn the transaction handle to end
- * @param[in] mode why and how to end the transaction
- */
-static void
-mdb_txn_end(MDB_txn *txn, unsigned mode)
-{
-	MDB_env	*env = txn->mt_env;
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-	static const char *const names[] = MDB_END_NAMES;
-#endif
-
-	/* Export or close DBI handles opened in this txn */
-	mdb_dbis_update(txn, mode & MDB_END_UPDATE);
-
-	DPRINTF(("%s txn %"Z"u%c %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
-		names[mode & MDB_END_OPMASK],
-		txn->mt_txnid, (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? 'r' : 'w',
-		(void *) txn, (void *)env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
-
-	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
-		if (txn->mt_u.reader) {
-			txn->mt_u.reader->mr_txnid = (txnid_t)-1;
-			if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS)) {
-				txn->mt_u.reader = NULL; /* txn does not own reader */
-			} else if (mode & MDB_END_SLOT) {
-				txn->mt_u.reader->mr_pid = 0;
-				txn->mt_u.reader = NULL;
-			} /* else txn owns the slot until it does MDB_END_SLOT */
-		}
-		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;		/* prevent further DBI activity */
-		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
-
-	} else if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_FINISHED)) {
-		pgno_t *pghead = env->me_pghead;
-
-		if (!(mode & MDB_END_UPDATE)) /* !(already closed cursors) */
-			mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
-		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)) {
-			mdb_dlist_free(txn);
-		}
-
-		txn->mt_numdbs = 0;
-		txn->mt_flags = MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
-
-		if (!txn->mt_parent) {
-			mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs);
-			env->me_free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
-			/* me_pgstate: */
-			env->me_pghead = NULL;
-			env->me_pglast = 0;
-
-			env->me_txn = NULL;
-			mode = 0;	/* txn == env->me_txn0, do not free() it */
-
-			/* The writer mutex was locked in mdb_txn_begin. */
-			if (env->me_txns)
-				UNLOCK_MUTEX(env->me_wmutex);
-		} else {
-			txn->mt_parent->mt_child = NULL;
-			txn->mt_parent->mt_flags &= ~MDB_TXN_HAS_CHILD;
-			env->me_pgstate = ((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate;
-			mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
-			mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
-			free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
-		}
-
-		mdb_midl_free(pghead);
-	}
-
-	if (mode & MDB_END_FREE)
-		free(txn);
-}
-
-void
-mdb_txn_reset(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	if (txn == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	/* This call is only valid for read-only txns */
-	if (!(txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
-		return;
-
-	mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_RESET);
-}
-
-void
-mdb_txn_abort(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	if (txn == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	if (txn->mt_child)
-		mdb_txn_abort(txn->mt_child);
-
-	mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_ABORT|MDB_END_SLOT|MDB_END_FREE);
-}
-
-/** Save the freelist as of this transaction to the freeDB.
- * This changes the freelist. Keep trying until it stabilizes.
- */
-static int
-mdb_freelist_save(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	/* env->me_pghead[] can grow and shrink during this call.
-	 * env->me_pglast and txn->mt_free_pgs[] can only grow.
-	 * Page numbers cannot disappear from txn->mt_free_pgs[].
-	 */
-	MDB_cursor mc;
-	MDB_env	*env = txn->mt_env;
-	int rc, maxfree_1pg = env->me_maxfree_1pg, more = 1;
-	txnid_t	pglast = 0, head_id = 0;
-	pgno_t	freecnt = 0, *free_pgs, *mop;
-	ssize_t	head_room = 0, total_room = 0, mop_len, clean_limit;
-
-	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
-
-	if (env->me_pghead) {
-		/* Make sure first page of freeDB is touched and on freelist */
-		rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST|MDB_PS_MODIFY);
-		if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
-			return rc;
-	}
-
-	if (!env->me_pghead && txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
-		/* Put loose page numbers in mt_free_pgs, since
-		 * we may be unable to return them to me_pghead.
-		 */
-		MDB_page *mp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
-		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, txn->mt_loose_count)) != 0)
-			return rc;
-		for (; mp; mp = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp))
-			mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
-		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
-		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
-	}
-
-	/* MDB_RESERVE cancels meminit in ovpage malloc (when no WRITEMAP) */
-	clean_limit = (env->me_flags & (MDB_NOMEMINIT|MDB_WRITEMAP))
-		? SSIZE_MAX : maxfree_1pg;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		/* Come back here after each Put() in case freelist changed */
-		MDB_val key, data;
-		pgno_t *pgs;
-		ssize_t j;
-
-		/* If using records from freeDB which we have not yet
-		 * deleted, delete them and any we reserved for me_pghead.
-		 */
-		while (pglast < env->me_pglast) {
-			rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc, &key, NULL);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-			pglast = head_id = *(txnid_t *)key.mv_data;
-			total_room = head_room = 0;
-			mdb_tassert(txn, pglast <= env->me_pglast);
-			rc = mdb_cursor_del(&mc, 0);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-		}
-
-		/* Save the IDL of pages freed by this txn, to a single record */
-		if (freecnt < txn->mt_free_pgs[0]) {
-			if (!freecnt) {
-				/* Make sure last page of freeDB is touched and on freelist */
-				rc = mdb_page_search(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_LAST|MDB_PS_MODIFY);
-				if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
-					return rc;
-			}
-			free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
-			/* Write to last page of freeDB */
-			key.mv_size = sizeof(txn->mt_txnid);
-			key.mv_data = &txn->mt_txnid;
-			do {
-				freecnt = free_pgs[0];
-				data.mv_size = MDB_IDL_SIZEOF(free_pgs);
-				rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_RESERVE);
-				if (rc)
-					return rc;
-				/* Retry if mt_free_pgs[] grew during the Put() */
-				free_pgs = txn->mt_free_pgs;
-			} while (freecnt < free_pgs[0]);
-			mdb_midl_sort(free_pgs);
-			memcpy(data.mv_data, free_pgs, data.mv_size);
-#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 1
-			{
-				unsigned int i = free_pgs[0];
-				DPRINTF(("IDL write txn %"Z"u root %"Z"u num %u",
-					txn->mt_txnid, txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root, i));
-				for (; i; i--)
-					DPRINTF(("IDL %"Z"u", free_pgs[i]));
-			}
-#endif
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		mop = env->me_pghead;
-		mop_len = (mop ? mop[0] : 0) + txn->mt_loose_count;
-
-		/* Reserve records for me_pghead[]. Split it if multi-page,
-		 * to avoid searching freeDB for a page range. Use keys in
-		 * range [1,me_pglast]: Smaller than txnid of oldest reader.
-		 */
-		if (total_room >= mop_len) {
-			if (total_room == mop_len || --more < 0)
-				break;
-		} else if (head_room >= maxfree_1pg && head_id > 1) {
-			/* Keep current record (overflow page), add a new one */
-			head_id--;
-			head_room = 0;
-		}
-		/* (Re)write {key = head_id, IDL length = head_room} */
-		total_room -= head_room;
-		head_room = mop_len - total_room;
-		if (head_room > maxfree_1pg && head_id > 1) {
-			/* Overflow multi-page for part of me_pghead */
-			head_room /= head_id; /* amortize page sizes */
-			head_room += maxfree_1pg - head_room % (maxfree_1pg + 1);
-		} else if (head_room < 0) {
-			/* Rare case, not bothering to delete this record */
-			head_room = 0;
-		}
-		key.mv_size = sizeof(head_id);
-		key.mv_data = &head_id;
-		data.mv_size = (head_room + 1) * sizeof(pgno_t);
-		rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_RESERVE);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		/* IDL is initially empty, zero out at least the length */
-		pgs = (pgno_t *)data.mv_data;
-		j = head_room > clean_limit ? head_room : 0;
-		do {
-			pgs[j] = 0;
-		} while (--j >= 0);
-		total_room += head_room;
-	}
-
-	/* Return loose page numbers to me_pghead, though usually none are
-	 * left at this point.  The pages themselves remain in dirty_list.
-	 */
-	if (txn->mt_loose_pgs) {
-		MDB_page *mp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
-		unsigned count = txn->mt_loose_count;
-		MDB_IDL loose;
-		/* Room for loose pages + temp IDL with same */
-		if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, 2*count+1)) != 0)
-			return rc;
-		mop = env->me_pghead;
-		loose = mop + MDB_IDL_ALLOCLEN(mop) - count;
-		for (count = 0; mp; mp = NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(mp))
-			loose[ ++count ] = mp->mp_pgno;
-		loose[0] = count;
-		mdb_midl_sort(loose);
-		mdb_midl_xmerge(mop, loose);
-		txn->mt_loose_pgs = NULL;
-		txn->mt_loose_count = 0;
-		mop_len = mop[0];
-	}
-
-	/* Fill in the reserved me_pghead records */
-	rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-	if (mop_len) {
-		MDB_val key, data;
-
-		mop += mop_len;
-		rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc, &key, &data);
-		for (; !rc; rc = mdb_cursor_next(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) {
-			txnid_t id = *(txnid_t *)key.mv_data;
-			ssize_t	len = (ssize_t)(data.mv_size / sizeof(MDB_ID)) - 1;
-			MDB_ID save;
-
-			mdb_tassert(txn, len >= 0 && id <= env->me_pglast);
-			key.mv_data = &id;
-			if (len > mop_len) {
-				len = mop_len;
-				data.mv_size = (len + 1) * sizeof(MDB_ID);
-			}
-			data.mv_data = mop -= len;
-			save = mop[0];
-			mop[0] = len;
-			rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_CURRENT);
-			mop[0] = save;
-			if (rc || !(mop_len -= len))
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Flush (some) dirty pages to the map, after clearing their dirty flag.
- * @param[in] txn the transaction that's being committed
- * @param[in] keep number of initial pages in dirty_list to keep dirty.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_flush(MDB_txn *txn, int keep)
-{
-	MDB_env		*env = txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_ID2L	dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-	unsigned	psize = env->me_psize, j;
-	int			i, pagecount = dl[0].mid, rc;
-	size_t		size = 0, pos = 0;
-	pgno_t		pgno = 0;
-	MDB_page	*dp = NULL;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	OVERLAPPED	ov;
-#else
-	struct iovec iov[MDB_COMMIT_PAGES];
-	ssize_t		wpos = 0, wsize = 0, wres;
-	size_t		next_pos = 1; /* impossible pos, so pos != next_pos */
-	int			n = 0;
-#endif
-
-	j = i = keep;
-
-	if (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
-		/* Clear dirty flags */
-		while (++i <= pagecount) {
-			dp = dl[i].mptr;
-			/* Don't flush this page yet */
-			if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP)) {
-				dp->mp_flags &= ~P_KEEP;
-				dl[++j] = dl[i];
-				continue;
-			}
-			dp->mp_flags &= ~P_DIRTY;
-		}
-		goto done;
-	}
-
-	/* Write the pages */
-	for (;;) {
-		if (++i <= pagecount) {
-			dp = dl[i].mptr;
-			/* Don't flush this page yet */
-			if (dp->mp_flags & (P_LOOSE|P_KEEP)) {
-				dp->mp_flags &= ~P_KEEP;
-				dl[i].mid = 0;
-				continue;
-			}
-			pgno = dl[i].mid;
-			/* clear dirty flag */
-			dp->mp_flags &= ~P_DIRTY;
-			pos = pgno * psize;
-			size = psize;
-			if (IS_OVERFLOW(dp)) size *= dp->mp_pages;
-		}
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		else break;
-
-		/* Windows actually supports scatter/gather I/O, but only on
-		 * unbuffered file handles. Since we're relying on the OS page
-		 * cache for all our data, that's self-defeating. So we just
-		 * write pages one at a time. We use the ov structure to set
-		 * the write offset, to at least save the overhead of a Seek
-		 * system call.
-		 */
-		DPRINTF(("committing page %"Z"u", pgno));
-		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-		ov.Offset = pos & 0xffffffff;
-		ov.OffsetHigh = pos >> 16 >> 16;
-		if (!WriteFile(env->me_fd, dp, size, NULL, &ov)) {
-			rc = ErrCode();
-			DPRINTF(("WriteFile: %d", rc));
-			return rc;
-		}
-#else
-		/* Write up to MDB_COMMIT_PAGES dirty pages at a time. */
-		if (pos!=next_pos || n==MDB_COMMIT_PAGES || wsize+size>MAX_WRITE) {
-			if (n) {
-retry_write:
-				/* Write previous page(s) */
-#ifdef MDB_USE_PWRITEV
-				wres = pwritev(env->me_fd, iov, n, wpos);
-#else
-				if (n == 1) {
-					wres = pwrite(env->me_fd, iov[0].iov_base, wsize, wpos);
-				} else {
-retry_seek:
-					if (lseek(env->me_fd, wpos, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
-						rc = ErrCode();
-						if (rc == EINTR)
-							goto retry_seek;
-						DPRINTF(("lseek: %s", strerror(rc)));
-						return rc;
-					}
-					wres = writev(env->me_fd, iov, n);
-				}
-#endif
-				if (wres != wsize) {
-					if (wres < 0) {
-						rc = ErrCode();
-						if (rc == EINTR)
-							goto retry_write;
-						DPRINTF(("Write error: %s", strerror(rc)));
-					} else {
-						rc = EIO; /* TODO: Use which error code? */
-						DPUTS("short write, filesystem full?");
-					}
-					return rc;
-				}
-				n = 0;
-			}
-			if (i > pagecount)
-				break;
-			wpos = pos;
-			wsize = 0;
-		}
-		DPRINTF(("committing page %"Z"u", pgno));
-		next_pos = pos + size;
-		iov[n].iov_len = size;
-		iov[n].iov_base = (char *)dp;
-		wsize += size;
-		n++;
-#endif	/* _WIN32 */
-	}
-
-	/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, this is a no-op everywhere else
-	 * Note: for any size >= on-chip cache size, entire on-chip cache is
-	 * flushed.
-	 */
-	CACHEFLUSH(env->me_map, txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize, DCACHE);
-
-	for (i = keep; ++i <= pagecount; ) {
-		dp = dl[i].mptr;
-		/* This is a page we skipped above */
-		if (!dl[i].mid) {
-			dl[++j] = dl[i];
-			dl[j].mid = dp->mp_pgno;
-			continue;
-		}
-		mdb_dpage_free(env, dp);
-	}
-
-done:
-	i--;
-	txn->mt_dirty_room += i - j;
-	dl[0].mid = j;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_txn_commit(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	int		rc;
-	unsigned int i, end_mode;
-	MDB_env	*env;
-
-	if (txn == NULL)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	/* mdb_txn_end() mode for a commit which writes nothing */
-	end_mode = MDB_END_EMPTY_COMMIT|MDB_END_UPDATE|MDB_END_SLOT|MDB_END_FREE;
-
-	if (txn->mt_child) {
-		rc = mdb_txn_commit(txn->mt_child);
-		if (rc)
-			goto fail;
-	}
-
-	env = txn->mt_env;
-
-	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY)) {
-		goto done;
-	}
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_FINISHED|MDB_TXN_ERROR)) {
-		DPUTS("txn has failed/finished, can't commit");
-		if (txn->mt_parent)
-			txn->mt_parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-		rc = MDB_BAD_TXN;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	if (txn->mt_parent) {
-		MDB_txn *parent = txn->mt_parent;
-		MDB_page **lp;
-		MDB_ID2L dst, src;
-		MDB_IDL pspill;
-		unsigned x, y, len, ps_len;
-
-		/* Append our free list to parent's */
-		rc = mdb_midl_append_list(&parent->mt_free_pgs, txn->mt_free_pgs);
-		if (rc)
-			goto fail;
-		mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_free_pgs);
-		/* Failures after this must either undo the changes
-		 * to the parent or set MDB_TXN_ERROR in the parent.
-		 */
-
-		parent->mt_next_pgno = txn->mt_next_pgno;
-		parent->mt_flags = txn->mt_flags;
-
-		/* Merge our cursors into parent's and close them */
-		mdb_cursors_close(txn, 1);
-
-		/* Update parent's DB table. */
-		memcpy(parent->mt_dbs, txn->mt_dbs, txn->mt_numdbs * sizeof(MDB_db));
-		parent->mt_numdbs = txn->mt_numdbs;
-		parent->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbflags[FREE_DBI];
-		parent->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbflags[MAIN_DBI];
-		for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
-			/* preserve parent's DB_NEW status */
-			x = parent->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_NEW;
-			parent->mt_dbflags[i] = txn->mt_dbflags[i] | x;
-		}
-
-		dst = parent->mt_u.dirty_list;
-		src = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-		/* Remove anything in our dirty list from parent's spill list */
-		if ((pspill = parent->mt_spill_pgs) && (ps_len = pspill[0])) {
-			x = y = ps_len;
-			pspill[0] = (pgno_t)-1;
-			/* Mark our dirty pages as deleted in parent spill list */
-			for (i=0, len=src[0].mid; ++i <= len; ) {
-				MDB_ID pn = src[i].mid << 1;
-				while (pn > pspill[x])
-					x--;
-				if (pn == pspill[x]) {
-					pspill[x] = 1;
-					y = --x;
-				}
-			}
-			/* Squash deleted pagenums if we deleted any */
-			for (x=y; ++x <= ps_len; )
-				if (!(pspill[x] & 1))
-					pspill[++y] = pspill[x];
-			pspill[0] = y;
-		}
-
-		/* Remove anything in our spill list from parent's dirty list */
-		if (txn->mt_spill_pgs && txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]) {
-			for (i=1; i<=txn->mt_spill_pgs[0]; i++) {
-				MDB_ID pn = txn->mt_spill_pgs[i];
-				if (pn & 1)
-					continue;	/* deleted spillpg */
-				pn >>= 1;
-				y = mdb_mid2l_search(dst, pn);
-				if (y <= dst[0].mid && dst[y].mid == pn) {
-					free(dst[y].mptr);
-					while (y < dst[0].mid) {
-						dst[y] = dst[y+1];
-						y++;
-					}
-					dst[0].mid--;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* Find len = length of merging our dirty list with parent's */
-		x = dst[0].mid;
-		dst[0].mid = 0;		/* simplify loops */
-		if (parent->mt_parent) {
-			len = x + src[0].mid;
-			y = mdb_mid2l_search(src, dst[x].mid + 1) - 1;
-			for (i = x; y && i; y--) {
-				pgno_t yp = src[y].mid;
-				while (yp < dst[i].mid)
-					i--;
-				if (yp == dst[i].mid) {
-					i--;
-					len--;
-				}
-			}
-		} else { /* Simplify the above for single-ancestor case */
-			len = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX - txn->mt_dirty_room;
-		}
-		/* Merge our dirty list with parent's */
-		y = src[0].mid;
-		for (i = len; y; dst[i--] = src[y--]) {
-			pgno_t yp = src[y].mid;
-			while (yp < dst[x].mid)
-				dst[i--] = dst[x--];
-			if (yp == dst[x].mid)
-				free(dst[x--].mptr);
-		}
-		mdb_tassert(txn, i == x);
-		dst[0].mid = len;
-		free(txn->mt_u.dirty_list);
-		parent->mt_dirty_room = txn->mt_dirty_room;
-		if (txn->mt_spill_pgs) {
-			if (parent->mt_spill_pgs) {
-				/* TODO: Prevent failure here, so parent does not fail */
-				rc = mdb_midl_append_list(&parent->mt_spill_pgs, txn->mt_spill_pgs);
-				if (rc)
-					parent->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-				mdb_midl_free(txn->mt_spill_pgs);
-				mdb_midl_sort(parent->mt_spill_pgs);
-			} else {
-				parent->mt_spill_pgs = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* Append our loose page list to parent's */
-		for (lp = &parent->mt_loose_pgs; *lp; lp = &NEXT_LOOSE_PAGE(*lp))
-			;
-		*lp = txn->mt_loose_pgs;
-		parent->mt_loose_count += txn->mt_loose_count;
-
-		parent->mt_child = NULL;
-		mdb_midl_free(((MDB_ntxn *)txn)->mnt_pgstate.mf_pghead);
-		free(txn);
-		return rc;
-	}
-
-	if (txn != env->me_txn) {
-		DPUTS("attempt to commit unknown transaction");
-		rc = EINVAL;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	mdb_cursors_close(txn, 0);
-
-	if (!txn->mt_u.dirty_list[0].mid &&
-		!(txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_DIRTY|MDB_TXN_SPILLS)))
-		goto done;
-
-	DPRINTF(("committing txn %"Z"u %p on mdbenv %p, root page %"Z"u",
-	    txn->mt_txnid, (void*)txn, (void*)env, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
-
-	/* Update DB root pointers */
-	if (txn->mt_numdbs > CORE_DBS) {
-		MDB_cursor mc;
-		MDB_dbi i;
-		MDB_val data;
-		data.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
-
-		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
-		for (i = CORE_DBS; i < txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
-			if (txn->mt_dbflags[i] & DB_DIRTY) {
-				if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, i)) {
-					rc = MDB_BAD_DBI;
-					goto fail;
-				}
-				data.mv_data = &txn->mt_dbs[i];
-				rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name, &data,
-					F_SUBDATA);
-				if (rc)
-					goto fail;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	rc = mdb_freelist_save(txn);
-	if (rc)
-		goto fail;
-
-	mdb_midl_free(env->me_pghead);
-	env->me_pghead = NULL;
-	mdb_midl_shrink(&txn->mt_free_pgs);
-
-#if (MDB_DEBUG) > 2
-	mdb_audit(txn);
-#endif
-
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_flush(txn, 0)) ||
-		(rc = mdb_env_sync(env, 0)) ||
-		(rc = mdb_env_write_meta(txn)))
-		goto fail;
-	end_mode = MDB_END_COMMITTED|MDB_END_UPDATE;
-
-done:
-	mdb_txn_end(txn, end_mode);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-fail:
-	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Read the environment parameters of a DB environment before
- * mapping it into memory.
- * @param[in] env the environment handle
- * @param[out] meta address of where to store the meta information
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_read_header(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
-{
-	MDB_metabuf	pbuf;
-	MDB_page	*p;
-	MDB_meta	*m;
-	int			i, rc, off;
-	enum { Size = sizeof(pbuf) };
-
-	/* We don't know the page size yet, so use a minimum value.
-	 * Read both meta pages so we can use the latest one.
-	 */
-
-	for (i=off=0; i<NUM_METAS; i++, off += meta->mm_psize) {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		DWORD len;
-		OVERLAPPED ov;
-		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-		ov.Offset = off;
-		rc = ReadFile(env->me_fd, &pbuf, Size, &len, &ov) ? (int)len : -1;
-		if (rc == -1 && ErrCode() == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
-			rc = 0;
-#else
-		rc = pread(env->me_fd, &pbuf, Size, off);
-#endif
-		if (rc != Size) {
-			if (rc == 0 && off == 0)
-				return ENOENT;
-			rc = rc < 0 ? (int) ErrCode() : MDB_INVALID;
-			DPRINTF(("read: %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
-			return rc;
-		}
-
-		p = (MDB_page *)&pbuf;
-
-		if (!F_ISSET(p->mp_flags, P_META)) {
-			DPRINTF(("page %"Z"u not a meta page", p->mp_pgno));
-			return MDB_INVALID;
-		}
-
-		m = METADATA(p);
-		if (m->mm_magic != MDB_MAGIC) {
-			DPUTS("meta has invalid magic");
-			return MDB_INVALID;
-		}
-
-		if (m->mm_version != MDB_DATA_VERSION) {
-			DPRINTF(("database is version %u, expected version %u",
-				m->mm_version, MDB_DATA_VERSION));
-			return MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
-		}
-
-		if (off == 0 || m->mm_txnid > meta->mm_txnid)
-			*meta = *m;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/** Fill in most of the zeroed #MDB_meta for an empty database environment */
-static void ESECT
-mdb_env_init_meta0(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
-{
-	meta->mm_magic = MDB_MAGIC;
-	meta->mm_version = MDB_DATA_VERSION;
-	meta->mm_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
-	meta->mm_psize = env->me_psize;
-	meta->mm_last_pg = NUM_METAS-1;
-	meta->mm_flags = env->me_flags & 0xffff;
-	meta->mm_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY; /* this is mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_flags */
-	meta->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_root = P_INVALID;
-	meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root = P_INVALID;
-}
-
-/** Write the environment parameters of a freshly created DB environment.
- * @param[in] env the environment handle
- * @param[in] meta the #MDB_meta to write
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_init_meta(MDB_env *env, MDB_meta *meta)
-{
-	MDB_page *p, *q;
-	int rc;
-	unsigned int	 psize;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	DWORD len;
-	OVERLAPPED ov;
-	memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-#define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
-	ov.Offset = pos;	\
-	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, size, &len, &ov);	} while(0)
-#else
-	int len;
-#define DO_PWRITE(rc, fd, ptr, size, len, pos)	do { \
-	len = pwrite(fd, ptr, size, pos);	\
-	if (len == -1 && ErrCode() == EINTR) continue; \
-	rc = (len >= 0); break; } while(1)
-#endif
-
-	DPUTS("writing new meta page");
-
-	psize = env->me_psize;
-
-	p = calloc(NUM_METAS, psize);
-	if (!p)
-		return ENOMEM;
-
-	p->mp_pgno = 0;
-	p->mp_flags = P_META;
-	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(p) = *meta;
-
-	q = (MDB_page *)((char *)p + psize);
-	q->mp_pgno = 1;
-	q->mp_flags = P_META;
-	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(q) = *meta;
-
-	DO_PWRITE(rc, env->me_fd, p, psize * NUM_METAS, len, 0);
-	if (!rc)
-		rc = ErrCode();
-	else if ((unsigned) len == psize * NUM_METAS)
-		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-	else
-		rc = ENOSPC;
-	free(p);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Update the environment info to commit a transaction.
- * @param[in] txn the transaction that's being committed
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_env_write_meta(MDB_txn *txn)
-{
-	MDB_env *env;
-	MDB_meta	meta, metab, *mp;
-	unsigned flags;
-	size_t mapsize;
-	off_t off;
-	int rc, len, toggle;
-	char *ptr;
-	HANDLE mfd;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	OVERLAPPED ov;
-#else
-	int r2;
-#endif
-
-	toggle = txn->mt_txnid & 1;
-	DPRINTF(("writing meta page %d for root page %"Z"u",
-		toggle, txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root));
-
-	env = txn->mt_env;
-	flags = env->me_flags;
-	mp = env->me_metas[toggle];
-	mapsize = env->me_metas[toggle ^ 1]->mm_mapsize;
-	/* Persist any increases of mapsize config */
-	if (mapsize < env->me_mapsize)
-		mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
-
-	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
-		mp->mm_mapsize = mapsize;
-		mp->mm_dbs[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI];
-		mp->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
-		mp->mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
-#if (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 404) && /* TODO: portability */	\
-	!(defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
-		/* LY: issue a memory barrier, if not x86. ITS#7969 */
-		__sync_synchronize();
-#endif
-		mp->mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
-		if (!(flags & (MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_NOSYNC))) {
-			unsigned meta_size = env->me_psize;
-			rc = (env->me_flags & MDB_MAPASYNC) ? MS_ASYNC : MS_SYNC;
-			ptr = (char *)mp - PAGEHDRSZ;
-#ifndef _WIN32	/* POSIX msync() requires ptr = start of OS page */
-			r2 = (ptr - env->me_map) & (env->me_os_psize - 1);
-			ptr -= r2;
-			meta_size += r2;
-#endif
-			if (MDB_MSYNC(ptr, meta_size, rc)) {
-				rc = ErrCode();
-				goto fail;
-			}
-		}
-		goto done;
-	}
-	metab.mm_txnid = mp->mm_txnid;
-	metab.mm_last_pg = mp->mm_last_pg;
-
-	meta.mm_mapsize = mapsize;
-	meta.mm_dbs[FREE_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI];
-	meta.mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
-	meta.mm_last_pg = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1;
-	meta.mm_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
-
-	off = offsetof(MDB_meta, mm_mapsize);
-	ptr = (char *)&meta + off;
-	len = sizeof(MDB_meta) - off;
-	off += (char *)mp - env->me_map;
-
-	/* Write to the SYNC fd unless MDB_NOSYNC/MDB_NOMETASYNC.
-	 * (me_mfd goes to the same file as me_fd, but writing to it
-	 * also syncs to disk.  Avoids a separate fdatasync() call.)
-	 */
-	mfd = (flags & (MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC)) ? env->me_fd : env->me_mfd;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	{
-		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-		ov.Offset = off;
-		if (!WriteFile(mfd, ptr, len, (DWORD *)&rc, &ov))
-			rc = -1;
-	}
-#else
-retry_write:
-	rc = pwrite(mfd, ptr, len, off);
-#endif
-	if (rc != len) {
-		rc = rc < 0 ? ErrCode() : EIO;
-#ifndef _WIN32
-		if (rc == EINTR)
-			goto retry_write;
-#endif
-		DPUTS("write failed, disk error?");
-		/* On a failure, the pagecache still contains the new data.
-		 * Write some old data back, to prevent it from being used.
-		 * Use the non-SYNC fd; we know it will fail anyway.
-		 */
-		meta.mm_last_pg = metab.mm_last_pg;
-		meta.mm_txnid = metab.mm_txnid;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-		ov.Offset = off;
-		WriteFile(env->me_fd, ptr, len, NULL, &ov);
-#else
-		r2 = pwrite(env->me_fd, ptr, len, off);
-		(void)r2;	/* Silence warnings. We don't care about pwrite's return value */
-#endif
-fail:
-		env->me_flags |= MDB_FATAL_ERROR;
-		return rc;
-	}
-	/* MIPS has cache coherency issues, this is a no-op everywhere else */
-	CACHEFLUSH(env->me_map + off, len, DCACHE);
-done:
-	/* Memory ordering issues are irrelevant; since the entire writer
-	 * is wrapped by wmutex, all of these changes will become visible
-	 * after the wmutex is unlocked. Since the DB is multi-version,
-	 * readers will get consistent data regardless of how fresh or
-	 * how stale their view of these values is.
-	 */
-	if (env->me_txns)
-		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = txn->mt_txnid;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Check both meta pages to see which one is newer.
- * @param[in] env the environment handle
- * @return newest #MDB_meta.
- */
-static MDB_meta *
-mdb_env_pick_meta(const MDB_env *env)
-{
-	MDB_meta *const *metas = env->me_metas;
-	return metas[ metas[0]->mm_txnid < metas[1]->mm_txnid ];
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_create(MDB_env **env)
-{
-	MDB_env *e;
-
-	e = calloc(1, sizeof(MDB_env));
-	if (!e)
-		return ENOMEM;
-
-	e->me_maxreaders = DEFAULT_READERS;
-	e->me_maxdbs = e->me_numdbs = CORE_DBS;
-	e->me_fd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	e->me_lfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	e->me_mfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-#ifdef MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM
-	e->me_rmutex = SEM_FAILED;
-	e->me_wmutex = SEM_FAILED;
-#endif
-	e->me_pid = getpid();
-	GET_PAGESIZE(e->me_os_psize);
-	VGMEMP_CREATE(e,0,0);
-	*env = e;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_map(MDB_env *env, void *addr)
-{
-	MDB_page *p;
-	unsigned int flags = env->me_flags;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	int rc;
-	HANDLE mh;
-	LONG sizelo, sizehi;
-	size_t msize;
-
-	if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
-		/* Don't set explicit map size, use whatever exists */
-		msize = 0;
-		sizelo = 0;
-		sizehi = 0;
-	} else {
-		msize = env->me_mapsize;
-		sizelo = msize & 0xffffffff;
-		sizehi = msize >> 16 >> 16; /* only needed on Win64 */
-
-		/* Windows won't create mappings for zero length files.
-		 * and won't map more than the file size.
-		 * Just set the maxsize right now.
-		 */
-		if (SetFilePointer(env->me_fd, sizelo, &sizehi, 0) != (DWORD)sizelo
-			|| !SetEndOfFile(env->me_fd)
-			|| SetFilePointer(env->me_fd, 0, NULL, 0) != 0)
-			return ErrCode();
-	}
-
-	mh = CreateFileMapping(env->me_fd, NULL, flags & MDB_WRITEMAP ?
-		PAGE_READWRITE : PAGE_READONLY,
-		sizehi, sizelo, NULL);
-	if (!mh)
-		return ErrCode();
-	env->me_map = MapViewOfFileEx(mh, flags & MDB_WRITEMAP ?
-		FILE_MAP_WRITE : FILE_MAP_READ,
-		0, 0, msize, addr);
-	rc = env->me_map ? 0 : ErrCode();
-	CloseHandle(mh);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-#else
-	int prot = PROT_READ;
-	if (flags & MDB_WRITEMAP) {
-		prot |= PROT_WRITE;
-		if (ftruncate(env->me_fd, env->me_mapsize) < 0)
-			return ErrCode();
-	}
-	env->me_map = mmap(addr, env->me_mapsize, prot, MAP_SHARED,
-		env->me_fd, 0);
-	if (env->me_map == MAP_FAILED) {
-		env->me_map = NULL;
-		return ErrCode();
-	}
-
-	if (flags & MDB_NORDAHEAD) {
-		/* Turn off readahead. It's harmful when the DB is larger than RAM. */
-#ifdef MADV_RANDOM
-		madvise(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, MADV_RANDOM);
-#else
-#ifdef POSIX_MADV_RANDOM
-		posix_madvise(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize, POSIX_MADV_RANDOM);
-#endif /* POSIX_MADV_RANDOM */
-#endif /* MADV_RANDOM */
-	}
-#endif /* _WIN32 */
-
-	/* Can happen because the address argument to mmap() is just a
-	 * hint.  mmap() can pick another, e.g. if the range is in use.
-	 * The MAP_FIXED flag would prevent that, but then mmap could
-	 * instead unmap existing pages to make room for the new map.
-	 */
-	if (addr && env->me_map != addr)
-		return EBUSY;	/* TODO: Make a new MDB_* error code? */
-
-	p = (MDB_page *)env->me_map;
-	env->me_metas[0] = METADATA(p);
-	env->me_metas[1] = (MDB_meta *)((char *)env->me_metas[0] + env->me_psize);
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_set_mapsize(MDB_env *env, size_t size)
-{
-	/* If env is already open, caller is responsible for making
-	 * sure there are no active txns.
-	 */
-	if (env->me_map) {
-		int rc;
-		MDB_meta *meta;
-		void *old;
-		if (env->me_txn)
-			return EINVAL;
-		meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-		if (!size)
-			size = meta->mm_mapsize;
-		{
-			/* Silently round up to minimum if the size is too small */
-			size_t minsize = (meta->mm_last_pg + 1) * env->me_psize;
-			if (size < minsize)
-				size = minsize;
-		}
-		munmap(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize);
-		env->me_mapsize = size;
-		old = (env->me_flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP) ? env->me_map : NULL;
-		rc = mdb_env_map(env, old);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-	}
-	env->me_mapsize = size;
-	if (env->me_psize)
-		env->me_maxpg = env->me_mapsize / env->me_psize;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_set_maxdbs(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbs)
-{
-	if (env->me_map)
-		return EINVAL;
-	env->me_maxdbs = dbs + CORE_DBS;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_set_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int readers)
-{
-	if (env->me_map || readers < 1)
-		return EINVAL;
-	env->me_maxreaders = readers;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_get_maxreaders(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *readers)
-{
-	if (!env || !readers)
-		return EINVAL;
-	*readers = env->me_maxreaders;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int ESECT
-mdb_fsize(HANDLE fd, size_t *size)
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	LARGE_INTEGER fsize;
-
-	if (!GetFileSizeEx(fd, &fsize))
-		return ErrCode();
-
-	*size = fsize.QuadPart;
-#else
-	struct stat st;
-
-	if (fstat(fd, &st))
-		return ErrCode();
-
-	*size = st.st_size;
-#endif
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-typedef wchar_t	mdb_nchar_t;
-# define MDB_NAME(str)	L##str
-# define mdb_name_cpy	wcscpy
-#else
-/** Character type for file names: char on Unix, wchar_t on Windows */
-typedef char	mdb_nchar_t;
-# define MDB_NAME(str)	str		/**< #mdb_nchar_t[] string literal */
-# define mdb_name_cpy	strcpy	/**< Copy name (#mdb_nchar_t string) */
-#endif
-
-/** Filename - string of #mdb_nchar_t[] */
-typedef struct MDB_name {
-	int mn_len;					/**< Length  */
-	int mn_alloced;				/**< True if #mn_val was malloced */
-	mdb_nchar_t	*mn_val;		/**< Contents */
-} MDB_name;
-
-/** Filename suffixes [datafile,lockfile][without,with MDB_NOSUBDIR] */
-static const mdb_nchar_t *const mdb_suffixes[2][2] = {
-	{ MDB_NAME("/data.mdb"), MDB_NAME("")      },
-	{ MDB_NAME("/lock.mdb"), MDB_NAME("-lock") }
-};
-
-#define MDB_SUFFLEN 9	/**< Max string length in #mdb_suffixes[] */
-
-/** Set up filename + scratch area for filename suffix, for opening files.
- * It should be freed with #mdb_fname_destroy().
- * On Windows, paths are converted from char *UTF-8 to wchar_t *UTF-16.
- *
- * @param[in] path Pathname for #mdb_env_open().
- * @param[in] envflags Whether a subdir and/or lockfile will be used.
- * @param[out] fname Resulting filename, with room for a suffix if necessary.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_fname_init(const char *path, unsigned envflags, MDB_name *fname)
-{
-	int no_suffix = F_ISSET(envflags, MDB_NOSUBDIR|MDB_NOLOCK);
-	fname->mn_alloced = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	return utf8_to_utf16(path, fname, no_suffix ? 0 : MDB_SUFFLEN);
-#else
-	fname->mn_len = strlen(path);
-	if (no_suffix)
-		fname->mn_val = (char *) path;
-	else if ((fname->mn_val = malloc(fname->mn_len + MDB_SUFFLEN+1)) != NULL) {
-		fname->mn_alloced = 1;
-		strcpy(fname->mn_val, path);
-	}
-	else
-		return ENOMEM;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-#endif
-}
-
-/** Destroy \b fname from #mdb_fname_init() */
-#define mdb_fname_destroy(fname) \
-	do { if ((fname).mn_alloced) free((fname).mn_val); } while (0)
-
-#ifdef O_CLOEXEC /* POSIX.1-2008: Set FD_CLOEXEC atomically at open() */
-# define MDB_CLOEXEC		O_CLOEXEC
-#else
-# define MDB_CLOEXEC		0
-#endif
-
-/** File type, access mode etc. for #mdb_fopen() */
-enum mdb_fopen_type {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	MDB_O_RDONLY, MDB_O_RDWR, MDB_O_META, MDB_O_COPY, MDB_O_LOCKS
-#else
-	/* A comment in mdb_fopen() explains some O_* flag choices. */
-	MDB_O_RDONLY= O_RDONLY,                            /**< for RDONLY me_fd */
-	MDB_O_RDWR  = O_RDWR  |O_CREAT,                    /**< for me_fd */
-	MDB_O_META  = O_WRONLY|MDB_DSYNC     |MDB_CLOEXEC, /**< for me_mfd */
-	MDB_O_COPY  = O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|MDB_CLOEXEC, /**< for #mdb_env_copy() */
-	/** Bitmask for open() flags in enum #mdb_fopen_type.  The other bits
-	 * distinguish otherwise-equal MDB_O_* constants from each other.
-	 */
-	MDB_O_MASK  = MDB_O_RDWR|MDB_CLOEXEC | MDB_O_RDONLY|MDB_O_META|MDB_O_COPY,
-	MDB_O_LOCKS = MDB_O_RDWR|MDB_CLOEXEC | ((MDB_O_MASK+1) & ~MDB_O_MASK) /**< for me_lfd */
-#endif
-};
-
-/** Open an LMDB file.
- * @param[in] env	The LMDB environment.
- * @param[in,out] fname	Path from from #mdb_fname_init().  A suffix is
- * appended if necessary to create the filename, without changing mn_len.
- * @param[in] which	Determines file type, access mode, etc.
- * @param[in] mode	The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
- * @param[out] res	Resulting file handle.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_fopen(const MDB_env *env, MDB_name *fname,
-	enum mdb_fopen_type which, mdb_mode_t mode,
-	HANDLE *res)
-{
-	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-	HANDLE fd;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	DWORD acc, share, disp, attrs;
-#else
-	int flags;
-#endif
-
-	if (fname->mn_alloced)		/* modifiable copy */
-		mdb_name_cpy(fname->mn_val + fname->mn_len,
-			mdb_suffixes[which==MDB_O_LOCKS][F_ISSET(env->me_flags, MDB_NOSUBDIR)]);
-
-	/* The directory must already exist.  Usually the file need not.
-	 * MDB_O_META requires the file because we already created it using
-	 * MDB_O_RDWR.  MDB_O_COPY must not overwrite an existing file.
-	 *
-	 * With MDB_O_COPY we do not want the OS to cache the writes, since
-	 * the source data is already in the OS cache.
-	 *
-	 * The lockfile needs FD_CLOEXEC (close file descriptor on exec*())
-	 * to avoid the flock() issues noted under Caveats in lmdb.h.
-	 * Also set it for other filehandles which the user cannot get at
-	 * and close himself, which he may need after fork().  I.e. all but
-	 * me_fd, which programs do use via mdb_env_get_fd().
-	 */
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	acc = GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE;
-	share = FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
-	disp = OPEN_ALWAYS;
-	attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
-	switch (which) {
-	case MDB_O_RDONLY:			/* read-only datafile */
-		acc = GENERIC_READ;
-		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
-		break;
-	case MDB_O_META:			/* for writing metapages */
-		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
-		disp = OPEN_EXISTING;
-		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
-		break;
-	case MDB_O_COPY:			/* mdb_env_copy() & co */
-		acc = GENERIC_WRITE;
-		share = 0;
-		disp = CREATE_NEW;
-		attrs = FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING|FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH;
-		break;
-	default: break;	/* silence gcc -Wswitch (not all enum values handled) */
-	}
-	fd = CreateFileW(fname->mn_val, acc, share, NULL, disp, attrs, NULL);
-#else
-	fd = open(fname->mn_val, which & MDB_O_MASK, mode);
-#endif
-
-	if (fd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		rc = ErrCode();
-#ifndef _WIN32
-	else {
-		if (which != MDB_O_RDONLY && which != MDB_O_RDWR) {
-			/* Set CLOEXEC if we could not pass it to open() */
-			if (!MDB_CLOEXEC && (flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD)) != -1)
-				(void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
-		}
-		if (which == MDB_O_COPY && env->me_psize >= env->me_os_psize) {
-			/* This may require buffer alignment.  There is no portable
-			 * way to ask how much, so we require OS pagesize alignment.
-			 */
-# ifdef F_NOCACHE	/* __APPLE__ */
-			(void) fcntl(fd, F_NOCACHE, 1);
-# elif defined O_DIRECT
-			/* open(...O_DIRECT...) would break on filesystems without
-			 * O_DIRECT support (ITS#7682). Try to set it here instead.
-			 */
-			if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) != -1)
-				(void) fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_DIRECT);
-# endif
-		}
-	}
-#endif	/* !_WIN32 */
-
-	*res = fd;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-
-#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
-#include <sys/utsname.h>
-#include <sys/vfs.h>
-#endif
-
-/** Further setup required for opening an LMDB environment
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_open2(MDB_env *env)
-{
-	unsigned int flags = env->me_flags;
-	int i, newenv = 0, rc;
-	MDB_meta meta;
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	/* See if we should use QueryLimited */
-	rc = GetVersion();
-	if ((rc & 0xff) > 5)
-		env->me_pidquery = MDB_PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION;
-	else
-		env->me_pidquery = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
-#endif /* _WIN32 */
-
-#ifdef BROKEN_FDATASYNC
-	/* ext3/ext4 fdatasync is broken on some older Linux kernels.
-	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/3/83
-	 * Kernels after 3.6-rc6 are known good.
-	 * https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/9/10/556
-	 * See if the DB is on ext3/ext4, then check for new enough kernel
-	 * Kernels 2.6.32.60, 2.6.34.15, 3.2.30, and 3.5.4 are also known
-	 * to be patched.
-	 */
-	{
-		struct statfs st;
-		fstatfs(env->me_fd, &st);
-		while (st.f_type == 0xEF53) {
-			struct utsname uts;
-			int i;
-			uname(&uts);
-			if (uts.release[0] < '3') {
-				if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.32.", 7)) {
-					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
-					if (i >= 60)
-						break;	/* 2.6.32.60 and newer is OK */
-				} else if (!strncmp(uts.release, "2.6.34.", 7)) {
-					i = atoi(uts.release+7);
-					if (i >= 15)
-						break;	/* 2.6.34.15 and newer is OK */
-				}
-			} else if (uts.release[0] == '3') {
-				i = atoi(uts.release+2);
-				if (i > 5)
-					break;	/* 3.6 and newer is OK */
-				if (i == 5) {
-					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
-					if (i >= 4)
-						break;	/* 3.5.4 and newer is OK */
-				} else if (i == 2) {
-					i = atoi(uts.release+4);
-					if (i >= 30)
-						break;	/* 3.2.30 and newer is OK */
-				}
-			} else {	/* 4.x and newer is OK */
-				break;
-			}
-			env->me_flags |= MDB_FSYNCONLY;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if ((i = mdb_env_read_header(env, &meta)) != 0) {
-		if (i != ENOENT)
-			return i;
-		DPUTS("new mdbenv");
-		newenv = 1;
-		env->me_psize = env->me_os_psize;
-		if (env->me_psize > MAX_PAGESIZE)
-			env->me_psize = MAX_PAGESIZE;
-		memset(&meta, 0, sizeof(meta));
-		mdb_env_init_meta0(env, &meta);
-		meta.mm_mapsize = DEFAULT_MAPSIZE;
-	} else {
-		env->me_psize = meta.mm_psize;
-	}
-
-	/* Was a mapsize configured? */
-	if (!env->me_mapsize) {
-		env->me_mapsize = meta.mm_mapsize;
-	}
-	{
-		/* Make sure mapsize >= committed data size.  Even when using
-		 * mm_mapsize, which could be broken in old files (ITS#7789).
-		 */
-		size_t minsize = (meta.mm_last_pg + 1) * meta.mm_psize;
-		if (env->me_mapsize < minsize)
-			env->me_mapsize = minsize;
-	}
-	meta.mm_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
-
-	if (newenv && !(flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)) {
-		/* mdb_env_map() may grow the datafile.  Write the metapages
-		 * first, so the file will be valid if initialization fails.
-		 * Except with FIXEDMAP, since we do not yet know mm_address.
-		 * We could fill in mm_address later, but then a different
-		 * program might end up doing that - one with a memory layout
-		 * and map address which does not suit the main program.
-		 */
-		rc = mdb_env_init_meta(env, &meta);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		newenv = 0;
-	}
-
-	rc = mdb_env_map(env, (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP) ? meta.mm_address : NULL);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-
-	if (newenv) {
-		if (flags & MDB_FIXEDMAP)
-			meta.mm_address = env->me_map;
-		i = mdb_env_init_meta(env, &meta);
-		if (i != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			return i;
-		}
-	}
-
-	env->me_maxfree_1pg = (env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ) / sizeof(pgno_t) - 1;
-	env->me_nodemax = (((env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ) / MDB_MINKEYS) & -2)
-		- sizeof(indx_t);
-#if !(MDB_MAXKEYSIZE)
-	env->me_maxkey = env->me_nodemax - (NODESIZE + sizeof(MDB_db));
-#endif
-	env->me_maxpg = env->me_mapsize / env->me_psize;
-
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-	{
-		MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-		MDB_db *db = &meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
-
-		DPRINTF(("opened database version %u, pagesize %u",
-			meta->mm_version, env->me_psize));
-		DPRINTF(("using meta page %d",    (int) (meta->mm_txnid & 1)));
-		DPRINTF(("depth: %u",             db->md_depth));
-		DPRINTF(("entries: %"Z"u",        db->md_entries));
-		DPRINTF(("branch pages: %"Z"u",   db->md_branch_pages));
-		DPRINTF(("leaf pages: %"Z"u",     db->md_leaf_pages));
-		DPRINTF(("overflow pages: %"Z"u", db->md_overflow_pages));
-		DPRINTF(("root: %"Z"u",           db->md_root));
-	}
-#endif
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-/** Release a reader thread's slot in the reader lock table.
- *	This function is called automatically when a thread exits.
- * @param[in] ptr This points to the slot in the reader lock table.
- */
-static void
-mdb_env_reader_dest(void *ptr)
-{
-	MDB_reader *reader = ptr;
-
-#ifndef _WIN32
-	if (reader->mr_pid == getpid()) /* catch pthread_exit() in child process */
-#endif
-		/* We omit the mutex, so do this atomically (i.e. skip mr_txnid) */
-		reader->mr_pid = 0;
-}
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-/** Junk for arranging thread-specific callbacks on Windows. This is
- *	necessarily platform and compiler-specific. Windows supports up
- *	to 1088 keys. Let's assume nobody opens more than 64 environments
- *	in a single process, for now. They can override this if needed.
- */
-#ifndef MAX_TLS_KEYS
-#define MAX_TLS_KEYS	64
-#endif
-static pthread_key_t mdb_tls_keys[MAX_TLS_KEYS];
-static int mdb_tls_nkeys;
-
-static void NTAPI mdb_tls_callback(PVOID module, DWORD reason, PVOID ptr)
-{
-	int i;
-	switch(reason) {
-	case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: break;
-	case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH: break;
-	case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
-		for (i=0; i<mdb_tls_nkeys; i++) {
-			MDB_reader *r = pthread_getspecific(mdb_tls_keys[i]);
-			if (r) {
-				mdb_env_reader_dest(r);
-			}
-		}
-		break;
-	case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH: break;
-	}
-}
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-#ifdef _WIN64
-const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_callback;
-#else
-PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp __attribute__((section (".CRT$XLB"))) = mdb_tls_callback;
-#endif
-#else
-#ifdef _WIN64
-/* Force some symbol references.
- *	_tls_used forces the linker to create the TLS directory if not already done
- *	mdb_tls_cbp prevents whole-program-optimizer from dropping the symbol.
- */
-#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_tls_used")
-#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:mdb_tls_cbp")
-#pragma const_seg(".CRT$XLB")
-extern const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp;
-const PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
-#pragma const_seg()
-#else	/* _WIN32 */
-#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:__tls_used")
-#pragma comment(linker, "/INCLUDE:_mdb_tls_cbp")
-#pragma data_seg(".CRT$XLB")
-PIMAGE_TLS_CALLBACK mdb_tls_cbp = mdb_tls_callback;
-#pragma data_seg()
-#endif	/* WIN 32/64 */
-#endif	/* !__GNUC__ */
-#endif
-
-/** Downgrade the exclusive lock on the region back to shared */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_share_locks(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
-{
-	int rc = 0;
-	MDB_meta *meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-
-	env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	{
-		OVERLAPPED ov;
-		/* First acquire a shared lock. The Unlock will
-		 * then release the existing exclusive lock.
-		 */
-		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-		if (!LockFileEx(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0, &ov)) {
-			rc = ErrCode();
-		} else {
-			UnlockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0);
-			*excl = 0;
-		}
-	}
-#else
-	{
-		struct flock lock_info;
-		/* The shared lock replaces the existing lock */
-		memset((void *)&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
-		lock_info.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-		lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-		lock_info.l_start = 0;
-		lock_info.l_len = 1;
-		while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLK, &lock_info)) &&
-				(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
-		*excl = rc ? -1 : 0;	/* error may mean we lost the lock */
-	}
-#endif
-
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Try to get exclusive lock, otherwise shared.
- *	Maintain *excl = -1: no/unknown lock, 0: shared, 1: exclusive.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_excl_lock(MDB_env *env, int *excl)
-{
-	int rc = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	if (LockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0)) {
-		*excl = 1;
-	} else {
-		OVERLAPPED ov;
-		memset(&ov, 0, sizeof(ov));
-		if (LockFileEx(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0, &ov)) {
-			*excl = 0;
-		} else {
-			rc = ErrCode();
-		}
-	}
-#else
-	struct flock lock_info;
-	memset((void *)&lock_info, 0, sizeof(lock_info));
-	lock_info.l_type = F_WRLCK;
-	lock_info.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
-	lock_info.l_start = 0;
-	lock_info.l_len = 1;
-	while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLK, &lock_info)) &&
-			(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
-	if (!rc) {
-		*excl = 1;
-	} else
-# ifndef MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX
-	if (*excl < 0) /* always true when MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX */
-# endif
-	{
-		lock_info.l_type = F_RDLCK;
-		while ((rc = fcntl(env->me_lfd, F_SETLKW, &lock_info)) &&
-				(rc = ErrCode()) == EINTR) ;
-		if (rc == 0)
-			*excl = 0;
-	}
-#endif
-	return rc;
-}
-
-#ifdef MDB_USE_HASH
-/*
- * hash_64 - 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-0 FNV-1a hash code
- *
- * @(#) $Revision: 5.1 $
- * @(#) $Id: hash_64a.c,v 5.1 2009/06/30 09:01:38 chongo Exp $
- * @(#) $Source: /usr/local/src/cmd/fnv/RCS/hash_64a.c,v $
- *
- *	  http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/index.html
- *
- ***
- *
- * Please do not copyright this code.  This code is in the public domain.
- *
- * LANDON CURT NOLL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
- * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO
- * EVENT SHALL LANDON CURT NOLL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
- * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF
- * USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
- * OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- *
- * By:
- *	chongo <Landon Curt Noll> /\oo/\
- *	  http://www.isthe.com/chongo/
- *
- * Share and Enjoy!	:-)
- */
-
-typedef unsigned long long	mdb_hash_t;
-#define MDB_HASH_INIT ((mdb_hash_t)0xcbf29ce484222325ULL)
-
-/** perform a 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo FNV-1a hash on a buffer
- * @param[in] val	value to hash
- * @param[in] hval	initial value for hash
- * @return 64 bit hash
- *
- * NOTE: To use the recommended 64 bit FNV-1a hash, use MDB_HASH_INIT as the
- * 	 hval arg on the first call.
- */
-static mdb_hash_t
-mdb_hash_val(MDB_val *val, mdb_hash_t hval)
-{
-	unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)val->mv_data;	/* unsigned string */
-	unsigned char *end = s + val->mv_size;
-	/*
-	 * FNV-1a hash each octet of the string
-	 */
-	while (s < end) {
-		/* xor the bottom with the current octet */
-		hval ^= (mdb_hash_t)*s++;
-
-		/* multiply by the 64 bit FNV magic prime mod 2^64 */
-		hval += (hval << 1) + (hval << 4) + (hval << 5) +
-			(hval << 7) + (hval << 8) + (hval << 40);
-	}
-	/* return our new hash value */
-	return hval;
-}
-
-/** Hash the string and output the encoded hash.
- * This uses modified RFC1924 Ascii85 encoding to accommodate systems with
- * very short name limits. We don't care about the encoding being reversible,
- * we just want to preserve as many bits of the input as possible in a
- * small printable string.
- * @param[in] str string to hash
- * @param[out] encbuf an array of 11 chars to hold the hash
- */
-static const char mdb_a85[]= "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz!#$%&()*+-;<=>?@^_`{|}~";
-
-static void ESECT
-mdb_pack85(unsigned long l, char *out)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i=0; i<5; i++) {
-		*out++ = mdb_a85[l % 85];
-		l /= 85;
-	}
-}
-
-static void ESECT
-mdb_hash_enc(MDB_val *val, char *encbuf)
-{
-	mdb_hash_t h = mdb_hash_val(val, MDB_HASH_INIT);
-
-	mdb_pack85(h, encbuf);
-	mdb_pack85(h>>32, encbuf+5);
-	encbuf[10] = '\0';
-}
-#endif
-
-/** Open and/or initialize the lock region for the environment.
- * @param[in] env The LMDB environment.
- * @param[in] fname Filename + scratch area, from #mdb_fname_init().
- * @param[in] mode The Unix permissions for the file, if we create it.
- * @param[in,out] excl In -1, out lock type: -1 none, 0 shared, 1 exclusive
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_setup_locks(MDB_env *env, MDB_name *fname, int mode, int *excl)
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#	define MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS	ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT
-#else
-#	define MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS	EROFS
-#endif
-	int rc;
-	off_t size, rsize;
-
-	rc = mdb_fopen(env, fname, MDB_O_LOCKS, mode, &env->me_lfd);
-	if (rc) {
-		/* Omit lockfile if read-only env on read-only filesystem */
-		if (rc == MDB_ERRCODE_ROFS && (env->me_flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
-			return MDB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_NOTLS)) {
-		rc = pthread_key_create(&env->me_txkey, mdb_env_reader_dest);
-		if (rc)
-			goto fail;
-		env->me_flags |= MDB_ENV_TXKEY;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		/* Windows TLS callbacks need help finding their TLS info. */
-		if (mdb_tls_nkeys >= MAX_TLS_KEYS) {
-			rc = MDB_TLS_FULL;
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		mdb_tls_keys[mdb_tls_nkeys++] = env->me_txkey;
-#endif
-	}
-
-	/* Try to get exclusive lock. If we succeed, then
-	 * nobody is using the lock region and we should initialize it.
-	 */
-	if ((rc = mdb_env_excl_lock(env, excl))) goto fail;
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	size = GetFileSize(env->me_lfd, NULL);
-#else
-	size = lseek(env->me_lfd, 0, SEEK_END);
-	if (size == -1) goto fail_errno;
-#endif
-	rsize = (env->me_maxreaders-1) * sizeof(MDB_reader) + sizeof(MDB_txninfo);
-	if (size < rsize && *excl > 0) {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		if (SetFilePointer(env->me_lfd, rsize, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) != (DWORD)rsize
-			|| !SetEndOfFile(env->me_lfd))
-			goto fail_errno;
-#else
-		if (ftruncate(env->me_lfd, rsize) != 0) goto fail_errno;
-#endif
-	} else {
-		rsize = size;
-		size = rsize - sizeof(MDB_txninfo);
-		env->me_maxreaders = size/sizeof(MDB_reader) + 1;
-	}
-	{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		HANDLE mh;
-		mh = CreateFileMapping(env->me_lfd, NULL, PAGE_READWRITE,
-			0, 0, NULL);
-		if (!mh) goto fail_errno;
-		env->me_txns = MapViewOfFileEx(mh, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0, 0, rsize, NULL);
-		CloseHandle(mh);
-		if (!env->me_txns) goto fail_errno;
-#else
-		void *m = mmap(NULL, rsize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
-			env->me_lfd, 0);
-		if (m == MAP_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
-		env->me_txns = m;
-#endif
-	}
-	if (*excl > 0) {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION stbuf;
-		struct {
-			DWORD volume;
-			DWORD nhigh;
-			DWORD nlow;
-		} idbuf;
-		MDB_val val;
-		char encbuf[11];
-
-		if (!mdb_sec_inited) {
-			InitializeSecurityDescriptor(&mdb_null_sd,
-				SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION);
-			SetSecurityDescriptorDacl(&mdb_null_sd, TRUE, 0, FALSE);
-			mdb_all_sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
-			mdb_all_sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
-			mdb_all_sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = &mdb_null_sd;
-			mdb_sec_inited = 1;
-		}
-		if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(env->me_lfd, &stbuf)) goto fail_errno;
-		idbuf.volume = stbuf.dwVolumeSerialNumber;
-		idbuf.nhigh  = stbuf.nFileIndexHigh;
-		idbuf.nlow   = stbuf.nFileIndexLow;
-		val.mv_data = &idbuf;
-		val.mv_size = sizeof(idbuf);
-		mdb_hash_enc(&val, encbuf);
-		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_rmname, "Global\\MDBr%s", encbuf);
-		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_wmname, "Global\\MDBw%s", encbuf);
-		env->me_rmutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
-		if (!env->me_rmutex) goto fail_errno;
-		env->me_wmutex = CreateMutexA(&mdb_all_sa, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
-		if (!env->me_wmutex) goto fail_errno;
-#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
-		struct stat stbuf;
-		struct {
-			dev_t dev;
-			ino_t ino;
-		} idbuf;
-		MDB_val val;
-		char encbuf[11];
-
-#if defined(__NetBSD__)
-#define	MDB_SHORT_SEMNAMES	1	/* limited to 14 chars */
-#endif
-		if (fstat(env->me_lfd, &stbuf)) goto fail_errno;
-		idbuf.dev = stbuf.st_dev;
-		idbuf.ino = stbuf.st_ino;
-		val.mv_data = &idbuf;
-		val.mv_size = sizeof(idbuf);
-		mdb_hash_enc(&val, encbuf);
-#ifdef MDB_SHORT_SEMNAMES
-		encbuf[9] = '\0';	/* drop name from 15 chars to 14 chars */
-#endif
-		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_rmname, "/MDBr%s", encbuf);
-		sprintf(env->me_txns->mti_wmname, "/MDBw%s", encbuf);
-		/* Clean up after a previous run, if needed:  Try to
-		 * remove both semaphores before doing anything else.
-		 */
-		sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
-		sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
-		env->me_rmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_rmname,
-			O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
-		if (env->me_rmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
-		env->me_wmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_wmname,
-			O_CREAT|O_EXCL, mode, 1);
-		if (env->me_wmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
-#else	/* MDB_USE_POSIX_MUTEX: */
-		pthread_mutexattr_t mattr;
-
-		/* Solaris needs this before initing a robust mutex.  Otherwise
-		 * it may skip the init and return EBUSY "seems someone already
-		 * inited" or EINVAL "it was inited differently".
-		 */
-		memset(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_rmutex));
-		memset(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex, 0, sizeof(*env->me_txns->mti_wmutex));
-
-		if ((rc = pthread_mutexattr_init(&mattr)))
-			goto fail;
-
-		rc = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mattr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
-#ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
-		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&mattr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST);
-#endif
-		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_rmutex, &mattr);
-		if (!rc) rc = pthread_mutex_init(env->me_txns->mti_wmutex, &mattr);
-		pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&mattr);
-		if (rc)
-			goto fail;
-#endif	/* _WIN32 || MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM */
-
-		env->me_txns->mti_magic = MDB_MAGIC;
-		env->me_txns->mti_format = MDB_LOCK_FORMAT;
-		env->me_txns->mti_txnid = 0;
-		env->me_txns->mti_numreaders = 0;
-
-	} else {
-		if (env->me_txns->mti_magic != MDB_MAGIC) {
-			DPUTS("lock region has invalid magic");
-			rc = MDB_INVALID;
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		if (env->me_txns->mti_format != MDB_LOCK_FORMAT) {
-			DPRINTF(("lock region has format+version 0x%x, expected 0x%x",
-				env->me_txns->mti_format, MDB_LOCK_FORMAT));
-			rc = MDB_VERSION_MISMATCH;
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		rc = ErrCode();
-		if (rc && rc != EACCES && rc != EAGAIN) {
-			goto fail;
-		}
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		env->me_rmutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
-		if (!env->me_rmutex) goto fail_errno;
-		env->me_wmutex = OpenMutexA(SYNCHRONIZE, FALSE, env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
-		if (!env->me_wmutex) goto fail_errno;
-#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
-		env->me_rmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_rmname, 0);
-		if (env->me_rmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
-		env->me_wmutex = sem_open(env->me_txns->mti_wmname, 0);
-		if (env->me_wmutex == SEM_FAILED) goto fail_errno;
-#endif
-	}
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-fail_errno:
-	rc = ErrCode();
-fail:
-	return rc;
-}
-
-	/** Only a subset of the @ref mdb_env flags can be changed
-	 *	at runtime. Changing other flags requires closing the
-	 *	environment and re-opening it with the new flags.
-	 */
-#define	CHANGEABLE	(MDB_NOSYNC|MDB_NOMETASYNC|MDB_MAPASYNC|MDB_NOMEMINIT)
-#define	CHANGELESS	(MDB_FIXEDMAP|MDB_NOSUBDIR|MDB_RDONLY| \
-	MDB_WRITEMAP|MDB_NOTLS|MDB_NOLOCK|MDB_NORDAHEAD)
-
-#if VALID_FLAGS & PERSISTENT_FLAGS & (CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS)
-# error "Persistent DB flags & env flags overlap, but both go in mm_flags"
-#endif
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_open(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags, mdb_mode_t mode)
-{
-	int rc, excl = -1;
-	MDB_name fname;
-
-	if (env->me_fd!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || (flags & ~(CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS)))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	flags |= env->me_flags;
-
-	rc = mdb_fname_init(path, flags, &fname);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-
-	if (flags & MDB_RDONLY) {
-		/* silently ignore WRITEMAP when we're only getting read access */
-		flags &= ~MDB_WRITEMAP;
-	} else {
-		if (!((env->me_free_pgs = mdb_midl_alloc(MDB_IDL_UM_MAX)) &&
-			  (env->me_dirty_list = calloc(MDB_IDL_UM_SIZE, sizeof(MDB_ID2)))))
-			rc = ENOMEM;
-	}
-	env->me_flags = flags |= MDB_ENV_ACTIVE;
-	if (rc)
-		goto leave;
-
-	env->me_path = strdup(path);
-	env->me_dbxs = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(MDB_dbx));
-	env->me_dbflags = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(uint16_t));
-	env->me_dbiseqs = calloc(env->me_maxdbs, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	if (!(env->me_dbxs && env->me_path && env->me_dbflags && env->me_dbiseqs)) {
-		rc = ENOMEM;
-		goto leave;
-	}
-	env->me_dbxs[FREE_DBI].md_cmp = mdb_cmp_long; /* aligned MDB_INTEGERKEY */
-
-	/* For RDONLY, get lockfile after we know datafile exists */
-	if (!(flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_NOLOCK))) {
-		rc = mdb_env_setup_locks(env, &fname, mode, &excl);
-		if (rc)
-			goto leave;
-	}
-
-	rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname,
-		(flags & MDB_RDONLY) ? MDB_O_RDONLY : MDB_O_RDWR,
-		mode, &env->me_fd);
-	if (rc)
-		goto leave;
-
-	if ((flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_NOLOCK)) == MDB_RDONLY) {
-		rc = mdb_env_setup_locks(env, &fname, mode, &excl);
-		if (rc)
-			goto leave;
-	}
-
-	if ((rc = mdb_env_open2(env)) == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		if (!(flags & (MDB_RDONLY|MDB_WRITEMAP))) {
-			/* Synchronous fd for meta writes. Needed even with
-			 * MDB_NOSYNC/MDB_NOMETASYNC, in case these get reset.
-			 */
-			rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_META, mode, &env->me_mfd);
-			if (rc)
-				goto leave;
-		}
-		DPRINTF(("opened dbenv %p", (void *) env));
-		if (excl > 0) {
-			rc = mdb_env_share_locks(env, &excl);
-			if (rc)
-				goto leave;
-		}
-		if (!(flags & MDB_RDONLY)) {
-			MDB_txn *txn;
-			int tsize = sizeof(MDB_txn), size = tsize + env->me_maxdbs *
-				(sizeof(MDB_db)+sizeof(MDB_cursor *)+sizeof(unsigned int)+1);
-			if ((env->me_pbuf = calloc(1, env->me_psize)) &&
-				(txn = calloc(1, size)))
-			{
-				txn->mt_dbs = (MDB_db *)((char *)txn + tsize);
-				txn->mt_cursors = (MDB_cursor **)(txn->mt_dbs + env->me_maxdbs);
-				txn->mt_dbiseqs = (unsigned int *)(txn->mt_cursors + env->me_maxdbs);
-				txn->mt_dbflags = (unsigned char *)(txn->mt_dbiseqs + env->me_maxdbs);
-				txn->mt_env = env;
-				txn->mt_dbxs = env->me_dbxs;
-				txn->mt_flags = MDB_TXN_FINISHED;
-				env->me_txn0 = txn;
-			} else {
-				rc = ENOMEM;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-leave:
-	if (rc) {
-		mdb_env_close0(env, excl);
-	}
-	mdb_fname_destroy(fname);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Destroy resources from mdb_env_open(), clear our readers & DBIs */
-static void ESECT
-mdb_env_close0(MDB_env *env, int excl)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_ACTIVE))
-		return;
-
-	/* Doing this here since me_dbxs may not exist during mdb_env_close */
-	if (env->me_dbxs) {
-		for (i = env->me_maxdbs; --i >= CORE_DBS; )
-			free(env->me_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data);
-		free(env->me_dbxs);
-	}
-
-	free(env->me_pbuf);
-	free(env->me_dbiseqs);
-	free(env->me_dbflags);
-	free(env->me_path);
-	free(env->me_dirty_list);
-	free(env->me_txn0);
-	mdb_midl_free(env->me_free_pgs);
-
-	if (env->me_flags & MDB_ENV_TXKEY) {
-		pthread_key_delete(env->me_txkey);
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		/* Delete our key from the global list */
-		for (i=0; i<mdb_tls_nkeys; i++)
-			if (mdb_tls_keys[i] == env->me_txkey) {
-				mdb_tls_keys[i] = mdb_tls_keys[mdb_tls_nkeys-1];
-				mdb_tls_nkeys--;
-				break;
-			}
-#endif
-	}
-
-	if (env->me_map) {
-		munmap(env->me_map, env->me_mapsize);
-	}
-	if (env->me_mfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		(void) close(env->me_mfd);
-	if (env->me_fd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		(void) close(env->me_fd);
-	if (env->me_txns) {
-		MDB_PID_T pid = env->me_pid;
-		/* Clearing readers is done in this function because
-		 * me_txkey with its destructor must be disabled first.
-		 *
-		 * We skip the the reader mutex, so we touch only
-		 * data owned by this process (me_close_readers and
-		 * our readers), and clear each reader atomically.
-		 */
-		for (i = env->me_close_readers; --i >= 0; )
-			if (env->me_txns->mti_readers[i].mr_pid == pid)
-				env->me_txns->mti_readers[i].mr_pid = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		if (env->me_rmutex) {
-			CloseHandle(env->me_rmutex);
-			if (env->me_wmutex) CloseHandle(env->me_wmutex);
-		}
-		/* Windows automatically destroys the mutexes when
-		 * the last handle closes.
-		 */
-#elif defined(MDB_USE_POSIX_SEM)
-		if (env->me_rmutex != SEM_FAILED) {
-			sem_close(env->me_rmutex);
-			if (env->me_wmutex != SEM_FAILED)
-				sem_close(env->me_wmutex);
-			/* If we have the filelock:  If we are the
-			 * only remaining user, clean up semaphores.
-			 */
-			if (excl == 0)
-				mdb_env_excl_lock(env, &excl);
-			if (excl > 0) {
-				sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_rmname);
-				sem_unlink(env->me_txns->mti_wmname);
-			}
-		}
-#endif
-		munmap((void *)env->me_txns, (env->me_maxreaders-1)*sizeof(MDB_reader)+sizeof(MDB_txninfo));
-	}
-	if (env->me_lfd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		if (excl >= 0) {
-			/* Unlock the lockfile.  Windows would have unlocked it
-			 * after closing anyway, but not necessarily at once.
-			 */
-			UnlockFile(env->me_lfd, 0, 0, 1, 0);
-		}
-#endif
-		(void) close(env->me_lfd);
-	}
-
-	env->me_flags &= ~(MDB_ENV_ACTIVE|MDB_ENV_TXKEY);
-}
-
-void ESECT
-mdb_env_close(MDB_env *env)
-{
-	MDB_page *dp;
-
-	if (env == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	VGMEMP_DESTROY(env);
-	while ((dp = env->me_dpages) != NULL) {
-		VGMEMP_DEFINED(&dp->mp_next, sizeof(dp->mp_next));
-		env->me_dpages = dp->mp_next;
-		free(dp);
-	}
-
-	mdb_env_close0(env, 0);
-	free(env);
-}
-
-/** Compare two items pointing at aligned size_t's */
-static int
-mdb_cmp_long(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-	return (*(size_t *)a->mv_data < *(size_t *)b->mv_data) ? -1 :
-		*(size_t *)a->mv_data > *(size_t *)b->mv_data;
-}
-
-/** Compare two items pointing at aligned unsigned int's.
- *
- *	This is also set as #MDB_INTEGERDUP|#MDB_DUPFIXED's #MDB_dbx.%md_dcmp,
- *	but #mdb_cmp_clong() is called instead if the data type is size_t.
- */
-static int
-mdb_cmp_int(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-	return (*(unsigned int *)a->mv_data < *(unsigned int *)b->mv_data) ? -1 :
-		*(unsigned int *)a->mv_data > *(unsigned int *)b->mv_data;
-}
-
-/** Compare two items pointing at unsigned ints of unknown alignment.
- *	Nodes and keys are guaranteed to be 2-byte aligned.
- */
-static int
-mdb_cmp_cint(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-#if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
-	unsigned short *u, *c;
-	int x;
-
-	u = (unsigned short *) ((char *) a->mv_data + a->mv_size);
-	c = (unsigned short *) ((char *) b->mv_data + a->mv_size);
-	do {
-		x = *--u - *--c;
-	} while(!x && u > (unsigned short *)a->mv_data);
-	return x;
-#else
-	unsigned short *u, *c, *end;
-	int x;
-
-	end = (unsigned short *) ((char *) a->mv_data + a->mv_size);
-	u = (unsigned short *)a->mv_data;
-	c = (unsigned short *)b->mv_data;
-	do {
-		x = *u++ - *c++;
-	} while(!x && u < end);
-	return x;
-#endif
-}
-
-/** Compare two items lexically */
-static int
-mdb_cmp_memn(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-	int diff;
-	ssize_t len_diff;
-	unsigned int len;
-
-	len = a->mv_size;
-	len_diff = (ssize_t) a->mv_size - (ssize_t) b->mv_size;
-	if (len_diff > 0) {
-		len = b->mv_size;
-		len_diff = 1;
-	}
-
-	diff = memcmp(a->mv_data, b->mv_data, len);
-	return diff ? diff : len_diff<0 ? -1 : len_diff;
-}
-
-/** Compare two items in reverse byte order */
-static int
-mdb_cmp_memnr(const MDB_val *a, const MDB_val *b)
-{
-	const unsigned char	*p1, *p2, *p1_lim;
-	ssize_t len_diff;
-	int diff;
-
-	p1_lim = (const unsigned char *)a->mv_data;
-	p1 = (const unsigned char *)a->mv_data + a->mv_size;
-	p2 = (const unsigned char *)b->mv_data + b->mv_size;
-
-	len_diff = (ssize_t) a->mv_size - (ssize_t) b->mv_size;
-	if (len_diff > 0) {
-		p1_lim += len_diff;
-		len_diff = 1;
-	}
-
-	while (p1 > p1_lim) {
-		diff = *--p1 - *--p2;
-		if (diff)
-			return diff;
-	}
-	return len_diff<0 ? -1 : len_diff;
-}
-
-/** Search for key within a page, using binary search.
- * Returns the smallest entry larger or equal to the key.
- * If exactp is non-null, stores whether the found entry was an exact match
- * in *exactp (1 or 0).
- * Updates the cursor index with the index of the found entry.
- * If no entry larger or equal to the key is found, returns NULL.
- */
-static MDB_node *
-mdb_node_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int *exactp)
-{
-	unsigned int	 i = 0, nkeys;
-	int		 low, high;
-	int		 rc = 0;
-	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	MDB_node	*node = NULL;
-	MDB_val	 nodekey;
-	MDB_cmp_func *cmp;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-
-	DPRINTF(("searching %u keys in %s %spage %"Z"u",
-	    nkeys, IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", IS_SUBP(mp) ? "sub-" : "",
-	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mp)));
-
-	low = IS_LEAF(mp) ? 0 : 1;
-	high = nkeys - 1;
-	cmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp;
-
-	/* Branch pages have no data, so if using integer keys,
-	 * alignment is guaranteed. Use faster mdb_cmp_int.
-	 */
-	if (cmp == mdb_cmp_cint && IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
-		if (NODEPTR(mp, 1)->mn_ksize == sizeof(size_t))
-			cmp = mdb_cmp_long;
-		else
-			cmp = mdb_cmp_int;
-	}
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		nodekey.mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		node = NODEPTR(mp, 0);	/* fake */
-		while (low <= high) {
-			i = (low + high) >> 1;
-			nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, i, nodekey.mv_size);
-			rc = cmp(key, &nodekey);
-			DPRINTF(("found leaf index %u [%s], rc = %i",
-			    i, DKEY(&nodekey), rc));
-			if (rc == 0)
-				break;
-			if (rc > 0)
-				low = i + 1;
-			else
-				high = i - 1;
-		}
-	} else {
-		while (low <= high) {
-			i = (low + high) >> 1;
-
-			node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-			nodekey.mv_size = NODEKSZ(node);
-			nodekey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
-
-			rc = cmp(key, &nodekey);
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
-				DPRINTF(("found leaf index %u [%s], rc = %i",
-				    i, DKEY(&nodekey), rc));
-			else
-				DPRINTF(("found branch index %u [%s -> %"Z"u], rc = %i",
-				    i, DKEY(&nodekey), NODEPGNO(node), rc));
-#endif
-			if (rc == 0)
-				break;
-			if (rc > 0)
-				low = i + 1;
-			else
-				high = i - 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (rc > 0) {	/* Found entry is less than the key. */
-		i++;	/* Skip to get the smallest entry larger than key. */
-		if (!IS_LEAF2(mp))
-			node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-	}
-	if (exactp)
-		*exactp = (rc == 0 && nkeys > 0);
-	/* store the key index */
-	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
-	if (i >= nkeys)
-		/* There is no entry larger or equal to the key. */
-		return NULL;
-
-	/* nodeptr is fake for LEAF2 */
-	return node;
-}
-
-#if 0
-static void
-mdb_cursor_adjust(MDB_cursor *mc, func)
-{
-	MDB_cursor *m2;
-
-	for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-		if (m2->mc_pg[m2->mc_top] == mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) {
-			func(mc, m2);
-		}
-	}
-}
-#endif
-
-/** Pop a page off the top of the cursor's stack. */
-static void
-mdb_cursor_pop(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	if (mc->mc_snum) {
-		DPRINTF(("popping page %"Z"u off db %d cursor %p",
-			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DDBI(mc), (void *) mc));
-
-		mc->mc_snum--;
-		if (mc->mc_snum) {
-			mc->mc_top--;
-		} else {
-			mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/** Push a page onto the top of the cursor's stack.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_push(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	DPRINTF(("pushing page %"Z"u on db %d cursor %p", mp->mp_pgno,
-		DDBI(mc), (void *) mc));
-
-	if (mc->mc_snum >= CURSOR_STACK) {
-		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-		return MDB_CURSOR_FULL;
-	}
-
-	mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum++;
-	mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = mp;
-	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Find the address of the page corresponding to a given page number.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- * @param[in] mc the cursor accessing the page.
- * @param[in] pgno the page number for the page to retrieve.
- * @param[out] ret address of a pointer where the page's address will be stored.
- * @param[out] lvl dirty_list inheritance level of found page. 1=current txn, 0=mapped page.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_get(MDB_cursor *mc, pgno_t pgno, MDB_page **ret, int *lvl)
-{
-	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_page *p = NULL;
-	int level;
-
-	if (! (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_WRITEMAP))) {
-		MDB_txn *tx2 = txn;
-		level = 1;
-		do {
-			MDB_ID2L dl = tx2->mt_u.dirty_list;
-			unsigned x;
-			/* Spilled pages were dirtied in this txn and flushed
-			 * because the dirty list got full. Bring this page
-			 * back in from the map (but don't unspill it here,
-			 * leave that unless page_touch happens again).
-			 */
-			if (tx2->mt_spill_pgs) {
-				MDB_ID pn = pgno << 1;
-				x = mdb_midl_search(tx2->mt_spill_pgs, pn);
-				if (x <= tx2->mt_spill_pgs[0] && tx2->mt_spill_pgs[x] == pn) {
-					p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
-					goto done;
-				}
-			}
-			if (dl[0].mid) {
-				unsigned x = mdb_mid2l_search(dl, pgno);
-				if (x <= dl[0].mid && dl[x].mid == pgno) {
-					p = dl[x].mptr;
-					goto done;
-				}
-			}
-			level++;
-		} while ((tx2 = tx2->mt_parent) != NULL);
-	}
-
-	if (pgno < txn->mt_next_pgno) {
-		level = 0;
-		p = (MDB_page *)(env->me_map + env->me_psize * pgno);
-	} else {
-		DPRINTF(("page %"Z"u not found", pgno));
-		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-		return MDB_PAGE_NOTFOUND;
-	}
-
-done:
-	*ret = p;
-	if (lvl)
-		*lvl = level;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Finish #mdb_page_search() / #mdb_page_search_lowest().
- *	The cursor is at the root page, set up the rest of it.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_search_root(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int flags)
-{
-	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	int rc;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	while (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
-		MDB_node	*node;
-		indx_t		i;
-
-		DPRINTF(("branch page %"Z"u has %u keys", mp->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(mp)));
-		/* Don't assert on branch pages in the FreeDB. We can get here
-		 * while in the process of rebalancing a FreeDB branch page; we must
-		 * let that proceed. ITS#8336
-		 */
-		mdb_cassert(mc, !mc->mc_dbi || NUMKEYS(mp) > 1);
-		DPRINTF(("found index 0 to page %"Z"u", NODEPGNO(NODEPTR(mp, 0))));
-
-		if (flags & (MDB_PS_FIRST|MDB_PS_LAST)) {
-			i = 0;
-			if (flags & MDB_PS_LAST) {
-				i = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
-				/* if already init'd, see if we're already in right place */
-				if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
-					if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == i) {
-						mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum++;
-						mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-						goto ready;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			int	 exact;
-			node = mdb_node_search(mc, key, &exact);
-			if (node == NULL)
-				i = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
-			else {
-				i = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
-				if (!exact) {
-					mdb_cassert(mc, i > 0);
-					i--;
-				}
-			}
-			DPRINTF(("following index %u for key [%s]", i, DKEY(key)));
-		}
-
-		mdb_cassert(mc, i < NUMKEYS(mp));
-		node = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-
-		if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mp, NULL)) != 0)
-			return rc;
-
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
-		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp)))
-			return rc;
-
-ready:
-		if (flags & MDB_PS_MODIFY) {
-			if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(mc)) != 0)
-				return rc;
-			mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-		DPRINTF(("internal error, index points to a %02X page!?",
-		    mp->mp_flags));
-		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-		return MDB_CORRUPTED;
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("found leaf page %"Z"u for key [%s]", mp->mp_pgno,
-	    key ? DKEY(key) : "null"));
-	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
-	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Search for the lowest key under the current branch page.
- * This just bypasses a NUMKEYS check in the current page
- * before calling mdb_page_search_root(), because the callers
- * are all in situations where the current page is known to
- * be underfilled.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_search_lowest(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	MDB_node	*node = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
-	int rc;
-
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mp, NULL)) != 0)
-		return rc;
-
-	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-	if ((rc = mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp)))
-		return rc;
-	return mdb_page_search_root(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
-}
-
-/** Search for the page a given key should be in.
- * Push it and its parent pages on the cursor stack.
- * @param[in,out] mc the cursor for this operation.
- * @param[in] key the key to search for, or NULL for first/last page.
- * @param[in] flags If MDB_PS_MODIFY is set, visited pages in the DB
- *   are touched (updated with new page numbers).
- *   If MDB_PS_FIRST or MDB_PS_LAST is set, find first or last leaf.
- *   This is used by #mdb_cursor_first() and #mdb_cursor_last().
- *   If MDB_PS_ROOTONLY set, just fetch root node, no further lookups.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_search(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, int flags)
-{
-	int		 rc;
-	pgno_t		 root;
-
-	/* Make sure the txn is still viable, then find the root from
-	 * the txn's db table and set it as the root of the cursor's stack.
-	 */
-	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED) {
-		DPUTS("transaction may not be used now");
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-	} else {
-		/* Make sure we're using an up-to-date root */
-		if (*mc->mc_dbflag & DB_STALE) {
-				MDB_cursor mc2;
-				if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi))
-					return MDB_BAD_DBI;
-				mdb_cursor_init(&mc2, mc->mc_txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
-				rc = mdb_page_search(&mc2, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, 0);
-				if (rc)
-					return rc;
-				{
-					MDB_val data;
-					int exact = 0;
-					uint16_t flags;
-					MDB_node *leaf = mdb_node_search(&mc2,
-						&mc->mc_dbx->md_name, &exact);
-					if (!exact)
-						return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-					if ((leaf->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) != F_SUBDATA)
-						return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE; /* not a named DB */
-					rc = mdb_node_read(&mc2, leaf, &data);
-					if (rc)
-						return rc;
-					memcpy(&flags, ((char *) data.mv_data + offsetof(MDB_db, md_flags)),
-						sizeof(uint16_t));
-					/* The txn may not know this DBI, or another process may
-					 * have dropped and recreated the DB with other flags.
-					 */
-					if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS) != flags)
-						return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-					memcpy(mc->mc_db, data.mv_data, sizeof(MDB_db));
-				}
-				*mc->mc_dbflag &= ~DB_STALE;
-		}
-		root = mc->mc_db->md_root;
-
-		if (root == P_INVALID) {		/* Tree is empty. */
-			DPUTS("tree is empty");
-			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		}
-	}
-
-	mdb_cassert(mc, root > 1);
-	if (!mc->mc_pg[0] || mc->mc_pg[0]->mp_pgno != root)
-		if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, root, &mc->mc_pg[0], NULL)) != 0)
-			return rc;
-
-	mc->mc_snum = 1;
-	mc->mc_top = 0;
-
-	DPRINTF(("db %d root page %"Z"u has flags 0x%X",
-		DDBI(mc), root, mc->mc_pg[0]->mp_flags));
-
-	if (flags & MDB_PS_MODIFY) {
-		if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(mc)))
-			return rc;
-	}
-
-	if (flags & MDB_PS_ROOTONLY)
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-	return mdb_page_search_root(mc, key, flags);
-}
-
-static int
-mdb_ovpage_free(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_page *mp)
-{
-	MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-	pgno_t pg = mp->mp_pgno;
-	unsigned x = 0, ovpages = mp->mp_pages;
-	MDB_env *env = txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_IDL sl = txn->mt_spill_pgs;
-	MDB_ID pn = pg << 1;
-	int rc;
-
-	DPRINTF(("free ov page %"Z"u (%d)", pg, ovpages));
-	/* If the page is dirty or on the spill list we just acquired it,
-	 * so we should give it back to our current free list, if any.
-	 * Otherwise put it onto the list of pages we freed in this txn.
-	 *
-	 * Won't create me_pghead: me_pglast must be inited along with it.
-	 * Unsupported in nested txns: They would need to hide the page
-	 * range in ancestor txns' dirty and spilled lists.
-	 */
-	if (env->me_pghead &&
-		!txn->mt_parent &&
-		((mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) ||
-		 (sl && (x = mdb_midl_search(sl, pn)) <= sl[0] && sl[x] == pn)))
-	{
-		unsigned i, j;
-		pgno_t *mop;
-		MDB_ID2 *dl, ix, iy;
-		rc = mdb_midl_need(&env->me_pghead, ovpages);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		if (!(mp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY)) {
-			/* This page is no longer spilled */
-			if (x == sl[0])
-				sl[0]--;
-			else
-				sl[x] |= 1;
-			goto release;
-		}
-		/* Remove from dirty list */
-		dl = txn->mt_u.dirty_list;
-		x = dl[0].mid--;
-		for (ix = dl[x]; ix.mptr != mp; ix = iy) {
-			if (x > 1) {
-				x--;
-				iy = dl[x];
-				dl[x] = ix;
-			} else {
-				mdb_cassert(mc, x > 1);
-				j = ++(dl[0].mid);
-				dl[j] = ix;		/* Unsorted. OK when MDB_TXN_ERROR. */
-				txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-				return MDB_CORRUPTED;
-			}
-		}
-		txn->mt_dirty_room++;
-		if (!(env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP))
-			mdb_dpage_free(env, mp);
-release:
-		/* Insert in me_pghead */
-		mop = env->me_pghead;
-		j = mop[0] + ovpages;
-		for (i = mop[0]; i && mop[i] < pg; i--)
-			mop[j--] = mop[i];
-		while (j>i)
-			mop[j--] = pg++;
-		mop[0] += ovpages;
-	} else {
-		rc = mdb_midl_append_range(&txn->mt_free_pgs, pg, ovpages);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-	}
-	mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages -= ovpages;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/** Return the data associated with a given node.
- * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
- * @param[in] leaf The node being read.
- * @param[out] data Updated to point to the node's data.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_node_read(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *leaf, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	MDB_page	*omp;		/* overflow page */
-	pgno_t		 pgno;
-	int rc;
-
-	if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
-		data->mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
-		data->mv_data = NODEDATA(leaf);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	/* Read overflow data.
-	 */
-	data->mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
-	memcpy(&pgno, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(pgno));
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, pgno, &omp, NULL)) != 0) {
-		DPRINTF(("read overflow page %"Z"u failed", pgno));
-		return rc;
-	}
-	data->mv_data = METADATA(omp);
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_get(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
-    MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	MDB_cursor	mc;
-	MDB_xcursor	mx;
-	int exact = 0;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	DPRINTF(("===> get db %u key [%s]", dbi, DKEY(key)));
-
-	if (!key || !data || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
-	return mdb_cursor_set(&mc, key, data, MDB_SET, &exact);
-}
-
-/** Find a sibling for a page.
- * Replaces the page at the top of the cursor's stack with the
- * specified sibling, if one exists.
- * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
- * @param[in] move_right Non-zero if the right sibling is requested,
- * otherwise the left sibling.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_sibling(MDB_cursor *mc, int move_right)
-{
-	int		 rc;
-	MDB_node	*indx;
-	MDB_page	*mp;
-
-	if (mc->mc_snum < 2) {
-		return MDB_NOTFOUND;		/* root has no siblings */
-	}
-
-	mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
-	DPRINTF(("parent page is page %"Z"u, index %u",
-		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-
-	if (move_right ? (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] + 1u >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
-		       : (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == 0)) {
-		DPRINTF(("no more keys left, moving to %s sibling",
-		    move_right ? "right" : "left"));
-		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, move_right)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			/* undo cursor_pop before returning */
-			mc->mc_top++;
-			mc->mc_snum++;
-			return rc;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (move_right)
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
-		else
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
-		DPRINTF(("just moving to %s index key %u",
-		    move_right ? "right" : "left", mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-	}
-	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_BRANCH(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));
-
-	indx = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(indx), &mp, NULL)) != 0) {
-		/* mc will be inconsistent if caller does mc_snum++ as above */
-		mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-		return rc;
-	}
-
-	mdb_cursor_push(mc, mp);
-	if (!move_right)
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mp)-1;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Move the cursor to the next data item. */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_next(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
-{
-	MDB_page	*mp;
-	MDB_node	*leaf;
-	int rc;
-
-	if ((mc->mc_flags & C_DEL && op == MDB_NEXT_DUP))
-		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-
-	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-		return mdb_cursor_first(mc, key, data);
-
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_EOF) {
-		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mp)-1)
-			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		mc->mc_flags ^= C_EOF;
-	}
-
-	if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
-		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			if (op == MDB_NEXT || op == MDB_NEXT_DUP) {
-				rc = mdb_cursor_next(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_NEXT);
-				if (op != MDB_NEXT || rc != MDB_NOTFOUND) {
-					if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
-						MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-					return rc;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-			if (op == MDB_NEXT_DUP)
-				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		}
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("cursor_next: top page is %"Z"u in cursor %p",
-		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), (void *) mc));
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL) {
-		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
-		goto skip;
-	}
-
-	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] + 1u >= NUMKEYS(mp)) {
-		DPUTS("=====> move to next sibling page");
-		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
-			return rc;
-		}
-		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-		DPRINTF(("next page is %"Z"u, key index %u", mp->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-	} else
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
-
-skip:
-	DPRINTF(("==> cursor points to page %"Z"u with %u keys, key index %u",
-	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
-	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-
-	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
-	}
-	if (data) {
-		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-			return rc;
-
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
-			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-		}
-	}
-
-	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Move the cursor to the previous data item. */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_prev(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, MDB_cursor_op op)
-{
-	MDB_page	*mp;
-	MDB_node	*leaf;
-	int rc;
-
-	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
-		rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
-	}
-
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-
-	if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
-		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			if (op == MDB_PREV || op == MDB_PREV_DUP) {
-				rc = mdb_cursor_prev(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_PREV);
-				if (op != MDB_PREV || rc != MDB_NOTFOUND) {
-					if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-						MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-						mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
-					}
-					return rc;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-			if (op == MDB_PREV_DUP)
-				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		}
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("cursor_prev: top page is %"Z"u in cursor %p",
-		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), (void *) mc));
-
-	mc->mc_flags &= ~(C_EOF|C_DEL);
-
-	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == 0)  {
-		DPUTS("=====> move to prev sibling page");
-		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 0)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			return rc;
-		}
-		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mp) - 1;
-		DPRINTF(("prev page is %"Z"u, key index %u", mp->mp_pgno, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-	} else
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
-
-	DPRINTF(("==> cursor points to page %"Z"u with %u keys, key index %u",
-	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
-	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-
-	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
-	}
-	if (data) {
-		if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-			return rc;
-
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			rc = mdb_cursor_last(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
-			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-		}
-	}
-
-	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Set the cursor on a specific data item. */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_set(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
-    MDB_cursor_op op, int *exactp)
-{
-	int		 rc;
-	MDB_page	*mp;
-	MDB_node	*leaf = NULL;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	if (key->mv_size == 0)
-		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
-
-	if (mc->mc_xcursor)
-		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-
-	/* See if we're already on the right page */
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
-		MDB_val nodekey;
-
-		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-		if (!NUMKEYS(mp)) {
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		}
-		if (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
-			nodekey.mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-			nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, 0, nodekey.mv_size);
-		} else {
-			leaf = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
-			MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
-		}
-		rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
-		if (rc == 0) {
-			/* Probably happens rarely, but first node on the page
-			 * was the one we wanted.
-			 */
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-			if (exactp)
-				*exactp = 1;
-			goto set1;
-		}
-		if (rc > 0) {
-			unsigned int i;
-			unsigned int nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-			if (nkeys > 1) {
-				if (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
-					nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp,
-						 nkeys-1, nodekey.mv_size);
-				} else {
-					leaf = NODEPTR(mp, nkeys-1);
-					MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
-				}
-				rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
-				if (rc == 0) {
-					/* last node was the one we wanted */
-					mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys-1;
-					if (exactp)
-						*exactp = 1;
-					goto set1;
-				}
-				if (rc < 0) {
-					if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] < NUMKEYS(mp)) {
-						/* This is definitely the right page, skip search_page */
-						if (mp->mp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
-							nodekey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp,
-								 mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], nodekey.mv_size);
-						} else {
-							leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-							MDB_GET_KEY2(leaf, nodekey);
-						}
-						rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &nodekey);
-						if (rc == 0) {
-							/* current node was the one we wanted */
-							if (exactp)
-								*exactp = 1;
-							goto set1;
-						}
-					}
-					rc = 0;
-					mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
-					goto set2;
-				}
-			}
-			/* If any parents have right-sibs, search.
-			 * Otherwise, there's nothing further.
-			 */
-			for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++)
-				if (mc->mc_ki[i] <
-					NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[i])-1)
-					break;
-			if (i == mc->mc_top) {
-				/* There are no other pages */
-				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys;
-				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-			}
-		}
-		if (!mc->mc_top) {
-			/* There are no other pages */
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-			if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE && !exactp) {
-				rc = 0;
-				goto set1;
-			} else
-				return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		}
-	} else {
-		mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
-	}
-
-	rc = mdb_page_search(mc, key, 0);
-	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-		return rc;
-
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
-
-set2:
-	leaf = mdb_node_search(mc, key, exactp);
-	if (exactp != NULL && !*exactp) {
-		/* MDB_SET specified and not an exact match. */
-		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-	}
-
-	if (leaf == NULL) {
-		DPUTS("===> inexact leaf not found, goto sibling");
-		if ((rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			mc->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
-			return rc;		/* no entries matched */
-		}
-		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-		mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mp));
-		leaf = NODEPTR(mp, 0);
-	}
-
-set1:
-	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
-	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE || op == MDB_SET_KEY) {
-			key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-			key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
-		}
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-		mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
-	}
-	if (data) {
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			if (op == MDB_SET || op == MDB_SET_KEY || op == MDB_SET_RANGE) {
-				rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
-			} else {
-				int ex2, *ex2p;
-				if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH) {
-					ex2p = &ex2;
-					ex2 = 0;
-				} else {
-					ex2p = NULL;
-				}
-				rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_SET_RANGE, ex2p);
-				if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-					return rc;
-			}
-		} else if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || op == MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE) {
-			MDB_val olddata;
-			MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
-			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, &olddata)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-			dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
-#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-			if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
-				dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
-#endif
-			rc = dcmp(data, &olddata);
-			if (rc) {
-				if (op == MDB_GET_BOTH || rc > 0)
-					return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-				rc = 0;
-			}
-			*data = olddata;
-
-		} else {
-			if (mc->mc_xcursor)
-				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* The key already matches in all other cases */
-	if (op == MDB_SET_RANGE || op == MDB_SET_KEY)
-		MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-	DPRINTF(("==> cursor placed on key [%s]", DKEY(key)));
-
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Move the cursor to the first item in the database. */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_first(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	int		 rc;
-	MDB_node	*leaf;
-
-	if (mc->mc_xcursor)
-		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-
-	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || mc->mc_top) {
-		rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
-		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-			return rc;
-	}
-	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));
-
-	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], 0);
-	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
-	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
-
-	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
-		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], 0, key->mv_size);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (data) {
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
-			rc = mdb_cursor_first(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-		} else {
-			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-		}
-	}
-	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Move the cursor to the last item in the database. */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_last(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	int		 rc;
-	MDB_node	*leaf;
-
-	if (mc->mc_xcursor)
-		mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-
-	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || mc->mc_top) {
-		rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_LAST);
-		if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-			return rc;
-	}
-	mdb_cassert(mc, IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]));
-
-	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) - 1;
-	mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF;
-	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
-		key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (data) {
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-			mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
-			rc = mdb_cursor_last(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-		} else {
-			if ((rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-		}
-	}
-
-	MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_cursor_get(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
-    MDB_cursor_op op)
-{
-	int		 rc;
-	int		 exact = 0;
-	int		 (*mfunc)(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data);
-
-	if (mc == NULL)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	switch (op) {
-	case MDB_GET_CURRENT:
-		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-		} else {
-			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-			int nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-			if (!nkeys || mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
-				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = nkeys;
-				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
-				break;
-			}
-			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-			if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-				key->mv_size = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-				key->mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key->mv_size);
-			} else {
-				MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-				MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-				if (data) {
-					if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-						rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL, MDB_GET_CURRENT);
-					} else {
-						rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		break;
-	case MDB_GET_BOTH:
-	case MDB_GET_BOTH_RANGE:
-		if (data == NULL) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL) {
-			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-			break;
-		}
-		/* FALLTHRU */
-	case MDB_SET:
-	case MDB_SET_KEY:
-	case MDB_SET_RANGE:
-		if (key == NULL) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-		} else {
-			rc = mdb_cursor_set(mc, key, data, op,
-				op == MDB_SET_RANGE ? NULL : &exact);
-		}
-		break;
-	case MDB_GET_MULTIPLE:
-		if (data == NULL || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
-			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-			break;
-		}
-		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) ||
-			(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_EOF))
-			break;
-		goto fetchm;
-	case MDB_NEXT_MULTIPLE:
-		if (data == NULL) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
-			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-			break;
-		}
-		rc = mdb_cursor_next(mc, key, data, MDB_NEXT_DUP);
-		if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			if (mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
-				MDB_cursor *mx;
-fetchm:
-				mx = &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-				data->mv_size = NUMKEYS(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top]) *
-					mx->mc_db->md_pad;
-				data->mv_data = METADATA(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top]);
-				mx->mc_ki[mx->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mx->mc_pg[mx->mc_top])-1;
-			} else {
-				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
-			}
-		}
-		break;
-	case MDB_PREV_MULTIPLE:
-		if (data == NULL) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
-			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-			rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
-		else
-			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-		if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			MDB_cursor *mx = &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-			if (mx->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
-				rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mx, 0);
-				if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
-					goto fetchm;
-			} else {
-				rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
-			}
-		}
-		break;
-	case MDB_NEXT:
-	case MDB_NEXT_DUP:
-	case MDB_NEXT_NODUP:
-		rc = mdb_cursor_next(mc, key, data, op);
-		break;
-	case MDB_PREV:
-	case MDB_PREV_DUP:
-	case MDB_PREV_NODUP:
-		rc = mdb_cursor_prev(mc, key, data, op);
-		break;
-	case MDB_FIRST:
-		rc = mdb_cursor_first(mc, key, data);
-		break;
-	case MDB_FIRST_DUP:
-		mfunc = mdb_cursor_first;
-	mmove:
-		if (data == NULL || !(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL) {
-			rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
-			rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
-			break;
-		}
-		{
-			MDB_node *leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-				MDB_GET_KEY(leaf, key);
-				rc = mdb_node_read(mc, leaf, data);
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
-			rc = EINVAL;
-			break;
-		}
-		rc = mfunc(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, NULL);
-		break;
-	case MDB_LAST:
-		rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, key, data);
-		break;
-	case MDB_LAST_DUP:
-		mfunc = mdb_cursor_last;
-		goto mmove;
-	default:
-		DPRINTF(("unhandled/unimplemented cursor operation %u", op));
-		rc = EINVAL;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL)
-		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
-
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Touch all the pages in the cursor stack. Set mc_top.
- *	Makes sure all the pages are writable, before attempting a write operation.
- * @param[in] mc The cursor to operate on.
- */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_touch(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-	if (mc->mc_dbi >= CORE_DBS && !(*mc->mc_dbflag & (DB_DIRTY|DB_DUPDATA))) {
-		/* Touch DB record of named DB */
-		MDB_cursor mc2;
-		MDB_xcursor mcx;
-		if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(mc->mc_txn, mc->mc_dbi))
-			return MDB_BAD_DBI;
-		mdb_cursor_init(&mc2, mc->mc_txn, MAIN_DBI, &mcx);
-		rc = mdb_page_search(&mc2, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, MDB_PS_MODIFY);
-		if (rc)
-			 return rc;
-		*mc->mc_dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
-	}
-	mc->mc_top = 0;
-	if (mc->mc_snum) {
-		do {
-			rc = mdb_page_touch(mc);
-		} while (!rc && ++(mc->mc_top) < mc->mc_snum);
-		mc->mc_top = mc->mc_snum-1;
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Do not spill pages to disk if txn is getting full, may fail instead */
-#define MDB_NOSPILL	0x8000
-
-int
-mdb_cursor_put(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data,
-    unsigned int flags)
-{
-	MDB_env		*env;
-	MDB_node	*leaf = NULL;
-	MDB_page	*fp, *mp, *sub_root = NULL;
-	uint16_t	fp_flags;
-	MDB_val		xdata, *rdata, dkey, olddata;
-	MDB_db dummy;
-	int do_sub = 0, insert_key, insert_data;
-	unsigned int mcount = 0, dcount = 0, nospill;
-	size_t nsize;
-	int rc, rc2;
-	unsigned int nflags;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	if (mc == NULL || key == NULL)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	env = mc->mc_txn->mt_env;
-
-	/* Check this first so counter will always be zero on any
-	 * early failures.
-	 */
-	if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
-		dcount = data[1].mv_size;
-		data[1].mv_size = 0;
-		if (!F_ISSET(mc->mc_db->md_flags, MDB_DUPFIXED))
-			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-	}
-
-	nospill = flags & MDB_NOSPILL;
-	flags &= ~MDB_NOSPILL;
-
-	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
-		return (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	if (key->mv_size-1 >= ENV_MAXKEY(env))
-		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
-
-#if SIZE_MAX > MAXDATASIZE
-	if (data->mv_size > ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) ? ENV_MAXKEY(env) : MAXDATASIZE))
-		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
-#else
-	if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) && data->mv_size > ENV_MAXKEY(env))
-		return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
-#endif
-
-	DPRINTF(("==> put db %d key [%s], size %"Z"u, data size %"Z"u",
-		DDBI(mc), DKEY(key), key ? key->mv_size : 0, data->mv_size));
-
-	dkey.mv_size = 0;
-
-	if (flags == MDB_CURRENT) {
-		if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-			return EINVAL;
-		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-	} else if (mc->mc_db->md_root == P_INVALID) {
-		/* new database, cursor has nothing to point to */
-		mc->mc_snum = 0;
-		mc->mc_top = 0;
-		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-		rc = MDB_NO_ROOT;
-	} else {
-		int exact = 0;
-		MDB_val d2;
-		if (flags & MDB_APPEND) {
-			MDB_val k2;
-			rc = mdb_cursor_last(mc, &k2, &d2);
-			if (rc == 0) {
-				rc = mc->mc_dbx->md_cmp(key, &k2);
-				if (rc > 0) {
-					rc = MDB_NOTFOUND;
-					mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
-				} else {
-					/* new key is <= last key */
-					rc = MDB_KEYEXIST;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			rc = mdb_cursor_set(mc, key, &d2, MDB_SET, &exact);
-		}
-		if ((flags & MDB_NOOVERWRITE) && rc == 0) {
-			DPRINTF(("duplicate key [%s]", DKEY(key)));
-			*data = d2;
-			return MDB_KEYEXIST;
-		}
-		if (rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
-			return rc;
-	}
-
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_DEL)
-		mc->mc_flags ^= C_DEL;
-
-	/* Cursor is positioned, check for room in the dirty list */
-	if (!nospill) {
-		if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
-			rdata = &xdata;
-			xdata.mv_size = data->mv_size * dcount;
-		} else {
-			rdata = data;
-		}
-		if ((rc2 = mdb_page_spill(mc, key, rdata)))
-			return rc2;
-	}
-
-	if (rc == MDB_NO_ROOT) {
-		MDB_page *np;
-		/* new database, write a root leaf page */
-		DPUTS("allocating new root leaf page");
-		if ((rc2 = mdb_page_new(mc, P_LEAF, 1, &np))) {
-			return rc2;
-		}
-		mdb_cursor_push(mc, np);
-		mc->mc_db->md_root = np->mp_pgno;
-		mc->mc_db->md_depth++;
-		*mc->mc_dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
-		if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & (MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_DUPFIXED))
-			== MDB_DUPFIXED)
-			np->mp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
-		mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
-	} else {
-		/* make sure all cursor pages are writable */
-		rc2 = mdb_cursor_touch(mc);
-		if (rc2)
-			return rc2;
-	}
-
-	insert_key = insert_data = rc;
-	if (insert_key) {
-		/* The key does not exist */
-		DPRINTF(("inserting key at index %i", mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]));
-		if ((mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) &&
-			LEAFSIZE(key, data) > env->me_nodemax)
-		{
-			/* Too big for a node, insert in sub-DB.  Set up an empty
-			 * "old sub-page" for prep_subDB to expand to a full page.
-			 */
-			fp_flags = P_LEAF|P_DIRTY;
-			fp = env->me_pbuf;
-			fp->mp_pad = data->mv_size; /* used if MDB_DUPFIXED */
-			fp->mp_lower = fp->mp_upper = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
-			olddata.mv_size = PAGEHDRSZ;
-			goto prep_subDB;
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* there's only a key anyway, so this is a no-op */
-		if (IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
-			char *ptr;
-			unsigned int ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-			if (key->mv_size != ksize)
-				return MDB_BAD_VALSIZE;
-			ptr = LEAF2KEY(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], ksize);
-			memcpy(ptr, key->mv_data, ksize);
-fix_parent:
-			/* if overwriting slot 0 of leaf, need to
-			 * update branch key if there is a parent page
-			 */
-			if (mc->mc_top && !mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
-				unsigned short dtop = 1;
-				mc->mc_top--;
-				/* slot 0 is always an empty key, find real slot */
-				while (mc->mc_top && !mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
-					mc->mc_top--;
-					dtop++;
-				}
-				if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top])
-					rc2 = mdb_update_key(mc, key);
-				else
-					rc2 = MDB_SUCCESS;
-				mc->mc_top += dtop;
-				if (rc2)
-					return rc2;
-			}
-			return MDB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-
-more:
-		leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-		olddata.mv_size = NODEDSZ(leaf);
-		olddata.mv_data = NODEDATA(leaf);
-
-		/* DB has dups? */
-		if (F_ISSET(mc->mc_db->md_flags, MDB_DUPSORT)) {
-			/* Prepare (sub-)page/sub-DB to accept the new item,
-			 * if needed.  fp: old sub-page or a header faking
-			 * it.  mp: new (sub-)page.  offset: growth in page
-			 * size.  xdata: node data with new page or DB.
-			 */
-			unsigned	i, offset = 0;
-			mp = fp = xdata.mv_data = env->me_pbuf;
-			mp->mp_pgno = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]->mp_pgno;
-
-			/* Was a single item before, must convert now */
-			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-				MDB_cmp_func *dcmp;
-				/* Just overwrite the current item */
-				if (flags == MDB_CURRENT)
-					goto current;
-				dcmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
-#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-				if (dcmp == mdb_cmp_int && olddata.mv_size == sizeof(size_t))
-					dcmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
-#endif
-				/* does data match? */
-				if (!dcmp(data, &olddata)) {
-					if (flags & (MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_APPENDDUP))
-						return MDB_KEYEXIST;
-					/* overwrite it */
-					goto current;
-				}
-
-				/* Back up original data item */
-				dkey.mv_size = olddata.mv_size;
-				dkey.mv_data = memcpy(fp+1, olddata.mv_data, olddata.mv_size);
-
-				/* Make sub-page header for the dup items, with dummy body */
-				fp->mp_flags = P_LEAF|P_DIRTY|P_SUBP;
-				fp->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
-				xdata.mv_size = PAGEHDRSZ + dkey.mv_size + data->mv_size;
-				if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
-					fp->mp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
-					fp->mp_pad = data->mv_size;
-					xdata.mv_size += 2 * data->mv_size;	/* leave space for 2 more */
-				} else {
-					xdata.mv_size += 2 * (sizeof(indx_t) + NODESIZE) +
-						(dkey.mv_size & 1) + (data->mv_size & 1);
-				}
-				fp->mp_upper = xdata.mv_size - PAGEBASE;
-				olddata.mv_size = xdata.mv_size; /* pretend olddata is fp */
-			} else if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-				/* Data is on sub-DB, just store it */
-				flags |= F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA;
-				goto put_sub;
-			} else {
-				/* Data is on sub-page */
-				fp = olddata.mv_data;
-				switch (flags) {
-				default:
-					if (!(mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED)) {
-						offset = EVEN(NODESIZE + sizeof(indx_t) +
-							data->mv_size);
-						break;
-					}
-					offset = fp->mp_pad;
-					if (SIZELEFT(fp) < offset) {
-						offset *= 4; /* space for 4 more */
-						break;
-					}
-					/* FALLTHRU: Big enough MDB_DUPFIXED sub-page */
-				case MDB_CURRENT:
-					fp->mp_flags |= P_DIRTY;
-					COPY_PGNO(fp->mp_pgno, mp->mp_pgno);
-					mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = fp;
-					flags |= F_DUPDATA;
-					goto put_sub;
-				}
-				xdata.mv_size = olddata.mv_size + offset;
-			}
-
-			fp_flags = fp->mp_flags;
-			if (NODESIZE + NODEKSZ(leaf) + xdata.mv_size > env->me_nodemax) {
-					/* Too big for a sub-page, convert to sub-DB */
-					fp_flags &= ~P_SUBP;
-prep_subDB:
-					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
-						fp_flags |= P_LEAF2;
-						dummy.md_pad = fp->mp_pad;
-						dummy.md_flags = MDB_DUPFIXED;
-						if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
-							dummy.md_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY;
-					} else {
-						dummy.md_pad = 0;
-						dummy.md_flags = 0;
-					}
-					dummy.md_depth = 1;
-					dummy.md_branch_pages = 0;
-					dummy.md_leaf_pages = 1;
-					dummy.md_overflow_pages = 0;
-					dummy.md_entries = NUMKEYS(fp);
-					xdata.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
-					xdata.mv_data = &dummy;
-					if ((rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, 1, &mp)))
-						return rc;
-					offset = env->me_psize - olddata.mv_size;
-					flags |= F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA;
-					dummy.md_root = mp->mp_pgno;
-					sub_root = mp;
-			}
-			if (mp != fp) {
-				mp->mp_flags = fp_flags | P_DIRTY;
-				mp->mp_pad   = fp->mp_pad;
-				mp->mp_lower = fp->mp_lower;
-				mp->mp_upper = fp->mp_upper + offset;
-				if (fp_flags & P_LEAF2) {
-					memcpy(METADATA(mp), METADATA(fp), NUMKEYS(fp) * fp->mp_pad);
-				} else {
-					memcpy((char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE, (char *)fp + fp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE,
-						olddata.mv_size - fp->mp_upper - PAGEBASE);
-					memcpy((char *)(&mp->mp_ptrs), (char *)(&fp->mp_ptrs), NUMKEYS(fp) * sizeof(mp->mp_ptrs[0]));
-					for (i=0; i<NUMKEYS(fp); i++)
-						mp->mp_ptrs[i] += offset;
-				}
-			}
-
-			rdata = &xdata;
-			flags |= F_DUPDATA;
-			do_sub = 1;
-			if (!insert_key)
-				mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
-			goto new_sub;
-		}
-current:
-		/* LMDB passes F_SUBDATA in 'flags' to write a DB record */
-		if ((leaf->mn_flags ^ flags) & F_SUBDATA)
-			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-		/* overflow page overwrites need special handling */
-		if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
-			MDB_page *omp;
-			pgno_t pg;
-			int level, ovpages, dpages = OVPAGES(data->mv_size, env->me_psize);
-
-			memcpy(&pg, olddata.mv_data, sizeof(pg));
-			if ((rc2 = mdb_page_get(mc, pg, &omp, &level)) != 0)
-				return rc2;
-			ovpages = omp->mp_pages;
-
-			/* Is the ov page large enough? */
-			if (ovpages >= dpages) {
-			  if (!(omp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) &&
-				  (level || (env->me_flags & MDB_WRITEMAP)))
-			  {
-				rc = mdb_page_unspill(mc->mc_txn, omp, &omp);
-				if (rc)
-					return rc;
-				level = 0;		/* dirty in this txn or clean */
-			  }
-			  /* Is it dirty? */
-			  if (omp->mp_flags & P_DIRTY) {
-				/* yes, overwrite it. Note in this case we don't
-				 * bother to try shrinking the page if the new data
-				 * is smaller than the overflow threshold.
-				 */
-				if (level > 1) {
-					/* It is writable only in a parent txn */
-					size_t sz = (size_t) env->me_psize * ovpages, off;
-					MDB_page *np = mdb_page_malloc(mc->mc_txn, ovpages);
-					MDB_ID2 id2;
-					if (!np)
-						return ENOMEM;
-					id2.mid = pg;
-					id2.mptr = np;
-					/* Note - this page is already counted in parent's dirty_room */
-					rc2 = mdb_mid2l_insert(mc->mc_txn->mt_u.dirty_list, &id2);
-					mdb_cassert(mc, rc2 == 0);
-					/* Currently we make the page look as with put() in the
-					 * parent txn, in case the user peeks at MDB_RESERVEd
-					 * or unused parts. Some users treat ovpages specially.
-					 */
-					if (!(flags & MDB_RESERVE)) {
-						/* Skip the part where LMDB will put *data.
-						 * Copy end of page, adjusting alignment so
-						 * compiler may copy words instead of bytes.
-						 */
-						off = (PAGEHDRSZ + data->mv_size) & -sizeof(size_t);
-						memcpy((size_t *)((char *)np + off),
-							(size_t *)((char *)omp + off), sz - off);
-						sz = PAGEHDRSZ;
-					}
-					memcpy(np, omp, sz); /* Copy beginning of page */
-					omp = np;
-				}
-				SETDSZ(leaf, data->mv_size);
-				if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
-					data->mv_data = METADATA(omp);
-				else
-					memcpy(METADATA(omp), data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
-				return MDB_SUCCESS;
-			  }
-			}
-			if ((rc2 = mdb_ovpage_free(mc, omp)) != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc2;
-		} else if (data->mv_size == olddata.mv_size) {
-			/* same size, just replace it. Note that we could
-			 * also reuse this node if the new data is smaller,
-			 * but instead we opt to shrink the node in that case.
-			 */
-			if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
-				data->mv_data = olddata.mv_data;
-			else if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_SUB))
-				memcpy(olddata.mv_data, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
-			else {
-				memcpy(NODEKEY(leaf), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
-				goto fix_parent;
-			}
-			return MDB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-		mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
-	}
-
-	rdata = data;
-
-new_sub:
-	nflags = flags & NODE_ADD_FLAGS;
-	nsize = IS_LEAF2(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) ? key->mv_size : mdb_leaf_size(env, key, rdata);
-	if (SIZELEFT(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) < nsize) {
-		if (( flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) == F_DUPDATA )
-			nflags &= ~MDB_APPEND; /* sub-page may need room to grow */
-		if (!insert_key)
-			nflags |= MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE;
-		rc = mdb_page_split(mc, key, rdata, P_INVALID, nflags);
-	} else {
-		/* There is room already in this leaf page. */
-		rc = mdb_node_add(mc, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], key, rdata, 0, nflags);
-		if (rc == 0) {
-			/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-			MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-			MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
-			unsigned i = mc->mc_top;
-			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
-
-			for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-				if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-				else
-					m3 = m2;
-				if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum || m3->mc_pg[i] != mp) continue;
-				if (m3->mc_ki[i] >= mc->mc_ki[i] && insert_key) {
-					m3->mc_ki[i]++;
-				}
-				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, i, mp);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		/* Now store the actual data in the child DB. Note that we're
-		 * storing the user data in the keys field, so there are strict
-		 * size limits on dupdata. The actual data fields of the child
-		 * DB are all zero size.
-		 */
-		if (do_sub) {
-			int xflags, new_dupdata;
-			size_t ecount;
-put_sub:
-			xdata.mv_size = 0;
-			xdata.mv_data = "";
-			leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-			if (flags & MDB_CURRENT) {
-				xflags = MDB_CURRENT|MDB_NOSPILL;
-			} else {
-				mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, leaf);
-				xflags = (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA) ?
-					MDB_NOOVERWRITE|MDB_NOSPILL : MDB_NOSPILL;
-			}
-			if (sub_root)
-				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = sub_root;
-			new_dupdata = (int)dkey.mv_size;
-			/* converted, write the original data first */
-			if (dkey.mv_size) {
-				rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, &dkey, &xdata, xflags);
-				if (rc)
-					goto bad_sub;
-				/* we've done our job */
-				dkey.mv_size = 0;
-			}
-			if (!(leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) || sub_root) {
-				/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-				MDB_cursor *m2;
-				MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
-				unsigned i = mc->mc_top;
-				MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[i];
-
-				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-					if (m2 == mc || m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
-					if (!(m2->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) continue;
-					if (m2->mc_pg[i] == mp) {
-						if (m2->mc_ki[i] == mc->mc_ki[i]) {
-							mdb_xcursor_init2(m2, mx, new_dupdata);
-						} else if (!insert_key) {
-							XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, i, mp);
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			ecount = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries;
-			if (flags & MDB_APPENDDUP)
-				xflags |= MDB_APPEND;
-			rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, data, &xdata, xflags);
-			if (flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-				void *db = NODEDATA(leaf);
-				memcpy(db, &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db, sizeof(MDB_db));
-			}
-			insert_data = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries - ecount;
-		}
-		/* Increment count unless we just replaced an existing item. */
-		if (insert_data)
-			mc->mc_db->md_entries++;
-		if (insert_key) {
-			/* Invalidate txn if we created an empty sub-DB */
-			if (rc)
-				goto bad_sub;
-			/* If we succeeded and the key didn't exist before,
-			 * make sure the cursor is marked valid.
-			 */
-			mc->mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
-		}
-		if (flags & MDB_MULTIPLE) {
-			if (!rc) {
-				mcount++;
-				/* let caller know how many succeeded, if any */
-				data[1].mv_size = mcount;
-				if (mcount < dcount) {
-					data[0].mv_data = (char *)data[0].mv_data + data[0].mv_size;
-					insert_key = insert_data = 0;
-					goto more;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return rc;
-bad_sub:
-		if (rc == MDB_KEYEXIST)	/* should not happen, we deleted that item */
-			rc = MDB_CORRUPTED;
-	}
-	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_cursor_del(MDB_cursor *mc, unsigned int flags)
-{
-	MDB_node	*leaf;
-	MDB_page	*mp;
-	int rc;
-
-	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
-		return (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
-		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-
-	if (!(flags & MDB_NOSPILL) && (rc = mdb_page_spill(mc, NULL, NULL)))
-		return rc;
-
-	rc = mdb_cursor_touch(mc);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp))
-		goto del_key;
-	leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-
-	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-		if (flags & MDB_NODUPDATA) {
-			/* mdb_cursor_del0() will subtract the final entry */
-			mc->mc_db->md_entries -= mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries - 1;
-			mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-		} else {
-			if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_SUBDATA)) {
-				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(leaf);
-			}
-			rc = mdb_cursor_del(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, MDB_NOSPILL);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-			/* If sub-DB still has entries, we're done */
-			if (mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries) {
-				if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-					/* update subDB info */
-					void *db = NODEDATA(leaf);
-					memcpy(db, &mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db, sizeof(MDB_db));
-				} else {
-					MDB_cursor *m2;
-					/* shrink fake page */
-					mdb_node_shrink(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-					leaf = NODEPTR(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-					mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(leaf);
-					/* fix other sub-DB cursors pointed at fake pages on this page */
-					for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-						if (m2 == mc || m2->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum) continue;
-						if (!(m2->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) continue;
-						if (m2->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
-							XCURSOR_REFRESH(m2, mc->mc_top, mp);
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				mc->mc_db->md_entries--;
-				return rc;
-			} else {
-				mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-			}
-			/* otherwise fall thru and delete the sub-DB */
-		}
-
-		if (leaf->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-			/* add all the child DB's pages to the free list */
-			rc = mdb_drop0(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
-			if (rc)
-				goto fail;
-		}
-	}
-	/* LMDB passes F_SUBDATA in 'flags' to delete a DB record */
-	else if ((leaf->mn_flags ^ flags) & F_SUBDATA) {
-		rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	/* add overflow pages to free list */
-	if (F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
-		MDB_page *omp;
-		pgno_t pg;
-
-		memcpy(&pg, NODEDATA(leaf), sizeof(pg));
-		if ((rc = mdb_page_get(mc, pg, &omp, NULL)) ||
-			(rc = mdb_ovpage_free(mc, omp)))
-			goto fail;
-	}
-
-del_key:
-	return mdb_cursor_del0(mc);
-
-fail:
-	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Allocate and initialize new pages for a database.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- * @param[in] mc a cursor on the database being added to.
- * @param[in] flags flags defining what type of page is being allocated.
- * @param[in] num the number of pages to allocate. This is usually 1,
- * unless allocating overflow pages for a large record.
- * @param[out] mp Address of a page, or NULL on failure.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_new(MDB_cursor *mc, uint32_t flags, int num, MDB_page **mp)
-{
-	MDB_page	*np;
-	int rc;
-
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_alloc(mc, num, &np)))
-		return rc;
-	DPRINTF(("allocated new mpage %"Z"u, page size %u",
-	    np->mp_pgno, mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize));
-	np->mp_flags = flags | P_DIRTY;
-	np->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
-	np->mp_upper = mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize - PAGEBASE;
-
-	if (IS_BRANCH(np))
-		mc->mc_db->md_branch_pages++;
-	else if (IS_LEAF(np))
-		mc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages++;
-	else if (IS_OVERFLOW(np)) {
-		mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages += num;
-		np->mp_pages = num;
-	}
-	*mp = np;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/** Calculate the size of a leaf node.
- * The size depends on the environment's page size; if a data item
- * is too large it will be put onto an overflow page and the node
- * size will only include the key and not the data. Sizes are always
- * rounded up to an even number of bytes, to guarantee 2-byte alignment
- * of the #MDB_node headers.
- * @param[in] env The environment handle.
- * @param[in] key The key for the node.
- * @param[in] data The data for the node.
- * @return The number of bytes needed to store the node.
- */
-static size_t
-mdb_leaf_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	size_t		 sz;
-
-	sz = LEAFSIZE(key, data);
-	if (sz > env->me_nodemax) {
-		/* put on overflow page */
-		sz -= data->mv_size - sizeof(pgno_t);
-	}
-
-	return EVEN(sz + sizeof(indx_t));
-}
-
-/** Calculate the size of a branch node.
- * The size should depend on the environment's page size but since
- * we currently don't support spilling large keys onto overflow
- * pages, it's simply the size of the #MDB_node header plus the
- * size of the key. Sizes are always rounded up to an even number
- * of bytes, to guarantee 2-byte alignment of the #MDB_node headers.
- * @param[in] env The environment handle.
- * @param[in] key The key for the node.
- * @return The number of bytes needed to store the node.
- */
-static size_t
-mdb_branch_size(MDB_env *env, MDB_val *key)
-{
-	size_t		 sz;
-
-	sz = INDXSIZE(key);
-	if (sz > env->me_nodemax) {
-		/* put on overflow page */
-		/* not implemented */
-		/* sz -= key->size - sizeof(pgno_t); */
-	}
-
-	return sz + sizeof(indx_t);
-}
-
-/** Add a node to the page pointed to by the cursor.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- * @param[in] mc The cursor for this operation.
- * @param[in] indx The index on the page where the new node should be added.
- * @param[in] key The key for the new node.
- * @param[in] data The data for the new node, if any.
- * @param[in] pgno The page number, if adding a branch node.
- * @param[in] flags Flags for the node.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure. Possible errors are:
- * <ul>
- *	<li>ENOMEM - failed to allocate overflow pages for the node.
- *	<li>MDB_PAGE_FULL - there is insufficient room in the page. This error
- *	should never happen since all callers already calculate the
- *	page's free space before calling this function.
- * </ul>
- */
-static int
-mdb_node_add(MDB_cursor *mc, indx_t indx,
-    MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, pgno_t pgno, unsigned int flags)
-{
-	unsigned int	 i;
-	size_t		 node_size = NODESIZE;
-	ssize_t		 room;
-	indx_t		 ofs;
-	MDB_node	*node;
-	MDB_page	*mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	MDB_page	*ofp = NULL;		/* overflow page */
-	void		*ndata;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	mdb_cassert(mc, mp->mp_upper >= mp->mp_lower);
-
-	DPRINTF(("add to %s %spage %"Z"u index %i, data size %"Z"u key size %"Z"u [%s]",
-	    IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch",
-		IS_SUBP(mp) ? "sub-" : "",
-		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), indx, data ? data->mv_size : 0,
-		key ? key->mv_size : 0, key ? DKEY(key) : "null"));
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		/* Move higher keys up one slot. */
-		int ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad, dif;
-		char *ptr = LEAF2KEY(mp, indx, ksize);
-		dif = NUMKEYS(mp) - indx;
-		if (dif > 0)
-			memmove(ptr+ksize, ptr, dif*ksize);
-		/* insert new key */
-		memcpy(ptr, key->mv_data, ksize);
-
-		/* Just using these for counting */
-		mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
-		mp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	room = (ssize_t)SIZELEFT(mp) - (ssize_t)sizeof(indx_t);
-	if (key != NULL)
-		node_size += key->mv_size;
-	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-		mdb_cassert(mc, key && data);
-		if (F_ISSET(flags, F_BIGDATA)) {
-			/* Data already on overflow page. */
-			node_size += sizeof(pgno_t);
-		} else if (node_size + data->mv_size > mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_nodemax) {
-			int ovpages = OVPAGES(data->mv_size, mc->mc_txn->mt_env->me_psize);
-			int rc;
-			/* Put data on overflow page. */
-			DPRINTF(("data size is %"Z"u, node would be %"Z"u, put data on overflow page",
-			    data->mv_size, node_size+data->mv_size));
-			node_size = EVEN(node_size + sizeof(pgno_t));
-			if ((ssize_t)node_size > room)
-				goto full;
-			if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, P_OVERFLOW, ovpages, &ofp)))
-				return rc;
-			DPRINTF(("allocated overflow page %"Z"u", ofp->mp_pgno));
-			flags |= F_BIGDATA;
-			goto update;
-		} else {
-			node_size += data->mv_size;
-		}
-	}
-	node_size = EVEN(node_size);
-	if ((ssize_t)node_size > room)
-		goto full;
-
-update:
-	/* Move higher pointers up one slot. */
-	for (i = NUMKEYS(mp); i > indx; i--)
-		mp->mp_ptrs[i] = mp->mp_ptrs[i - 1];
-
-	/* Adjust free space offsets. */
-	ofs = mp->mp_upper - node_size;
-	mdb_cassert(mc, ofs >= mp->mp_lower + sizeof(indx_t));
-	mp->mp_ptrs[indx] = ofs;
-	mp->mp_upper = ofs;
-	mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
-
-	/* Write the node data. */
-	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
-	node->mn_ksize = (key == NULL) ? 0 : key->mv_size;
-	node->mn_flags = flags;
-	if (IS_LEAF(mp))
-		SETDSZ(node,data->mv_size);
-	else
-		SETPGNO(node,pgno);
-
-	if (key)
-		memcpy(NODEKEY(node), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
-
-	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-		ndata = NODEDATA(node);
-		if (ofp == NULL) {
-			if (F_ISSET(flags, F_BIGDATA))
-				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, sizeof(pgno_t));
-			else if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
-				data->mv_data = ndata;
-			else
-				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
-		} else {
-			memcpy(ndata, &ofp->mp_pgno, sizeof(pgno_t));
-			ndata = METADATA(ofp);
-			if (F_ISSET(flags, MDB_RESERVE))
-				data->mv_data = ndata;
-			else
-				memcpy(ndata, data->mv_data, data->mv_size);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-full:
-	DPRINTF(("not enough room in page %"Z"u, got %u ptrs",
-		mdb_dbg_pgno(mp), NUMKEYS(mp)));
-	DPRINTF(("upper-lower = %u - %u = %"Z"d", mp->mp_upper,mp->mp_lower,room));
-	DPRINTF(("node size = %"Z"u", node_size));
-	mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return MDB_PAGE_FULL;
-}
-
-/** Delete the specified node from a page.
- * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the node to delete.
- * @param[in] ksize The size of a node. Only used if the page is
- * part of a #MDB_DUPFIXED database.
- */
-static void
-mdb_node_del(MDB_cursor *mc, int ksize)
-{
-	MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	indx_t	indx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
-	unsigned int	 sz;
-	indx_t		 i, j, numkeys, ptr;
-	MDB_node	*node;
-	char		*base;
-
-	DPRINTF(("delete node %u on %s page %"Z"u", indx,
-	    IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", mdb_dbg_pgno(mp)));
-	numkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-	mdb_cassert(mc, indx < numkeys);
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		int x = numkeys - 1 - indx;
-		base = LEAF2KEY(mp, indx, ksize);
-		if (x)
-			memmove(base, base + ksize, x * ksize);
-		mp->mp_lower -= sizeof(indx_t);
-		mp->mp_upper += ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
-	sz = NODESIZE + node->mn_ksize;
-	if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-		if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
-			sz += sizeof(pgno_t);
-		else
-			sz += NODEDSZ(node);
-	}
-	sz = EVEN(sz);
-
-	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
-	for (i = j = 0; i < numkeys; i++) {
-		if (i != indx) {
-			mp->mp_ptrs[j] = mp->mp_ptrs[i];
-			if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] < ptr)
-				mp->mp_ptrs[j] += sz;
-			j++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
-	memmove(base + sz, base, ptr - mp->mp_upper);
-
-	mp->mp_lower -= sizeof(indx_t);
-	mp->mp_upper += sz;
-}
-
-/** Compact the main page after deleting a node on a subpage.
- * @param[in] mp The main page to operate on.
- * @param[in] indx The index of the subpage on the main page.
- */
-static void
-mdb_node_shrink(MDB_page *mp, indx_t indx)
-{
-	MDB_node *node;
-	MDB_page *sp, *xp;
-	char *base;
-	indx_t delta, nsize, len, ptr;
-	int i;
-
-	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
-	sp = (MDB_page *)NODEDATA(node);
-	delta = SIZELEFT(sp);
-	nsize = NODEDSZ(node) - delta;
-
-	/* Prepare to shift upward, set len = length(subpage part to shift) */
-	if (IS_LEAF2(sp)) {
-		len = nsize;
-		if (nsize & 1)
-			return;		/* do not make the node uneven-sized */
-	} else {
-		xp = (MDB_page *)((char *)sp + delta); /* destination subpage */
-		for (i = NUMKEYS(sp); --i >= 0; )
-			xp->mp_ptrs[i] = sp->mp_ptrs[i] - delta;
-		len = PAGEHDRSZ;
-	}
-	sp->mp_upper = sp->mp_lower;
-	COPY_PGNO(sp->mp_pgno, mp->mp_pgno);
-	SETDSZ(node, nsize);
-
-	/* Shift <lower nodes...initial part of subpage> upward */
-	base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
-	memmove(base + delta, base, (char *)sp + len - base);
-
-	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
-	for (i = NUMKEYS(mp); --i >= 0; ) {
-		if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] <= ptr)
-			mp->mp_ptrs[i] += delta;
-	}
-	mp->mp_upper += delta;
-}
-
-/** Initial setup of a sorted-dups cursor.
- * Sorted duplicates are implemented as a sub-database for the given key.
- * The duplicate data items are actually keys of the sub-database.
- * Operations on the duplicate data items are performed using a sub-cursor
- * initialized when the sub-database is first accessed. This function does
- * the preliminary setup of the sub-cursor, filling in the fields that
- * depend only on the parent DB.
- * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be initialized.
- */
-static void
-mdb_xcursor_init0(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
-
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_xcursor = NULL;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_txn = mc->mc_txn;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_db = &mx->mx_db;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbx = &mx->mx_dbx;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbflag = &mx->mx_dbflag;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 0;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_SUB;
-	mx->mx_dbx.md_name.mv_size = 0;
-	mx->mx_dbx.md_name.mv_data = NULL;
-	mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = mc->mc_dbx->md_dcmp;
-	mx->mx_dbx.md_dcmp = NULL;
-	mx->mx_dbx.md_rel = mc->mc_dbx->md_rel;
-}
-
-/** Final setup of a sorted-dups cursor.
- *	Sets up the fields that depend on the data from the main cursor.
- * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be initialized.
- * @param[in] node The data containing the #MDB_db record for the
- * sorted-dup database.
- */
-static void
-mdb_xcursor_init1(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_node *node)
-{
-	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
-
-	if (node->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-		memcpy(&mx->mx_db, NODEDATA(node), sizeof(MDB_db));
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = 0;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 0;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_SUB;
-	} else {
-		MDB_page *fp = NODEDATA(node);
-		mx->mx_db.md_pad = 0;
-		mx->mx_db.md_flags = 0;
-		mx->mx_db.md_depth = 1;
-		mx->mx_db.md_branch_pages = 0;
-		mx->mx_db.md_leaf_pages = 1;
-		mx->mx_db.md_overflow_pages = 0;
-		mx->mx_db.md_entries = NUMKEYS(fp);
-		COPY_PGNO(mx->mx_db.md_root, fp->mp_pgno);
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 1;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags = C_INITIALIZED|C_SUB;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = fp;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_ki[0] = 0;
-		if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPFIXED) {
-			mx->mx_db.md_flags = MDB_DUPFIXED;
-			mx->mx_db.md_pad = fp->mp_pad;
-			if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
-				mx->mx_db.md_flags |= MDB_INTEGERKEY;
-		}
-	}
-	DPRINTF(("Sub-db -%u root page %"Z"u", mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi,
-		mx->mx_db.md_root));
-	mx->mx_dbflag = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_DUPDATA;
-#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-	if (mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp == mdb_cmp_int && mx->mx_db.md_pad == sizeof(size_t))
-		mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = mdb_cmp_clong;
-#endif
-}
-
-
-/** Fixup a sorted-dups cursor due to underlying update.
- *	Sets up some fields that depend on the data from the main cursor.
- *	Almost the same as init1, but skips initialization steps if the
- *	xcursor had already been used.
- * @param[in] mc The main cursor whose sorted-dups cursor is to be fixed up.
- * @param[in] src_mx The xcursor of an up-to-date cursor.
- * @param[in] new_dupdata True if converting from a non-#F_DUPDATA item.
- */
-static void
-mdb_xcursor_init2(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_xcursor *src_mx, int new_dupdata)
-{
-	MDB_xcursor *mx = mc->mc_xcursor;
-
-	if (new_dupdata) {
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_snum = 1;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_top = 0;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_INITIALIZED;
-		mx->mx_cursor.mc_ki[0] = 0;
-		mx->mx_dbflag = DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID|DB_DUPDATA;
-#if UINT_MAX < SIZE_MAX
-		mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp = src_mx->mx_dbx.md_cmp;
-#endif
-	} else if (!(mx->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED)) {
-		return;
-	}
-	mx->mx_db = src_mx->mx_db;
-	mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = src_mx->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0];
-	DPRINTF(("Sub-db -%u root page %"Z"u", mx->mx_cursor.mc_dbi,
-		mx->mx_db.md_root));
-}
-
-/** Initialize a cursor for a given transaction and database. */
-static void
-mdb_cursor_init(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_xcursor *mx)
-{
-	mc->mc_next = NULL;
-	mc->mc_backup = NULL;
-	mc->mc_dbi = dbi;
-	mc->mc_txn = txn;
-	mc->mc_db = &txn->mt_dbs[dbi];
-	mc->mc_dbx = &txn->mt_dbxs[dbi];
-	mc->mc_dbflag = &txn->mt_dbflags[dbi];
-	mc->mc_snum = 0;
-	mc->mc_top = 0;
-	mc->mc_pg[0] = 0;
-	mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
-	mc->mc_flags = 0;
-	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
-		mdb_tassert(txn, mx != NULL);
-		mc->mc_xcursor = mx;
-		mdb_xcursor_init0(mc);
-	} else {
-		mc->mc_xcursor = NULL;
-	}
-	if (*mc->mc_dbflag & DB_STALE) {
-		mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_ROOTONLY);
-	}
-}
-
-int
-mdb_cursor_open(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cursor **ret)
-{
-	MDB_cursor	*mc;
-	size_t size = sizeof(MDB_cursor);
-
-	if (!ret || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_VALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	if (dbi == FREE_DBI && !F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT)
-		size += sizeof(MDB_xcursor);
-
-	if ((mc = malloc(size)) != NULL) {
-		mdb_cursor_init(mc, txn, dbi, (MDB_xcursor *)(mc + 1));
-		if (txn->mt_cursors) {
-			mc->mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
-			txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc;
-			mc->mc_flags |= C_UNTRACK;
-		}
-	} else {
-		return ENOMEM;
-	}
-
-	*ret = mc;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_cursor_renew(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	if (!mc || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, mc->mc_dbi, DB_VALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if ((mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK) || txn->mt_cursors)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	mdb_cursor_init(mc, txn, mc->mc_dbi, mc->mc_xcursor);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Return the count of duplicate data items for the current key */
-int
-mdb_cursor_count(MDB_cursor *mc, size_t *countp)
-{
-	MDB_node	*leaf;
-
-	if (mc == NULL || countp == NULL)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (mc->mc_xcursor == NULL)
-		return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-
-	if (mc->mc_txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	if (!(mc->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (!mc->mc_snum)
-		return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-
-	if (mc->mc_flags & C_EOF) {
-		if (mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]))
-			return MDB_NOTFOUND;
-		mc->mc_flags ^= C_EOF;
-	}
-
-	leaf = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-	if (!F_ISSET(leaf->mn_flags, F_DUPDATA)) {
-		*countp = 1;
-	} else {
-		if (!(mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-			return EINVAL;
-
-		*countp = mc->mc_xcursor->mx_db.md_entries;
-	}
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void
-mdb_cursor_close(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	if (mc && !mc->mc_backup) {
-		/* remove from txn, if tracked */
-		if ((mc->mc_flags & C_UNTRACK) && mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors) {
-			MDB_cursor **prev = &mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[mc->mc_dbi];
-			while (*prev && *prev != mc) prev = &(*prev)->mc_next;
-			if (*prev == mc)
-				*prev = mc->mc_next;
-		}
-		free(mc);
-	}
-}
-
-MDB_txn *
-mdb_cursor_txn(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	if (!mc) return NULL;
-	return mc->mc_txn;
-}
-
-MDB_dbi
-mdb_cursor_dbi(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	return mc->mc_dbi;
-}
-
-/** Replace the key for a branch node with a new key.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the node to operate on.
- * @param[in] key The new key to use.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_update_key(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *key)
-{
-	MDB_page		*mp;
-	MDB_node		*node;
-	char			*base;
-	size_t			 len;
-	int				 delta, ksize, oksize;
-	indx_t			 ptr, i, numkeys, indx;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	indx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
-	ptr = mp->mp_ptrs[indx];
-#if MDB_DEBUG
-	{
-		MDB_val	k2;
-		char kbuf2[DKBUF_MAXKEYSIZE*2+1];
-		k2.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
-		k2.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
-		DPRINTF(("update key %u (ofs %u) [%s] to [%s] on page %"Z"u",
-			indx, ptr,
-			mdb_dkey(&k2, kbuf2),
-			DKEY(key),
-			mp->mp_pgno));
-	}
-#endif
-
-	/* Sizes must be 2-byte aligned. */
-	ksize = EVEN(key->mv_size);
-	oksize = EVEN(node->mn_ksize);
-	delta = ksize - oksize;
-
-	/* Shift node contents if EVEN(key length) changed. */
-	if (delta) {
-		if (delta > 0 && SIZELEFT(mp) < delta) {
-			pgno_t pgno;
-			/* not enough space left, do a delete and split */
-			DPRINTF(("Not enough room, delta = %d, splitting...", delta));
-			pgno = NODEPGNO(node);
-			mdb_node_del(mc, 0);
-			return mdb_page_split(mc, key, NULL, pgno, MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE);
-		}
-
-		numkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-		for (i = 0; i < numkeys; i++) {
-			if (mp->mp_ptrs[i] <= ptr)
-				mp->mp_ptrs[i] -= delta;
-		}
-
-		base = (char *)mp + mp->mp_upper + PAGEBASE;
-		len = ptr - mp->mp_upper + NODESIZE;
-		memmove(base - delta, base, len);
-		mp->mp_upper -= delta;
-
-		node = NODEPTR(mp, indx);
-	}
-
-	/* But even if no shift was needed, update ksize */
-	if (node->mn_ksize != key->mv_size)
-		node->mn_ksize = key->mv_size;
-
-	if (key->mv_size)
-		memcpy(NODEKEY(node), key->mv_data, key->mv_size);
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static void
-mdb_cursor_copy(const MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst);
-
-/** Perform \b act while tracking temporary cursor \b mn */
-#define WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn, act) do { \
-	MDB_cursor dummy, *tracked, **tp = &(mn).mc_txn->mt_cursors[mn.mc_dbi]; \
-	if ((mn).mc_flags & C_SUB) { \
-		dummy.mc_flags =  C_INITIALIZED; \
-		dummy.mc_xcursor = (MDB_xcursor *)&(mn);	\
-		tracked = &dummy; \
-	} else { \
-		tracked = &(mn); \
-	} \
-	tracked->mc_next = *tp; \
-	*tp = tracked; \
-	{ act; } \
-	*tp = tracked->mc_next; \
-} while (0)
-
-/** Move a node from csrc to cdst.
- */
-static int
-mdb_node_move(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst, int fromleft)
-{
-	MDB_node		*srcnode;
-	MDB_val		 key, data;
-	pgno_t	srcpg;
-	MDB_cursor mn;
-	int			 rc;
-	unsigned short flags;
-
-	DKBUF;
-
-	/* Mark src and dst as dirty. */
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(csrc)) ||
-	    (rc = mdb_page_touch(cdst)))
-		return rc;
-
-	if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
-		key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top], key.mv_size);
-		data.mv_size = 0;
-		data.mv_data = NULL;
-		srcpg = 0;
-		flags = 0;
-	} else {
-		srcnode = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]);
-		mdb_cassert(csrc, !((size_t)srcnode & 1));
-		srcpg = NODEPGNO(srcnode);
-		flags = srcnode->mn_flags;
-		if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0 && IS_BRANCH(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
-			unsigned int snum = csrc->mc_snum;
-			MDB_node *s2;
-			/* must find the lowest key below src */
-			rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(csrc);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
-				key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
-				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
-			} else {
-				s2 = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0);
-				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
-				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
-			}
-			csrc->mc_snum = snum--;
-			csrc->mc_top = snum;
-		} else {
-			key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
-			key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
-		}
-		data.mv_size = NODEDSZ(srcnode);
-		data.mv_data = NODEDATA(srcnode);
-	}
-	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
-	if (IS_BRANCH(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]) && cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] == 0) {
-		unsigned int snum = cdst->mc_snum;
-		MDB_node *s2;
-		MDB_val bkey;
-		/* must find the lowest key below dst */
-		mdb_cursor_copy(cdst, &mn);
-		rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(&mn);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		if (IS_LEAF2(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top])) {
-			bkey.mv_size = mn.mc_db->md_pad;
-			bkey.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0, bkey.mv_size);
-		} else {
-			s2 = NODEPTR(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0);
-			bkey.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
-			bkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
-		}
-		mn.mc_snum = snum--;
-		mn.mc_top = snum;
-		mn.mc_ki[snum] = 0;
-		rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &bkey);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("moving %s node %u [%s] on page %"Z"u to node %u on page %"Z"u",
-	    IS_LEAF(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]) ? "leaf" : "branch",
-	    csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top],
-		DKEY(&key),
-	    csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]->mp_pgno,
-	    cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top], cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]->mp_pgno));
-
-	/* Add the node to the destination page.
-	 */
-	rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top], &key, &data, srcpg, flags);
-	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-		return rc;
-
-	/* Delete the node from the source page.
-	 */
-	mdb_node_del(csrc, key.mv_size);
-
-	{
-		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-		MDB_dbi dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
-		MDB_page *mpd, *mps;
-
-		mps = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
-		/* If we're adding on the left, bump others up */
-		if (fromleft) {
-			mpd = cdst->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
-			for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-				if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-				else
-					m3 = m2;
-				if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || m3->mc_top < csrc->mc_top)
-					continue;
-				if (m3 != cdst &&
-					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mpd &&
-					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] >= cdst->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
-					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]++;
-				}
-				if (m3 !=csrc &&
-					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mps &&
-					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
-					m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
-					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
-					m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1]++;
-				}
-				if (IS_LEAF(mps))
-					XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, csrc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]);
-			}
-		} else
-		/* Adding on the right, bump others down */
-		{
-			for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-				if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-					m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-				else
-					m3 = m2;
-				if (m3 == csrc) continue;
-				if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || m3->mc_top < csrc->mc_top)
-					continue;
-				if (m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] == mps) {
-					if (!m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]) {
-						m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
-						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
-						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1]--;
-					} else {
-						m3->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top]--;
-					}
-					if (IS_LEAF(mps))
-						XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, csrc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Update the parent separators.
-	 */
-	if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0) {
-		if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top-1] != 0) {
-			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
-				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
-			} else {
-				srcnode = NODEPTR(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top], 0);
-				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
-				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
-			}
-			DPRINTF(("update separator for source page %"Z"u to [%s]",
-				csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DKEY(&key)));
-			mdb_cursor_copy(csrc, &mn);
-			mn.mc_snum--;
-			mn.mc_top--;
-			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
-			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
-				rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &key));
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-		}
-		if (IS_BRANCH(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
-			MDB_val	 nullkey;
-			indx_t	ix = csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top];
-			nullkey.mv_size = 0;
-			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = 0;
-			rc = mdb_update_key(csrc, &nullkey);
-			csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] = ix;
-			mdb_cassert(csrc, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] == 0) {
-		if (cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top-1] != 0) {
-			if (IS_LEAF2(csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top])) {
-				key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
-			} else {
-				srcnode = NODEPTR(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top], 0);
-				key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(srcnode);
-				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
-			}
-			DPRINTF(("update separator for destination page %"Z"u to [%s]",
-				cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top]->mp_pgno, DKEY(&key)));
-			mdb_cursor_copy(cdst, &mn);
-			mn.mc_snum--;
-			mn.mc_top--;
-			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
-			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
-				rc = mdb_update_key(&mn, &key));
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-		}
-		if (IS_BRANCH(cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top])) {
-			MDB_val	 nullkey;
-			indx_t	ix = cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top];
-			nullkey.mv_size = 0;
-			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = 0;
-			rc = mdb_update_key(cdst, &nullkey);
-			cdst->mc_ki[cdst->mc_top] = ix;
-			mdb_cassert(cdst, rc == MDB_SUCCESS);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Merge one page into another.
- *  The nodes from the page pointed to by \b csrc will
- *	be copied to the page pointed to by \b cdst and then
- *	the \b csrc page will be freed.
- * @param[in] csrc Cursor pointing to the source page.
- * @param[in] cdst Cursor pointing to the destination page.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_merge(MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
-{
-	MDB_page	*psrc, *pdst;
-	MDB_node	*srcnode;
-	MDB_val		 key, data;
-	unsigned	 nkeys;
-	int			 rc;
-	indx_t		 i, j;
-
-	psrc = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
-	pdst = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
-
-	DPRINTF(("merging page %"Z"u into %"Z"u", psrc->mp_pgno, pdst->mp_pgno));
-
-	mdb_cassert(csrc, csrc->mc_snum > 1);	/* can't merge root page */
-	mdb_cassert(csrc, cdst->mc_snum > 1);
-
-	/* Mark dst as dirty. */
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_touch(cdst)))
-		return rc;
-
-	/* get dst page again now that we've touched it. */
-	pdst = cdst->mc_pg[cdst->mc_top];
-
-	/* Move all nodes from src to dst.
-	 */
-	j = nkeys = NUMKEYS(pdst);
-	if (IS_LEAF2(psrc)) {
-		key.mv_size = csrc->mc_db->md_pad;
-		key.mv_data = METADATA(psrc);
-		for (i = 0; i < NUMKEYS(psrc); i++, j++) {
-			rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, j, &key, NULL, 0, 0);
-			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-			key.mv_data = (char *)key.mv_data + key.mv_size;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < NUMKEYS(psrc); i++, j++) {
-			srcnode = NODEPTR(psrc, i);
-			if (i == 0 && IS_BRANCH(psrc)) {
-				MDB_cursor mn;
-				MDB_node *s2;
-				mdb_cursor_copy(csrc, &mn);
-				mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
-				/* must find the lowest key below src */
-				rc = mdb_page_search_lowest(&mn);
-				if (rc)
-					return rc;
-				if (IS_LEAF2(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top])) {
-					key.mv_size = mn.mc_db->md_pad;
-					key.mv_data = LEAF2KEY(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0, key.mv_size);
-				} else {
-					s2 = NODEPTR(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], 0);
-					key.mv_size = NODEKSZ(s2);
-					key.mv_data = NODEKEY(s2);
-				}
-			} else {
-				key.mv_size = srcnode->mn_ksize;
-				key.mv_data = NODEKEY(srcnode);
-			}
-
-			data.mv_size = NODEDSZ(srcnode);
-			data.mv_data = NODEDATA(srcnode);
-			rc = mdb_node_add(cdst, j, &key, &data, NODEPGNO(srcnode), srcnode->mn_flags);
-			if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS)
-				return rc;
-		}
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("dst page %"Z"u now has %u keys (%.1f%% filled)",
-	    pdst->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(pdst),
-		(float)PAGEFILL(cdst->mc_txn->mt_env, pdst) / 10));
-
-	/* Unlink the src page from parent and add to free list.
-	 */
-	csrc->mc_top--;
-	mdb_node_del(csrc, 0);
-	if (csrc->mc_ki[csrc->mc_top] == 0) {
-		key.mv_size = 0;
-		rc = mdb_update_key(csrc, &key);
-		if (rc) {
-			csrc->mc_top++;
-			return rc;
-		}
-	}
-	csrc->mc_top++;
-
-	psrc = csrc->mc_pg[csrc->mc_top];
-	/* If not operating on FreeDB, allow this page to be reused
-	 * in this txn. Otherwise just add to free list.
-	 */
-	rc = mdb_page_loose(csrc, psrc);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-	if (IS_LEAF(psrc))
-		csrc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages--;
-	else
-		csrc->mc_db->md_branch_pages--;
-	{
-		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-		MDB_dbi dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
-		unsigned int top = csrc->mc_top;
-
-		for (m2 = csrc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-			if (csrc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-				m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-			else
-				m3 = m2;
-			if (m3 == csrc) continue;
-			if (m3->mc_snum < csrc->mc_snum) continue;
-			if (m3->mc_pg[top] == psrc) {
-				m3->mc_pg[top] = pdst;
-				m3->mc_ki[top] += nkeys;
-				m3->mc_ki[top-1] = cdst->mc_ki[top-1];
-			} else if (m3->mc_pg[top-1] == csrc->mc_pg[top-1] &&
-				m3->mc_ki[top-1] > csrc->mc_ki[top-1]) {
-				m3->mc_ki[top-1]--;
-			}
-			if (IS_LEAF(psrc))
-				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, top, m3->mc_pg[top]);
-		}
-	}
-	{
-		unsigned int snum = cdst->mc_snum;
-		uint16_t depth = cdst->mc_db->md_depth;
-		mdb_cursor_pop(cdst);
-		rc = mdb_rebalance(cdst);
-		/* Did the tree height change? */
-		if (depth != cdst->mc_db->md_depth)
-			snum += cdst->mc_db->md_depth - depth;
-		cdst->mc_snum = snum;
-		cdst->mc_top = snum-1;
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Copy the contents of a cursor.
- * @param[in] csrc The cursor to copy from.
- * @param[out] cdst The cursor to copy to.
- */
-static void
-mdb_cursor_copy(const MDB_cursor *csrc, MDB_cursor *cdst)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	cdst->mc_txn = csrc->mc_txn;
-	cdst->mc_dbi = csrc->mc_dbi;
-	cdst->mc_db  = csrc->mc_db;
-	cdst->mc_dbx = csrc->mc_dbx;
-	cdst->mc_snum = csrc->mc_snum;
-	cdst->mc_top = csrc->mc_top;
-	cdst->mc_flags = csrc->mc_flags;
-
-	for (i=0; i<csrc->mc_snum; i++) {
-		cdst->mc_pg[i] = csrc->mc_pg[i];
-		cdst->mc_ki[i] = csrc->mc_ki[i];
-	}
-}
-
-/** Rebalance the tree after a delete operation.
- * @param[in] mc Cursor pointing to the page where rebalancing
- * should begin.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_rebalance(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	MDB_node	*node;
-	int rc, fromleft;
-	unsigned int ptop, minkeys, thresh;
-	MDB_cursor	mn;
-	indx_t oldki;
-
-	if (IS_BRANCH(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])) {
-		minkeys = 2;
-		thresh = 1;
-	} else {
-		minkeys = 1;
-		thresh = FILL_THRESHOLD;
-	}
-	DPRINTF(("rebalancing %s page %"Z"u (has %u keys, %.1f%% full)",
-	    IS_LEAF(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) ? "leaf" : "branch",
-	    mdb_dbg_pgno(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]), NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]),
-		(float)PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) / 10));
-
-	if (PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) >= thresh &&
-		NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]) >= minkeys) {
-		DPRINTF(("no need to rebalance page %"Z"u, above fill threshold",
-		    mdb_dbg_pgno(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top])));
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (mc->mc_snum < 2) {
-		MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[0];
-		if (IS_SUBP(mp)) {
-			DPUTS("Can't rebalance a subpage, ignoring");
-			return MDB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-		if (NUMKEYS(mp) == 0) {
-			DPUTS("tree is completely empty");
-			mc->mc_db->md_root = P_INVALID;
-			mc->mc_db->md_depth = 0;
-			mc->mc_db->md_leaf_pages = 0;
-			rc = mdb_midl_append(&mc->mc_txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-			/* Adjust cursors pointing to mp */
-			mc->mc_snum = 0;
-			mc->mc_top = 0;
-			mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-			{
-				MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-				MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
-
-				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-					if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-						m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-					else
-						m3 = m2;
-					if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) || (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum))
-						continue;
-					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
-						m3->mc_snum = 0;
-						m3->mc_top = 0;
-						m3->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else if (IS_BRANCH(mp) && NUMKEYS(mp) == 1) {
-			int i;
-			DPUTS("collapsing root page!");
-			rc = mdb_midl_append(&mc->mc_txn->mt_free_pgs, mp->mp_pgno);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-			mc->mc_db->md_root = NODEPGNO(NODEPTR(mp, 0));
-			rc = mdb_page_get(mc, mc->mc_db->md_root, &mc->mc_pg[0], NULL);
-			if (rc)
-				return rc;
-			mc->mc_db->md_depth--;
-			mc->mc_db->md_branch_pages--;
-			mc->mc_ki[0] = mc->mc_ki[1];
-			for (i = 1; i<mc->mc_db->md_depth; i++) {
-				mc->mc_pg[i] = mc->mc_pg[i+1];
-				mc->mc_ki[i] = mc->mc_ki[i+1];
-			}
-			{
-				/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-				MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-				MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
-
-				for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-					if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-						m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-					else
-						m3 = m2;
-					if (m3 == mc) continue;
-					if (!(m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-						continue;
-					if (m3->mc_pg[0] == mp) {
-						for (i=0; i<mc->mc_db->md_depth; i++) {
-							m3->mc_pg[i] = m3->mc_pg[i+1];
-							m3->mc_ki[i] = m3->mc_ki[i+1];
-						}
-						m3->mc_snum--;
-						m3->mc_top--;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else
-			DPUTS("root page doesn't need rebalancing");
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	/* The parent (branch page) must have at least 2 pointers,
-	 * otherwise the tree is invalid.
-	 */
-	ptop = mc->mc_top-1;
-	mdb_cassert(mc, NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop]) > 1);
-
-	/* Leaf page fill factor is below the threshold.
-	 * Try to move keys from left or right neighbor, or
-	 * merge with a neighbor page.
-	 */
-
-	/* Find neighbors.
-	 */
-	mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mn);
-	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
-
-	oldki = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
-	if (mc->mc_ki[ptop] == 0) {
-		/* We're the leftmost leaf in our parent.
-		 */
-		DPUTS("reading right neighbor");
-		mn.mc_ki[ptop]++;
-		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[ptop], mn.mc_ki[ptop]);
-		rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], NULL);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = 0;
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
-		fromleft = 0;
-	} else {
-		/* There is at least one neighbor to the left.
-		 */
-		DPUTS("reading left neighbor");
-		mn.mc_ki[ptop]--;
-		node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[ptop], mn.mc_ki[ptop]);
-		rc = mdb_page_get(mc, NODEPGNO(node), &mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top], NULL);
-		if (rc)
-			return rc;
-		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) - 1;
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-		fromleft = 1;
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("found neighbor page %"Z"u (%u keys, %.1f%% full)",
-	    mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]->mp_pgno, NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]),
-		(float)PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) / 10));
-
-	/* If the neighbor page is above threshold and has enough keys,
-	 * move one key from it. Otherwise we should try to merge them.
-	 * (A branch page must never have less than 2 keys.)
-	 */
-	if (PAGEFILL(mc->mc_txn->mt_env, mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) >= thresh && NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]) > minkeys) {
-		rc = mdb_node_move(&mn, mc, fromleft);
-		if (fromleft) {
-			/* if we inserted on left, bump position up */
-			oldki++;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (!fromleft) {
-			rc = mdb_page_merge(&mn, mc);
-		} else {
-			oldki += NUMKEYS(mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top]);
-			mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] += mc->mc_ki[mn.mc_top] + 1;
-			/* We want mdb_rebalance to find mn when doing fixups */
-			WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
-				rc = mdb_page_merge(mc, &mn));
-			mdb_cursor_copy(&mn, mc);
-		}
-		mc->mc_flags &= ~C_EOF;
-	}
-	mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = oldki;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Complete a delete operation started by #mdb_cursor_del(). */
-static int
-mdb_cursor_del0(MDB_cursor *mc)
-{
-	int rc;
-	MDB_page *mp;
-	indx_t ki;
-	unsigned int nkeys;
-	MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-	MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
-
-	ki = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	mdb_node_del(mc, mc->mc_db->md_pad);
-	mc->mc_db->md_entries--;
-	{
-		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-			m3 = (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor : m2;
-			if (! (m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-				continue;
-			if (m3 == mc || m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum)
-				continue;
-			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
-				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] == ki) {
-					m3->mc_flags |= C_DEL;
-					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
-						/* Sub-cursor referred into dataset which is gone */
-						m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-					}
-					continue;
-				} else if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] > ki) {
-					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]--;
-				}
-				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, mc->mc_top, mp);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	rc = mdb_rebalance(mc);
-
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		/* DB is totally empty now, just bail out.
-		 * Other cursors adjustments were already done
-		 * by mdb_rebalance and aren't needed here.
-		 */
-		if (!mc->mc_snum)
-			return rc;
-
-		mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-		nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-
-		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; !rc && m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-			m3 = (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ? &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor : m2;
-			if (! (m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-				continue;
-			if (m3->mc_snum < mc->mc_snum)
-				continue;
-			if (m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
-				/* if m3 points past last node in page, find next sibling */
-				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) {
-					if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
-						rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(m3, 1);
-						if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
-							m3->mc_flags |= C_EOF;
-							rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-							continue;
-						}
-					}
-					if (mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT) {
-						MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(m3->mc_pg[m3->mc_top], m3->mc_ki[m3->mc_top]);
-						/* If this node has dupdata, it may need to be reinited
-						 * because its data has moved.
-						 * If the xcursor was not initd it must be reinited.
-						 * Else if node points to a subDB, nothing is needed.
-						 * Else (xcursor was initd, not a subDB) needs mc_pg[0] reset.
-						 */
-						if (node->mn_flags & F_DUPDATA) {
-							if (m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED) {
-								if (!(node->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA))
-									m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_pg[0] = NODEDATA(node);
-							} else {
-								mdb_xcursor_init1(m3, node);
-								m3->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor.mc_flags |= C_DEL;
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		mc->mc_flags |= C_DEL;
-	}
-
-	if (rc)
-		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_del(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
-    MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data)
-{
-	if (!key || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
-		return (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	if (!F_ISSET(txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags, MDB_DUPSORT)) {
-		/* must ignore any data */
-		data = NULL;
-	}
-
-	return mdb_del0(txn, dbi, key, data, 0);
-}
-
-static int
-mdb_del0(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
-	MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned flags)
-{
-	MDB_cursor mc;
-	MDB_xcursor mx;
-	MDB_cursor_op op;
-	MDB_val rdata, *xdata;
-	int		 rc, exact = 0;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	DPRINTF(("====> delete db %u key [%s]", dbi, DKEY(key)));
-
-	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
-
-	if (data) {
-		op = MDB_GET_BOTH;
-		rdata = *data;
-		xdata = &rdata;
-	} else {
-		op = MDB_SET;
-		xdata = NULL;
-		flags |= MDB_NODUPDATA;
-	}
-	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, key, xdata, op, &exact);
-	if (rc == 0) {
-		/* let mdb_page_split know about this cursor if needed:
-		 * delete will trigger a rebalance; if it needs to move
-		 * a node from one page to another, it will have to
-		 * update the parent's separator key(s). If the new sepkey
-		 * is larger than the current one, the parent page may
-		 * run out of space, triggering a split. We need this
-		 * cursor to be consistent until the end of the rebalance.
-		 */
-		mc.mc_flags |= C_UNTRACK;
-		mc.mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
-		txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = &mc;
-		rc = mdb_cursor_del(&mc, flags);
-		txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc.mc_next;
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Split a page and insert a new node.
- * Set #MDB_TXN_ERROR on failure.
- * @param[in,out] mc Cursor pointing to the page and desired insertion index.
- * The cursor will be updated to point to the actual page and index where
- * the node got inserted after the split.
- * @param[in] newkey The key for the newly inserted node.
- * @param[in] newdata The data for the newly inserted node.
- * @param[in] newpgno The page number, if the new node is a branch node.
- * @param[in] nflags The #NODE_ADD_FLAGS for the new node.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_page_split(MDB_cursor *mc, MDB_val *newkey, MDB_val *newdata, pgno_t newpgno,
-	unsigned int nflags)
-{
-	unsigned int flags;
-	int		 rc = MDB_SUCCESS, new_root = 0, did_split = 0;
-	indx_t		 newindx;
-	pgno_t		 pgno = 0;
-	int	 i, j, split_indx, nkeys, pmax;
-	MDB_env 	*env = mc->mc_txn->mt_env;
-	MDB_node	*node;
-	MDB_val	 sepkey, rkey, xdata, *rdata = &xdata;
-	MDB_page	*copy = NULL;
-	MDB_page	*mp, *rp, *pp;
-	int ptop;
-	MDB_cursor	mn;
-	DKBUF;
-
-	mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-	newindx = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top];
-	nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-
-	DPRINTF(("-----> splitting %s page %"Z"u and adding [%s] at index %i/%i",
-	    IS_LEAF(mp) ? "leaf" : "branch", mp->mp_pgno,
-	    DKEY(newkey), mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], nkeys));
-
-	/* Create a right sibling. */
-	if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, mp->mp_flags, 1, &rp)))
-		return rc;
-	rp->mp_pad = mp->mp_pad;
-	DPRINTF(("new right sibling: page %"Z"u", rp->mp_pgno));
-
-	/* Usually when splitting the root page, the cursor
-	 * height is 1. But when called from mdb_update_key,
-	 * the cursor height may be greater because it walks
-	 * up the stack while finding the branch slot to update.
-	 */
-	if (mc->mc_top < 1) {
-		if ((rc = mdb_page_new(mc, P_BRANCH, 1, &pp)))
-			goto done;
-		/* shift current top to make room for new parent */
-		for (i=mc->mc_snum; i>0; i--) {
-			mc->mc_pg[i] = mc->mc_pg[i-1];
-			mc->mc_ki[i] = mc->mc_ki[i-1];
-		}
-		mc->mc_pg[0] = pp;
-		mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
-		mc->mc_db->md_root = pp->mp_pgno;
-		DPRINTF(("root split! new root = %"Z"u", pp->mp_pgno));
-		new_root = mc->mc_db->md_depth++;
-
-		/* Add left (implicit) pointer. */
-		if ((rc = mdb_node_add(mc, 0, NULL, NULL, mp->mp_pgno, 0)) != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-			/* undo the pre-push */
-			mc->mc_pg[0] = mc->mc_pg[1];
-			mc->mc_ki[0] = mc->mc_ki[1];
-			mc->mc_db->md_root = mp->mp_pgno;
-			mc->mc_db->md_depth--;
-			goto done;
-		}
-		mc->mc_snum++;
-		mc->mc_top++;
-		ptop = 0;
-	} else {
-		ptop = mc->mc_top-1;
-		DPRINTF(("parent branch page is %"Z"u", mc->mc_pg[ptop]->mp_pgno));
-	}
-
-	mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mn);
-	mn.mc_xcursor = NULL;
-	mn.mc_pg[mn.mc_top] = rp;
-	mn.mc_ki[ptop] = mc->mc_ki[ptop]+1;
-
-	if (nflags & MDB_APPEND) {
-		mn.mc_ki[mn.mc_top] = 0;
-		sepkey = *newkey;
-		split_indx = newindx;
-		nkeys = 0;
-	} else {
-
-		split_indx = (nkeys+1) / 2;
-
-		if (IS_LEAF2(rp)) {
-			char *split, *ins;
-			int x;
-			unsigned int lsize, rsize, ksize;
-			/* Move half of the keys to the right sibling */
-			x = mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] - split_indx;
-			ksize = mc->mc_db->md_pad;
-			split = LEAF2KEY(mp, split_indx, ksize);
-			rsize = (nkeys - split_indx) * ksize;
-			lsize = (nkeys - split_indx) * sizeof(indx_t);
-			mp->mp_lower -= lsize;
-			rp->mp_lower += lsize;
-			mp->mp_upper += rsize - lsize;
-			rp->mp_upper -= rsize - lsize;
-			sepkey.mv_size = ksize;
-			if (newindx == split_indx) {
-				sepkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
-			} else {
-				sepkey.mv_data = split;
-			}
-			if (x<0) {
-				ins = LEAF2KEY(mp, mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top], ksize);
-				memcpy(rp->mp_ptrs, split, rsize);
-				sepkey.mv_data = rp->mp_ptrs;
-				memmove(ins+ksize, ins, (split_indx - mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]) * ksize);
-				memcpy(ins, newkey->mv_data, ksize);
-				mp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
-				mp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
-			} else {
-				if (x)
-					memcpy(rp->mp_ptrs, split, x * ksize);
-				ins = LEAF2KEY(rp, x, ksize);
-				memcpy(ins, newkey->mv_data, ksize);
-				memcpy(ins+ksize, split + x * ksize, rsize - x * ksize);
-				rp->mp_lower += sizeof(indx_t);
-				rp->mp_upper -= ksize - sizeof(indx_t);
-				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = x;
-			}
-		} else {
-			int psize, nsize, k;
-			/* Maximum free space in an empty page */
-			pmax = env->me_psize - PAGEHDRSZ;
-			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
-				nsize = mdb_leaf_size(env, newkey, newdata);
-			else
-				nsize = mdb_branch_size(env, newkey);
-			nsize = EVEN(nsize);
-
-			/* grab a page to hold a temporary copy */
-			copy = mdb_page_malloc(mc->mc_txn, 1);
-			if (copy == NULL) {
-				rc = ENOMEM;
-				goto done;
-			}
-			copy->mp_pgno  = mp->mp_pgno;
-			copy->mp_flags = mp->mp_flags;
-			copy->mp_lower = (PAGEHDRSZ-PAGEBASE);
-			copy->mp_upper = env->me_psize - PAGEBASE;
-
-			/* prepare to insert */
-			for (i=0, j=0; i<nkeys; i++) {
-				if (i == newindx) {
-					copy->mp_ptrs[j++] = 0;
-				}
-				copy->mp_ptrs[j++] = mp->mp_ptrs[i];
-			}
-
-			/* When items are relatively large the split point needs
-			 * to be checked, because being off-by-one will make the
-			 * difference between success or failure in mdb_node_add.
-			 *
-			 * It's also relevant if a page happens to be laid out
-			 * such that one half of its nodes are all "small" and
-			 * the other half of its nodes are "large." If the new
-			 * item is also "large" and falls on the half with
-			 * "large" nodes, it also may not fit.
-			 *
-			 * As a final tweak, if the new item goes on the last
-			 * spot on the page (and thus, onto the new page), bias
-			 * the split so the new page is emptier than the old page.
-			 * This yields better packing during sequential inserts.
-			 */
-			if (nkeys < 20 || nsize > pmax/16 || newindx >= nkeys) {
-				/* Find split point */
-				psize = 0;
-				if (newindx <= split_indx || newindx >= nkeys) {
-					i = 0; j = 1;
-					k = newindx >= nkeys ? nkeys : split_indx+1+IS_LEAF(mp);
-				} else {
-					i = nkeys; j = -1;
-					k = split_indx-1;
-				}
-				for (; i!=k; i+=j) {
-					if (i == newindx) {
-						psize += nsize;
-						node = NULL;
-					} else {
-						node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE);
-						psize += NODESIZE + NODEKSZ(node) + sizeof(indx_t);
-						if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-							if (F_ISSET(node->mn_flags, F_BIGDATA))
-								psize += sizeof(pgno_t);
-							else
-								psize += NODEDSZ(node);
-						}
-						psize = EVEN(psize);
-					}
-					if (psize > pmax || i == k-j) {
-						split_indx = i + (j<0);
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			if (split_indx == newindx) {
-				sepkey.mv_size = newkey->mv_size;
-				sepkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
-			} else {
-				node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[split_indx] + PAGEBASE);
-				sepkey.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
-				sepkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	DPRINTF(("separator is %d [%s]", split_indx, DKEY(&sepkey)));
-
-	/* Copy separator key to the parent.
-	 */
-	if (SIZELEFT(mn.mc_pg[ptop]) < mdb_branch_size(env, &sepkey)) {
-		int snum = mc->mc_snum;
-		mn.mc_snum--;
-		mn.mc_top--;
-		did_split = 1;
-		/* We want other splits to find mn when doing fixups */
-		WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mn,
-			rc = mdb_page_split(&mn, &sepkey, NULL, rp->mp_pgno, 0));
-		if (rc)
-			goto done;
-
-		/* root split? */
-		if (mc->mc_snum > snum) {
-			ptop++;
-		}
-		/* Right page might now have changed parent.
-		 * Check if left page also changed parent.
-		 */
-		if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
-		    mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
-			for (i=0; i<ptop; i++) {
-				mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
-				mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
-			}
-			mc->mc_pg[ptop] = mn.mc_pg[ptop];
-			if (mn.mc_ki[ptop]) {
-				mc->mc_ki[ptop] = mn.mc_ki[ptop] - 1;
-			} else {
-				/* find right page's left sibling */
-				mc->mc_ki[ptop] = mn.mc_ki[ptop];
-				mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 0);
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		mn.mc_top--;
-		rc = mdb_node_add(&mn, mn.mc_ki[ptop], &sepkey, NULL, rp->mp_pgno, 0);
-		mn.mc_top++;
-	}
-	if (rc != MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		goto done;
-	}
-	if (nflags & MDB_APPEND) {
-		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
-		mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = 0;
-		rc = mdb_node_add(mc, 0, newkey, newdata, newpgno, nflags);
-		if (rc)
-			goto done;
-		for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++)
-			mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
-	} else if (!IS_LEAF2(mp)) {
-		/* Move nodes */
-		mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
-		i = split_indx;
-		j = 0;
-		do {
-			if (i == newindx) {
-				rkey.mv_data = newkey->mv_data;
-				rkey.mv_size = newkey->mv_size;
-				if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-					rdata = newdata;
-				} else
-					pgno = newpgno;
-				flags = nflags;
-				/* Update index for the new key. */
-				mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = j;
-			} else {
-				node = (MDB_node *)((char *)mp + copy->mp_ptrs[i] + PAGEBASE);
-				rkey.mv_data = NODEKEY(node);
-				rkey.mv_size = node->mn_ksize;
-				if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-					xdata.mv_data = NODEDATA(node);
-					xdata.mv_size = NODEDSZ(node);
-					rdata = &xdata;
-				} else
-					pgno = NODEPGNO(node);
-				flags = node->mn_flags;
-			}
-
-			if (!IS_LEAF(mp) && j == 0) {
-				/* First branch index doesn't need key data. */
-				rkey.mv_size = 0;
-			}
-
-			rc = mdb_node_add(mc, j, &rkey, rdata, pgno, flags);
-			if (rc)
-				goto done;
-			if (i == nkeys) {
-				i = 0;
-				j = 0;
-				mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = copy;
-			} else {
-				i++;
-				j++;
-			}
-		} while (i != split_indx);
-
-		nkeys = NUMKEYS(copy);
-		for (i=0; i<nkeys; i++)
-			mp->mp_ptrs[i] = copy->mp_ptrs[i];
-		mp->mp_lower = copy->mp_lower;
-		mp->mp_upper = copy->mp_upper;
-		memcpy(NODEPTR(mp, nkeys-1), NODEPTR(copy, nkeys-1),
-			env->me_psize - copy->mp_upper - PAGEBASE);
-
-		/* reset back to original page */
-		if (newindx < split_indx) {
-			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = mp;
-		} else {
-			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
-			mc->mc_ki[ptop]++;
-			/* Make sure mc_ki is still valid.
-			 */
-			if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
-				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
-				for (i=0; i<=ptop; i++) {
-					mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
-					mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if (nflags & MDB_RESERVE) {
-			node = NODEPTR(mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top], mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]);
-			if (!(node->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA))
-				newdata->mv_data = NODEDATA(node);
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (newindx >= split_indx) {
-			mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
-			mc->mc_ki[ptop]++;
-			/* Make sure mc_ki is still valid.
-			 */
-			if (mn.mc_pg[ptop] != mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
-				mc->mc_ki[ptop] >= NUMKEYS(mc->mc_pg[ptop])) {
-				for (i=0; i<=ptop; i++) {
-					mc->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
-					mc->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	{
-		/* Adjust other cursors pointing to mp */
-		MDB_cursor *m2, *m3;
-		MDB_dbi dbi = mc->mc_dbi;
-		nkeys = NUMKEYS(mp);
-
-		for (m2 = mc->mc_txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2=m2->mc_next) {
-			if (mc->mc_flags & C_SUB)
-				m3 = &m2->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor;
-			else
-				m3 = m2;
-			if (m3 == mc)
-				continue;
-			if (!(m2->mc_flags & m3->mc_flags & C_INITIALIZED))
-				continue;
-			if (new_root) {
-				int k;
-				/* sub cursors may be on different DB */
-				if (m3->mc_pg[0] != mp)
-					continue;
-				/* root split */
-				for (k=new_root; k>=0; k--) {
-					m3->mc_ki[k+1] = m3->mc_ki[k];
-					m3->mc_pg[k+1] = m3->mc_pg[k];
-				}
-				if (m3->mc_ki[0] >= nkeys) {
-					m3->mc_ki[0] = 1;
-				} else {
-					m3->mc_ki[0] = 0;
-				}
-				m3->mc_pg[0] = mc->mc_pg[0];
-				m3->mc_snum++;
-				m3->mc_top++;
-			}
-			if (m3->mc_top >= mc->mc_top && m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] == mp) {
-				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= newindx && !(nflags & MDB_SPLIT_REPLACE))
-					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top]++;
-				if (m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] >= nkeys) {
-					m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top] = rp;
-					m3->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] -= nkeys;
-					for (i=0; i<mc->mc_top; i++) {
-						m3->mc_ki[i] = mn.mc_ki[i];
-						m3->mc_pg[i] = mn.mc_pg[i];
-					}
-				}
-			} else if (!did_split && m3->mc_top >= ptop && m3->mc_pg[ptop] == mc->mc_pg[ptop] &&
-				m3->mc_ki[ptop] >= mc->mc_ki[ptop]) {
-				m3->mc_ki[ptop]++;
-			}
-			if (IS_LEAF(mp))
-				XCURSOR_REFRESH(m3, mc->mc_top, m3->mc_pg[mc->mc_top]);
-		}
-	}
-	DPRINTF(("mp left: %d, rp left: %d", SIZELEFT(mp), SIZELEFT(rp)));
-
-done:
-	if (copy)					/* tmp page */
-		mdb_page_free(env, copy);
-	if (rc)
-		mc->mc_txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int
-mdb_put(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi,
-    MDB_val *key, MDB_val *data, unsigned int flags)
-{
-	MDB_cursor mc;
-	MDB_xcursor mx;
-	int rc;
-
-	if (!key || !data || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (flags & ~(MDB_NOOVERWRITE|MDB_NODUPDATA|MDB_RESERVE|MDB_APPEND|MDB_APPENDDUP))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & (MDB_TXN_RDONLY|MDB_TXN_BLOCKED))
-		return (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_RDONLY) ? EACCES : MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
-	mc.mc_next = txn->mt_cursors[dbi];
-	txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = &mc;
-	rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, key, data, flags);
-	txn->mt_cursors[dbi] = mc.mc_next;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-#ifndef MDB_WBUF
-#define MDB_WBUF	(1024*1024)
-#endif
-#define MDB_EOF		0x10	/**< #mdb_env_copyfd1() is done reading */
-
-	/** State needed for a double-buffering compacting copy. */
-typedef struct mdb_copy {
-	MDB_env *mc_env;
-	MDB_txn *mc_txn;
-	pthread_mutex_t mc_mutex;
-	pthread_cond_t mc_cond;	/**< Condition variable for #mc_new */
-	char *mc_wbuf[2];
-	char *mc_over[2];
-	int mc_wlen[2];
-	int mc_olen[2];
-	pgno_t mc_next_pgno;
-	HANDLE mc_fd;
-	int mc_toggle;			/**< Buffer number in provider */
-	int mc_new;				/**< (0-2 buffers to write) | (#MDB_EOF at end) */
-	/** Error code.  Never cleared if set.  Both threads can set nonzero
-	 *	to fail the copy.  Not mutex-protected, LMDB expects atomic int.
-	 */
-	volatile int mc_error;
-} mdb_copy;
-
-	/** Dedicated writer thread for compacting copy. */
-static THREAD_RET ESECT CALL_CONV
-mdb_env_copythr(void *arg)
-{
-	mdb_copy *my = arg;
-	char *ptr;
-	int toggle = 0, wsize, rc;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	DWORD len;
-#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, w2, &len, NULL)
-#else
-	int len;
-#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	len = write(fd, ptr, w2); rc = (len >= 0)
-#ifdef SIGPIPE
-	sigset_t set;
-	sigemptyset(&set);
-	sigaddset(&set, SIGPIPE);
-	if ((rc = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL)) != 0)
-		my->mc_error = rc;
-#endif
-#endif
-
-	pthread_mutex_lock(&my->mc_mutex);
-	for(;;) {
-		while (!my->mc_new)
-			pthread_cond_wait(&my->mc_cond, &my->mc_mutex);
-		if (my->mc_new == 0 + MDB_EOF) /* 0 buffers, just EOF */
-			break;
-		wsize = my->mc_wlen[toggle];
-		ptr = my->mc_wbuf[toggle];
-again:
-		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-		while (wsize > 0 && !my->mc_error) {
-			DO_WRITE(rc, my->mc_fd, ptr, wsize, len);
-			if (!rc) {
-				rc = ErrCode();
-#if defined(SIGPIPE) && !defined(_WIN32)
-				if (rc == EPIPE) {
-					/* Collect the pending SIGPIPE, otherwise at least OS X
-					 * gives it to the process on thread-exit (ITS#8504).
-					 */
-					int tmp;
-					sigwait(&set, &tmp);
-				}
-#endif
-				break;
-			} else if (len > 0) {
-				rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-				ptr += len;
-				wsize -= len;
-				continue;
-			} else {
-				rc = EIO;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-		if (rc) {
-			my->mc_error = rc;
-		}
-		/* If there's an overflow page tail, write it too */
-		if (my->mc_olen[toggle]) {
-			wsize = my->mc_olen[toggle];
-			ptr = my->mc_over[toggle];
-			my->mc_olen[toggle] = 0;
-			goto again;
-		}
-		my->mc_wlen[toggle] = 0;
-		toggle ^= 1;
-		/* Return the empty buffer to provider */
-		my->mc_new--;
-		pthread_cond_signal(&my->mc_cond);
-	}
-	pthread_mutex_unlock(&my->mc_mutex);
-	return (THREAD_RET)0;
-#undef DO_WRITE
-}
-
-	/** Give buffer and/or #MDB_EOF to writer thread, await unused buffer.
-	 *
-	 * @param[in] my control structure.
-	 * @param[in] adjust (1 to hand off 1 buffer) | (MDB_EOF when ending).
-	 */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_cthr_toggle(mdb_copy *my, int adjust)
-{
-	pthread_mutex_lock(&my->mc_mutex);
-	my->mc_new += adjust;
-	pthread_cond_signal(&my->mc_cond);
-	while (my->mc_new & 2)		/* both buffers in use */
-		pthread_cond_wait(&my->mc_cond, &my->mc_mutex);
-	pthread_mutex_unlock(&my->mc_mutex);
-
-	my->mc_toggle ^= (adjust & 1);
-	/* Both threads reset mc_wlen, to be safe from threading errors */
-	my->mc_wlen[my->mc_toggle] = 0;
-	return my->mc_error;
-}
-
-	/** Depth-first tree traversal for compacting copy.
-	 * @param[in] my control structure.
-	 * @param[in,out] pg database root.
-	 * @param[in] flags includes #F_DUPDATA if it is a sorted-duplicate sub-DB.
-	 */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_cwalk(mdb_copy *my, pgno_t *pg, int flags)
-{
-	MDB_cursor mc = {0};
-	MDB_node *ni;
-	MDB_page *mo, *mp, *leaf;
-	char *buf, *ptr;
-	int rc, toggle;
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	/* Empty DB, nothing to do */
-	if (*pg == P_INVALID)
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-	mc.mc_snum = 1;
-	mc.mc_txn = my->mc_txn;
-
-	rc = mdb_page_get(&mc, *pg, &mc.mc_pg[0], NULL);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-	rc = mdb_page_search_root(&mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-
-	/* Make cursor pages writable */
-	buf = ptr = malloc(my->mc_env->me_psize * mc.mc_snum);
-	if (buf == NULL)
-		return ENOMEM;
-
-	for (i=0; i<mc.mc_top; i++) {
-		mdb_page_copy((MDB_page *)ptr, mc.mc_pg[i], my->mc_env->me_psize);
-		mc.mc_pg[i] = (MDB_page *)ptr;
-		ptr += my->mc_env->me_psize;
-	}
-
-	/* This is writable space for a leaf page. Usually not needed. */
-	leaf = (MDB_page *)ptr;
-
-	toggle = my->mc_toggle;
-	while (mc.mc_snum > 0) {
-		unsigned n;
-		mp = mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top];
-		n = NUMKEYS(mp);
-
-		if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-			if (!IS_LEAF2(mp) && !(flags & F_DUPDATA)) {
-				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-					if (ni->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA) {
-						MDB_page *omp;
-						pgno_t pg;
-
-						/* Need writable leaf */
-						if (mp != leaf) {
-							mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = leaf;
-							mdb_page_copy(leaf, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
-							mp = leaf;
-							ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-						}
-
-						memcpy(&pg, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(pg));
-						memcpy(NODEDATA(ni), &my->mc_next_pgno, sizeof(pgno_t));
-						rc = mdb_page_get(&mc, pg, &omp, NULL);
-						if (rc)
-							goto done;
-						if (my->mc_wlen[toggle] >= MDB_WBUF) {
-							rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
-							if (rc)
-								goto done;
-							toggle = my->mc_toggle;
-						}
-						mo = (MDB_page *)(my->mc_wbuf[toggle] + my->mc_wlen[toggle]);
-						memcpy(mo, omp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
-						mo->mp_pgno = my->mc_next_pgno;
-						my->mc_next_pgno += omp->mp_pages;
-						my->mc_wlen[toggle] += my->mc_env->me_psize;
-						if (omp->mp_pages > 1) {
-							my->mc_olen[toggle] = my->mc_env->me_psize * (omp->mp_pages - 1);
-							my->mc_over[toggle] = (char *)omp + my->mc_env->me_psize;
-							rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
-							if (rc)
-								goto done;
-							toggle = my->mc_toggle;
-						}
-					} else if (ni->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA) {
-						MDB_db db;
-
-						/* Need writable leaf */
-						if (mp != leaf) {
-							mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = leaf;
-							mdb_page_copy(leaf, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
-							mp = leaf;
-							ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-						}
-
-						memcpy(&db, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(db));
-						my->mc_toggle = toggle;
-						rc = mdb_env_cwalk(my, &db.md_root, ni->mn_flags & F_DUPDATA);
-						if (rc)
-							goto done;
-						toggle = my->mc_toggle;
-						memcpy(NODEDATA(ni), &db, sizeof(db));
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]++;
-			if (mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top] < n) {
-				pgno_t pg;
-again:
-				ni = NODEPTR(mp, mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]);
-				pg = NODEPGNO(ni);
-				rc = mdb_page_get(&mc, pg, &mp, NULL);
-				if (rc)
-					goto done;
-				mc.mc_top++;
-				mc.mc_snum++;
-				mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top] = 0;
-				if (IS_BRANCH(mp)) {
-					/* Whenever we advance to a sibling branch page,
-					 * we must proceed all the way down to its first leaf.
-					 */
-					mdb_page_copy(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top], mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
-					goto again;
-				} else
-					mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top] = mp;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		if (my->mc_wlen[toggle] >= MDB_WBUF) {
-			rc = mdb_env_cthr_toggle(my, 1);
-			if (rc)
-				goto done;
-			toggle = my->mc_toggle;
-		}
-		mo = (MDB_page *)(my->mc_wbuf[toggle] + my->mc_wlen[toggle]);
-		mdb_page_copy(mo, mp, my->mc_env->me_psize);
-		mo->mp_pgno = my->mc_next_pgno++;
-		my->mc_wlen[toggle] += my->mc_env->me_psize;
-		if (mc.mc_top) {
-			/* Update parent if there is one */
-			ni = NODEPTR(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top-1], mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top-1]);
-			SETPGNO(ni, mo->mp_pgno);
-			mdb_cursor_pop(&mc);
-		} else {
-			/* Otherwise we're done */
-			*pg = mo->mp_pgno;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-done:
-	free(buf);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-	/** Copy environment with compaction. */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_copyfd1(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
-{
-	MDB_meta *mm;
-	MDB_page *mp;
-	mdb_copy my = {0};
-	MDB_txn *txn = NULL;
-	pthread_t thr;
-	pgno_t root, new_root;
-	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	if (!(my.mc_mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL)) ||
-		!(my.mc_cond = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL))) {
-		rc = ErrCode();
-		goto done;
-	}
-	my.mc_wbuf[0] = _aligned_malloc(MDB_WBUF*2, env->me_os_psize);
-	if (my.mc_wbuf[0] == NULL) {
-		/* _aligned_malloc() sets errno, but we use Windows error codes */
-		rc = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
-		goto done;
-	}
-#else
-	if ((rc = pthread_mutex_init(&my.mc_mutex, NULL)) != 0)
-		return rc;
-	if ((rc = pthread_cond_init(&my.mc_cond, NULL)) != 0)
-		goto done2;
-#ifdef HAVE_MEMALIGN
-	my.mc_wbuf[0] = memalign(env->me_os_psize, MDB_WBUF*2);
-	if (my.mc_wbuf[0] == NULL) {
-		rc = errno;
-		goto done;
-	}
-#else
-	{
-		void *p;
-		if ((rc = posix_memalign(&p, env->me_os_psize, MDB_WBUF*2)) != 0)
-			goto done;
-		my.mc_wbuf[0] = p;
-	}
-#endif
-#endif
-	memset(my.mc_wbuf[0], 0, MDB_WBUF*2);
-	my.mc_wbuf[1] = my.mc_wbuf[0] + MDB_WBUF;
-	my.mc_next_pgno = NUM_METAS;
-	my.mc_env = env;
-	my.mc_fd = fd;
-	rc = THREAD_CREATE(thr, mdb_env_copythr, &my);
-	if (rc)
-		goto done;
-
-	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn);
-	if (rc)
-		goto finish;
-
-	mp = (MDB_page *)my.mc_wbuf[0];
-	memset(mp, 0, NUM_METAS * env->me_psize);
-	mp->mp_pgno = 0;
-	mp->mp_flags = P_META;
-	mm = (MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp);
-	mdb_env_init_meta0(env, mm);
-	mm->mm_address = env->me_metas[0]->mm_address;
-
-	mp = (MDB_page *)(my.mc_wbuf[0] + env->me_psize);
-	mp->mp_pgno = 1;
-	mp->mp_flags = P_META;
-	*(MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp) = *mm;
-	mm = (MDB_meta *)METADATA(mp);
-
-	/* Set metapage 1 with current main DB */
-	root = new_root = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root;
-	if (root != P_INVALID) {
-		/* Count free pages + freeDB pages.  Subtract from last_pg
-		 * to find the new last_pg, which also becomes the new root.
-		 */
-		MDB_ID freecount = 0;
-		MDB_cursor mc;
-		MDB_val key, data;
-		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, FREE_DBI, NULL);
-		while ((rc = mdb_cursor_get(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_NEXT)) == 0)
-			freecount += *(MDB_ID *)data.mv_data;
-		if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
-			goto finish;
-		freecount += txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_branch_pages +
-			txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_leaf_pages +
-			txn->mt_dbs[FREE_DBI].md_overflow_pages;
-
-		new_root = txn->mt_next_pgno - 1 - freecount;
-		mm->mm_last_pg = new_root;
-		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI] = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI];
-		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_root = new_root;
-	} else {
-		/* When the DB is empty, handle it specially to
-		 * fix any breakage like page leaks from ITS#8174.
-		 */
-		mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags = txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags;
-	}
-	if (root != P_INVALID || mm->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags) {
-		mm->mm_txnid = 1;		/* use metapage 1 */
-	}
-
-	my.mc_wlen[0] = env->me_psize * NUM_METAS;
-	my.mc_txn = txn;
-	rc = mdb_env_cwalk(&my, &root, 0);
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS && root != new_root) {
-		rc = MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;	/* page leak or corrupt DB */
-	}
-
-finish:
-	if (rc)
-		my.mc_error = rc;
-	mdb_env_cthr_toggle(&my, 1 | MDB_EOF);
-	rc = THREAD_FINISH(thr);
-	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-
-done:
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	if (my.mc_wbuf[0]) _aligned_free(my.mc_wbuf[0]);
-	if (my.mc_cond)  CloseHandle(my.mc_cond);
-	if (my.mc_mutex) CloseHandle(my.mc_mutex);
-#else
-	free(my.mc_wbuf[0]);
-	pthread_cond_destroy(&my.mc_cond);
-done2:
-	pthread_mutex_destroy(&my.mc_mutex);
-#endif
-	return rc ? rc : my.mc_error;
-}
-
-	/** Copy environment as-is. */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_env_copyfd0(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
-{
-	MDB_txn *txn = NULL;
-	mdb_mutexref_t wmutex = NULL;
-	int rc;
-	size_t wsize, w3;
-	char *ptr;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	DWORD len, w2;
-#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	rc = WriteFile(fd, ptr, w2, &len, NULL)
-#else
-	ssize_t len;
-	size_t w2;
-#define DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len)	len = write(fd, ptr, w2); rc = (len >= 0)
-#endif
-
-	/* Do the lock/unlock of the reader mutex before starting the
-	 * write txn.  Otherwise other read txns could block writers.
-	 */
-	rc = mdb_txn_begin(env, NULL, MDB_RDONLY, &txn);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-
-	if (env->me_txns) {
-		/* We must start the actual read txn after blocking writers */
-		mdb_txn_end(txn, MDB_END_RESET_TMP);
-
-		/* Temporarily block writers until we snapshot the meta pages */
-		wmutex = env->me_wmutex;
-		if (LOCK_MUTEX(rc, env, wmutex))
-			goto leave;
-
-		rc = mdb_txn_renew0(txn);
-		if (rc) {
-			UNLOCK_MUTEX(wmutex);
-			goto leave;
-		}
-	}
-
-	wsize = env->me_psize * NUM_METAS;
-	ptr = env->me_map;
-	w2 = wsize;
-	while (w2 > 0) {
-		DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len);
-		if (!rc) {
-			rc = ErrCode();
-			break;
-		} else if (len > 0) {
-			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-			ptr += len;
-			w2 -= len;
-			continue;
-		} else {
-			/* Non-blocking or async handles are not supported */
-			rc = EIO;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (wmutex)
-		UNLOCK_MUTEX(wmutex);
-
-	if (rc)
-		goto leave;
-
-	w3 = txn->mt_next_pgno * env->me_psize;
-	{
-		size_t fsize = 0;
-		if ((rc = mdb_fsize(env->me_fd, &fsize)))
-			goto leave;
-		if (w3 > fsize)
-			w3 = fsize;
-	}
-	wsize = w3 - wsize;
-	while (wsize > 0) {
-		if (wsize > MAX_WRITE)
-			w2 = MAX_WRITE;
-		else
-			w2 = wsize;
-		DO_WRITE(rc, fd, ptr, w2, len);
-		if (!rc) {
-			rc = ErrCode();
-			break;
-		} else if (len > 0) {
-			rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-			ptr += len;
-			wsize -= len;
-			continue;
-		} else {
-			rc = EIO;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-leave:
-	mdb_txn_abort(txn);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_copyfd2(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd, unsigned int flags)
-{
-	if (flags & MDB_CP_COMPACT)
-		return mdb_env_copyfd1(env, fd);
-	else
-		return mdb_env_copyfd0(env, fd);
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_copyfd(MDB_env *env, HANDLE fd)
-{
-	return mdb_env_copyfd2(env, fd, 0);
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_copy2(MDB_env *env, const char *path, unsigned int flags)
-{
-	int rc;
-	MDB_name fname;
-	HANDLE newfd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-
-	rc = mdb_fname_init(path, env->me_flags | MDB_NOLOCK, &fname);
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		rc = mdb_fopen(env, &fname, MDB_O_COPY, 0666, &newfd);
-		mdb_fname_destroy(fname);
-	}
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		rc = mdb_env_copyfd2(env, newfd, flags);
-		if (close(newfd) < 0 && rc == MDB_SUCCESS)
-			rc = ErrCode();
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_copy(MDB_env *env, const char *path)
-{
-	return mdb_env_copy2(env, path, 0);
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_set_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int flag, int onoff)
-{
-	if (flag & ~CHANGEABLE)
-		return EINVAL;
-	if (onoff)
-		env->me_flags |= flag;
-	else
-		env->me_flags &= ~flag;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_get_flags(MDB_env *env, unsigned int *arg)
-{
-	if (!env || !arg)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	*arg = env->me_flags & (CHANGEABLE|CHANGELESS);
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_set_userctx(MDB_env *env, void *ctx)
-{
-	if (!env)
-		return EINVAL;
-	env->me_userctx = ctx;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-void * ESECT
-mdb_env_get_userctx(MDB_env *env)
-{
-	return env ? env->me_userctx : NULL;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_set_assert(MDB_env *env, MDB_assert_func *func)
-{
-	if (!env)
-		return EINVAL;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-	env->me_assert_func = func;
-#endif
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_get_path(MDB_env *env, const char **arg)
-{
-	if (!env || !arg)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	*arg = env->me_path;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_get_fd(MDB_env *env, mdb_filehandle_t *arg)
-{
-	if (!env || !arg)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	*arg = env->me_fd;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Common code for #mdb_stat() and #mdb_env_stat().
- * @param[in] env the environment to operate in.
- * @param[in] db the #MDB_db record containing the stats to return.
- * @param[out] arg the address of an #MDB_stat structure to receive the stats.
- * @return 0, this function always succeeds.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_stat0(MDB_env *env, MDB_db *db, MDB_stat *arg)
-{
-	arg->ms_psize = env->me_psize;
-	arg->ms_depth = db->md_depth;
-	arg->ms_branch_pages = db->md_branch_pages;
-	arg->ms_leaf_pages = db->md_leaf_pages;
-	arg->ms_overflow_pages = db->md_overflow_pages;
-	arg->ms_entries = db->md_entries;
-
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_stat(MDB_env *env, MDB_stat *arg)
-{
-	MDB_meta *meta;
-
-	if (env == NULL || arg == NULL)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-
-	return mdb_stat0(env, &meta->mm_dbs[MAIN_DBI], arg);
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_info(MDB_env *env, MDB_envinfo *arg)
-{
-	MDB_meta *meta;
-
-	if (env == NULL || arg == NULL)
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-	arg->me_mapaddr = meta->mm_address;
-	arg->me_last_pgno = meta->mm_last_pg;
-	arg->me_last_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
-
-	arg->me_mapsize = env->me_mapsize;
-	arg->me_maxreaders = env->me_maxreaders;
-	arg->me_numreaders = env->me_txns ? env->me_txns->mti_numreaders : 0;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Set the default comparison functions for a database.
- * Called immediately after a database is opened to set the defaults.
- * The user can then override them with #mdb_set_compare() or
- * #mdb_set_dupsort().
- * @param[in] txn A transaction handle returned by #mdb_txn_begin()
- * @param[in] dbi A database handle returned by #mdb_dbi_open()
- */
-static void
-mdb_default_cmp(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi)
-{
-	uint16_t f = txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags;
-
-	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp =
-		(f & MDB_REVERSEKEY) ? mdb_cmp_memnr :
-		(f & MDB_INTEGERKEY) ? mdb_cmp_cint  : mdb_cmp_memn;
-
-	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp =
-		!(f & MDB_DUPSORT) ? 0 :
-		((f & MDB_INTEGERDUP)
-		 ? ((f & MDB_DUPFIXED)   ? mdb_cmp_int   : mdb_cmp_cint)
-		 : ((f & MDB_REVERSEDUP) ? mdb_cmp_memnr : mdb_cmp_memn));
-}
-
-int mdb_dbi_open(MDB_txn *txn, const char *name, unsigned int flags, MDB_dbi *dbi)
-{
-	MDB_val key, data;
-	MDB_dbi i;
-	MDB_cursor mc;
-	MDB_db dummy;
-	int rc, dbflag, exact;
-	unsigned int unused = 0, seq;
-	char *namedup;
-	size_t len;
-
-	if (flags & ~VALID_FLAGS)
-		return EINVAL;
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	/* main DB? */
-	if (!name) {
-		*dbi = MAIN_DBI;
-		if (flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS) {
-			uint16_t f2 = flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
-			/* make sure flag changes get committed */
-			if ((txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags | f2) != txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags) {
-				txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags |= f2;
-				txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
-			}
-		}
-		mdb_default_cmp(txn, MAIN_DBI);
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (txn->mt_dbxs[MAIN_DBI].md_cmp == NULL) {
-		mdb_default_cmp(txn, MAIN_DBI);
-	}
-
-	/* Is the DB already open? */
-	len = strlen(name);
-	for (i=CORE_DBS; i<txn->mt_numdbs; i++) {
-		if (!txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size) {
-			/* Remember this free slot */
-			if (!unused) unused = i;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (len == txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_size &&
-			!strncmp(name, txn->mt_dbxs[i].md_name.mv_data, len)) {
-			*dbi = i;
-			return MDB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* If no free slot and max hit, fail */
-	if (!unused && txn->mt_numdbs >= txn->mt_env->me_maxdbs)
-		return MDB_DBS_FULL;
-
-	/* Cannot mix named databases with some mainDB flags */
-	if (txn->mt_dbs[MAIN_DBI].md_flags & (MDB_DUPSORT|MDB_INTEGERKEY))
-		return (flags & MDB_CREATE) ? MDB_INCOMPATIBLE : MDB_NOTFOUND;
-
-	/* Find the DB info */
-	dbflag = DB_NEW|DB_VALID|DB_USRVALID;
-	exact = 0;
-	key.mv_size = len;
-	key.mv_data = (void *)name;
-	mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, MAIN_DBI, NULL);
-	rc = mdb_cursor_set(&mc, &key, &data, MDB_SET, &exact);
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		/* make sure this is actually a DB */
-		MDB_node *node = NODEPTR(mc.mc_pg[mc.mc_top], mc.mc_ki[mc.mc_top]);
-		if ((node->mn_flags & (F_DUPDATA|F_SUBDATA)) != F_SUBDATA)
-			return MDB_INCOMPATIBLE;
-	} else {
-		if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND || !(flags & MDB_CREATE))
-			return rc;
-		if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
-			return EACCES;
-	}
-
-	/* Done here so we cannot fail after creating a new DB */
-	if ((namedup = strdup(name)) == NULL)
-		return ENOMEM;
-
-	if (rc) {
-		/* MDB_NOTFOUND and MDB_CREATE: Create new DB */
-		data.mv_size = sizeof(MDB_db);
-		data.mv_data = &dummy;
-		memset(&dummy, 0, sizeof(dummy));
-		dummy.md_root = P_INVALID;
-		dummy.md_flags = flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
-		WITH_CURSOR_TRACKING(mc,
-			rc = mdb_cursor_put(&mc, &key, &data, F_SUBDATA));
-		dbflag |= DB_DIRTY;
-	}
-
-	if (rc) {
-		free(namedup);
-	} else {
-		/* Got info, register DBI in this txn */
-		unsigned int slot = unused ? unused : txn->mt_numdbs;
-		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_name.mv_data = namedup;
-		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_name.mv_size = len;
-		txn->mt_dbxs[slot].md_rel = NULL;
-		txn->mt_dbflags[slot] = dbflag;
-		/* txn-> and env-> are the same in read txns, use
-		 * tmp variable to avoid undefined assignment
-		 */
-		seq = ++txn->mt_env->me_dbiseqs[slot];
-		txn->mt_dbiseqs[slot] = seq;
-
-		memcpy(&txn->mt_dbs[slot], data.mv_data, sizeof(MDB_db));
-		*dbi = slot;
-		mdb_default_cmp(txn, slot);
-		if (!unused) {
-			txn->mt_numdbs++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_stat(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_stat *arg)
-{
-	if (!arg || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_VALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (txn->mt_flags & MDB_TXN_BLOCKED)
-		return MDB_BAD_TXN;
-
-	if (txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] & DB_STALE) {
-		MDB_cursor mc;
-		MDB_xcursor mx;
-		/* Stale, must read the DB's root. cursor_init does it for us. */
-		mdb_cursor_init(&mc, txn, dbi, &mx);
-	}
-	return mdb_stat0(txn->mt_env, &txn->mt_dbs[dbi], arg);
-}
-
-void mdb_dbi_close(MDB_env *env, MDB_dbi dbi)
-{
-	char *ptr;
-	if (dbi < CORE_DBS || dbi >= env->me_maxdbs)
-		return;
-	ptr = env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_data;
-	/* If there was no name, this was already closed */
-	if (ptr) {
-		env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_data = NULL;
-		env->me_dbxs[dbi].md_name.mv_size = 0;
-		env->me_dbflags[dbi] = 0;
-		env->me_dbiseqs[dbi]++;
-		free(ptr);
-	}
-}
-
-int mdb_dbi_flags(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, unsigned int *flags)
-{
-	/* We could return the flags for the FREE_DBI too but what's the point? */
-	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-	*flags = txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_flags & PERSISTENT_FLAGS;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** Add all the DB's pages to the free list.
- * @param[in] mc Cursor on the DB to free.
- * @param[in] subs non-Zero to check for sub-DBs in this DB.
- * @return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
- */
-static int
-mdb_drop0(MDB_cursor *mc, int subs)
-{
-	int rc;
-
-	rc = mdb_page_search(mc, NULL, MDB_PS_FIRST);
-	if (rc == MDB_SUCCESS) {
-		MDB_txn *txn = mc->mc_txn;
-		MDB_node *ni;
-		MDB_cursor mx;
-		unsigned int i;
-
-		/* DUPSORT sub-DBs have no ovpages/DBs. Omit scanning leaves.
-		 * This also avoids any P_LEAF2 pages, which have no nodes.
-		 * Also if the DB doesn't have sub-DBs and has no overflow
-		 * pages, omit scanning leaves.
-		 */
-		if ((mc->mc_flags & C_SUB) ||
-			(!subs && !mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages))
-			mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
-
-		mdb_cursor_copy(mc, &mx);
-		while (mc->mc_snum > 0) {
-			MDB_page *mp = mc->mc_pg[mc->mc_top];
-			unsigned n = NUMKEYS(mp);
-			if (IS_LEAF(mp)) {
-				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-					if (ni->mn_flags & F_BIGDATA) {
-						MDB_page *omp;
-						pgno_t pg;
-						memcpy(&pg, NODEDATA(ni), sizeof(pg));
-						rc = mdb_page_get(mc, pg, &omp, NULL);
-						if (rc != 0)
-							goto done;
-						mdb_cassert(mc, IS_OVERFLOW(omp));
-						rc = mdb_midl_append_range(&txn->mt_free_pgs,
-							pg, omp->mp_pages);
-						if (rc)
-							goto done;
-						mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages -= omp->mp_pages;
-						if (!mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages && !subs)
-							break;
-					} else if (subs && (ni->mn_flags & F_SUBDATA)) {
-						mdb_xcursor_init1(mc, ni);
-						rc = mdb_drop0(&mc->mc_xcursor->mx_cursor, 0);
-						if (rc)
-							goto done;
-					}
-				}
-				if (!subs && !mc->mc_db->md_overflow_pages)
-					goto pop;
-			} else {
-				if ((rc = mdb_midl_need(&txn->mt_free_pgs, n)) != 0)
-					goto done;
-				for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
-					pgno_t pg;
-					ni = NODEPTR(mp, i);
-					pg = NODEPGNO(ni);
-					/* free it */
-					mdb_midl_xappend(txn->mt_free_pgs, pg);
-				}
-			}
-			if (!mc->mc_top)
-				break;
-			mc->mc_ki[mc->mc_top] = i;
-			rc = mdb_cursor_sibling(mc, 1);
-			if (rc) {
-				if (rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
-					goto done;
-				/* no more siblings, go back to beginning
-				 * of previous level.
-				 */
-pop:
-				mdb_cursor_pop(mc);
-				mc->mc_ki[0] = 0;
-				for (i=1; i<mc->mc_snum; i++) {
-					mc->mc_ki[i] = 0;
-					mc->mc_pg[i] = mx.mc_pg[i];
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		/* free it */
-		rc = mdb_midl_append(&txn->mt_free_pgs, mc->mc_db->md_root);
-done:
-		if (rc)
-			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-	} else if (rc == MDB_NOTFOUND) {
-		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-	mc->mc_flags &= ~C_INITIALIZED;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int mdb_drop(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, int del)
-{
-	MDB_cursor *mc, *m2;
-	int rc;
-
-	if ((unsigned)del > 1 || !TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	if (F_ISSET(txn->mt_flags, MDB_TXN_RDONLY))
-		return EACCES;
-
-	if (TXN_DBI_CHANGED(txn, dbi))
-		return MDB_BAD_DBI;
-
-	rc = mdb_cursor_open(txn, dbi, &mc);
-	if (rc)
-		return rc;
-
-	rc = mdb_drop0(mc, mc->mc_db->md_flags & MDB_DUPSORT);
-	/* Invalidate the dropped DB's cursors */
-	for (m2 = txn->mt_cursors[dbi]; m2; m2 = m2->mc_next)
-		m2->mc_flags &= ~(C_INITIALIZED|C_EOF);
-	if (rc)
-		goto leave;
-
-	/* Can't delete the main DB */
-	if (del && dbi >= CORE_DBS) {
-		rc = mdb_del0(txn, MAIN_DBI, &mc->mc_dbx->md_name, NULL, F_SUBDATA);
-		if (!rc) {
-			txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] = DB_STALE;
-			mdb_dbi_close(txn->mt_env, dbi);
-		} else {
-			txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_ERROR;
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* reset the DB record, mark it dirty */
-		txn->mt_dbflags[dbi] |= DB_DIRTY;
-		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_depth = 0;
-		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_branch_pages = 0;
-		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_leaf_pages = 0;
-		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_overflow_pages = 0;
-		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_entries = 0;
-		txn->mt_dbs[dbi].md_root = P_INVALID;
-
-		txn->mt_flags |= MDB_TXN_DIRTY;
-	}
-leave:
-	mdb_cursor_close(mc);
-	return rc;
-}
-
-int mdb_set_compare(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp)
-{
-	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_cmp = cmp;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int mdb_set_dupsort(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_cmp_func *cmp)
-{
-	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_dcmp = cmp;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int mdb_set_relfunc(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, MDB_rel_func *rel)
-{
-	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_rel = rel;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int mdb_set_relctx(MDB_txn *txn, MDB_dbi dbi, void *ctx)
-{
-	if (!TXN_DBI_EXIST(txn, dbi, DB_USRVALID))
-		return EINVAL;
-
-	txn->mt_dbxs[dbi].md_relctx = ctx;
-	return MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_env_get_maxkeysize(MDB_env *env)
-{
-	return ENV_MAXKEY(env);
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_reader_list(MDB_env *env, MDB_msg_func *func, void *ctx)
-{
-	unsigned int i, rdrs;
-	MDB_reader *mr;
-	char buf[64];
-	int rc = 0, first = 1;
-
-	if (!env || !func)
-		return -1;
-	if (!env->me_txns) {
-		return func("(no reader locks)\n", ctx);
-	}
-	rdrs = env->me_txns->mti_numreaders;
-	mr = env->me_txns->mti_readers;
-	for (i=0; i<rdrs; i++) {
-		if (mr[i].mr_pid) {
-			txnid_t	txnid = mr[i].mr_txnid;
-			sprintf(buf, txnid == (txnid_t)-1 ?
-				"%10d %"Z"x -\n" : "%10d %"Z"x %"Z"u\n",
-				(int)mr[i].mr_pid, (size_t)mr[i].mr_tid, txnid);
-			if (first) {
-				first = 0;
-				rc = func("    pid     thread     txnid\n", ctx);
-				if (rc < 0)
-					break;
-			}
-			rc = func(buf, ctx);
-			if (rc < 0)
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (first) {
-		rc = func("(no active readers)\n", ctx);
-	}
-	return rc;
-}
-
-/** Insert pid into list if not already present.
- * return -1 if already present.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_pid_insert(MDB_PID_T *ids, MDB_PID_T pid)
-{
-	/* binary search of pid in list */
-	unsigned base = 0;
-	unsigned cursor = 1;
-	int val = 0;
-	unsigned n = ids[0];
-
-	while( 0 < n ) {
-		unsigned pivot = n >> 1;
-		cursor = base + pivot + 1;
-		val = pid - ids[cursor];
-
-		if( val < 0 ) {
-			n = pivot;
-
-		} else if ( val > 0 ) {
-			base = cursor;
-			n -= pivot + 1;
-
-		} else {
-			/* found, so it's a duplicate */
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if( val > 0 ) {
-		++cursor;
-	}
-	ids[0]++;
-	for (n = ids[0]; n > cursor; n--)
-		ids[n] = ids[n-1];
-	ids[n] = pid;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int ESECT
-mdb_reader_check(MDB_env *env, int *dead)
-{
-	if (!env)
-		return EINVAL;
-	if (dead)
-		*dead = 0;
-	return env->me_txns ? mdb_reader_check0(env, 0, dead) : MDB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/** As #mdb_reader_check(). \b rlocked is set if caller locked #me_rmutex. */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_reader_check0(MDB_env *env, int rlocked, int *dead)
-{
-	mdb_mutexref_t rmutex = rlocked ? NULL : env->me_rmutex;
-	unsigned int i, j, rdrs;
-	MDB_reader *mr;
-	MDB_PID_T *pids, pid;
-	int rc = MDB_SUCCESS, count = 0;
-
-	rdrs = env->me_txns->mti_numreaders;
-	pids = malloc((rdrs+1) * sizeof(MDB_PID_T));
-	if (!pids)
-		return ENOMEM;
-	pids[0] = 0;
-	mr = env->me_txns->mti_readers;
-	for (i=0; i<rdrs; i++) {
-		pid = mr[i].mr_pid;
-		if (pid && pid != env->me_pid) {
-			if (mdb_pid_insert(pids, pid) == 0) {
-				if (!mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidcheck, pid)) {
-					/* Stale reader found */
-					j = i;
-					if (rmutex) {
-						if ((rc = LOCK_MUTEX0(rmutex)) != 0) {
-							if ((rc = mdb_mutex_failed(env, rmutex, rc)))
-								break;
-							rdrs = 0; /* the above checked all readers */
-						} else {
-							/* Recheck, a new process may have reused pid */
-							if (mdb_reader_pid(env, Pidcheck, pid))
-								j = rdrs;
-						}
-					}
-					for (; j<rdrs; j++)
-							if (mr[j].mr_pid == pid) {
-								DPRINTF(("clear stale reader pid %u txn %"Z"d",
-									(unsigned) pid, mr[j].mr_txnid));
-								mr[j].mr_pid = 0;
-								count++;
-							}
-					if (rmutex)
-						UNLOCK_MUTEX(rmutex);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	free(pids);
-	if (dead)
-		*dead = count;
-	return rc;
-}
-
-#ifdef MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED
-/** Handle #LOCK_MUTEX0() failure.
- * Try to repair the lock file if the mutex owner died.
- * @param[in] env	the environment handle
- * @param[in] mutex	LOCK_MUTEX0() mutex
- * @param[in] rc	LOCK_MUTEX0() error (nonzero)
- * @return 0 on success with the mutex locked, or an error code on failure.
- */
-static int ESECT
-mdb_mutex_failed(MDB_env *env, mdb_mutexref_t mutex, int rc)
-{
-	int rlocked, rc2;
-	MDB_meta *meta;
-
-	if (rc == MDB_OWNERDEAD) {
-		/* We own the mutex. Clean up after dead previous owner. */
-		rc = MDB_SUCCESS;
-		rlocked = (mutex == env->me_rmutex);
-		if (!rlocked) {
-			/* Keep mti_txnid updated, otherwise next writer can
-			 * overwrite data which latest meta page refers to.
-			 */
-			meta = mdb_env_pick_meta(env);
-			env->me_txns->mti_txnid = meta->mm_txnid;
-			/* env is hosed if the dead thread was ours */
-			if (env->me_txn) {
-				env->me_flags |= MDB_FATAL_ERROR;
-				env->me_txn = NULL;
-				rc = MDB_PANIC;
-			}
-		}
-		DPRINTF(("%cmutex owner died, %s", (rlocked ? 'r' : 'w'),
-			(rc ? "this process' env is hosed" : "recovering")));
-		rc2 = mdb_reader_check0(env, rlocked, NULL);
-		if (rc2 == 0)
-			rc2 = mdb_mutex_consistent(mutex);
-		if (rc || (rc = rc2)) {
-			DPRINTF(("LOCK_MUTEX recovery failed, %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
-			UNLOCK_MUTEX(mutex);
-		}
-	} else {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-		rc = ErrCode();
-#endif
-		DPRINTF(("LOCK_MUTEX failed, %s", mdb_strerror(rc)));
-	}
-
-	return rc;
-}
-#endif	/* MDB_ROBUST_SUPPORTED */
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-/** Convert \b src to new wchar_t[] string with room for \b xtra extra chars */
-static int ESECT
-utf8_to_utf16(const char *src, MDB_name *dst, int xtra)
-{
-	int rc, need = 0;
-	wchar_t *result = NULL;
-	for (;;) {					/* malloc result, then fill it in */
-		need = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, src, -1, result, need);
-		if (!need) {
-			rc = ErrCode();
-			free(result);
-			return rc;
-		}
-		if (!result) {
-			result = malloc(sizeof(wchar_t) * (need + xtra));
-			if (!result)
-				return ENOMEM;
-			continue;
-		}
-		dst->mn_alloced = 1;
-		dst->mn_len = need - 1;
-		dst->mn_val = result;
-		return MDB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-}
-#endif /* defined(_WIN32) */
-/** @} */

ext/lib/midl.c

@@ -1,359 +0,0 @@
-/**	@file midl.c
- *	@brief ldap bdb back-end ID List functions */
-/* $OpenLDAP$ */
-/* This work is part of OpenLDAP Software <http://www.openldap.org/>.
- *
- * Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenLDAP Foundation.
- * Portions Copyright 2001-2018 Howard Chu, Symas Corp.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted only as authorized by the OpenLDAP
- * Public License.
- *
- * A copy of this license is available in the file LICENSE in the
- * top-level directory of the distribution or, alternatively, at
- * <http://www.OpenLDAP.org/license.html>.
- */
-
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include "midl.h"
-
-/** @defgroup internal	LMDB Internals
- *	@{
- */
-/** @defgroup idls	ID List Management
- *	@{
- */
-#define CMP(x,y)	 ( (x) < (y) ? -1 : (x) > (y) )
-
-unsigned mdb_midl_search( MDB_IDL ids, MDB_ID id )
-{
-	/*
-	 * binary search of id in ids
-	 * if found, returns position of id
-	 * if not found, returns first position greater than id
-	 */
-	unsigned base = 0;
-	unsigned cursor = 1;
-	int val = 0;
-	unsigned n = ids[0];
-
-	while( 0 < n ) {
-		unsigned pivot = n >> 1;
-		cursor = base + pivot + 1;
-		val = CMP( ids[cursor], id );
-
-		if( val < 0 ) {
-			n = pivot;
-
-		} else if ( val > 0 ) {
-			base = cursor;
-			n -= pivot + 1;
-
-		} else {
-			return cursor;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if( val > 0 ) {
-		++cursor;
-	}
-	return cursor;
-}
-
-#if 0	/* superseded by append/sort */
-int mdb_midl_insert( MDB_IDL ids, MDB_ID id )
-{
-	unsigned x, i;
-
-	x = mdb_midl_search( ids, id );
-	assert( x > 0 );
-
-	if( x < 1 ) {
-		/* internal error */
-		return -2;
-	}
-
-	if ( x <= ids[0] && ids[x] == id ) {
-		/* duplicate */
-		assert(0);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	if ( ++ids[0] >= MDB_IDL_DB_MAX ) {
-		/* no room */
-		--ids[0];
-		return -2;
-
-	} else {
-		/* insert id */
-		for (i=ids[0]; i>x; i--)
-			ids[i] = ids[i-1];
-		ids[x] = id;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif
-
-MDB_IDL mdb_midl_alloc(int num)
-{
-	MDB_IDL ids = malloc((num+2) * sizeof(MDB_ID));
-	if (ids) {
-		*ids++ = num;
-		*ids = 0;
-	}
-	return ids;
-}
-
-void mdb_midl_free(MDB_IDL ids)
-{
-	if (ids)
-		free(ids-1);
-}
-
-void mdb_midl_shrink( MDB_IDL *idp )
-{
-	MDB_IDL ids = *idp;
-	if (*(--ids) > MDB_IDL_UM_MAX &&
-		(ids = realloc(ids, (MDB_IDL_UM_MAX+2) * sizeof(MDB_ID))))
-	{
-		*ids++ = MDB_IDL_UM_MAX;
-		*idp = ids;
-	}
-}
-
-static int mdb_midl_grow( MDB_IDL *idp, int num )
-{
-	MDB_IDL idn = *idp-1;
-	/* grow it */
-	idn = realloc(idn, (*idn + num + 2) * sizeof(MDB_ID));
-	if (!idn)
-		return ENOMEM;
-	*idn++ += num;
-	*idp = idn;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int mdb_midl_need( MDB_IDL *idp, unsigned num )
-{
-	MDB_IDL ids = *idp;
-	num += ids[0];
-	if (num > ids[-1]) {
-		num = (num + num/4 + (256 + 2)) & -256;
-		if (!(ids = realloc(ids-1, num * sizeof(MDB_ID))))
-			return ENOMEM;
-		*ids++ = num - 2;
-		*idp = ids;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int mdb_midl_append( MDB_IDL *idp, MDB_ID id )
-{
-	MDB_IDL ids = *idp;
-	/* Too big? */
-	if (ids[0] >= ids[-1]) {
-		if (mdb_midl_grow(idp, MDB_IDL_UM_MAX))
-			return ENOMEM;
-		ids = *idp;
-	}
-	ids[0]++;
-	ids[ids[0]] = id;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int mdb_midl_append_list( MDB_IDL *idp, MDB_IDL app )
-{
-	MDB_IDL ids = *idp;
-	/* Too big? */
-	if (ids[0] + app[0] >= ids[-1]) {
-		if (mdb_midl_grow(idp, app[0]))
-			return ENOMEM;
-		ids = *idp;
-	}
-	memcpy(&ids[ids[0]+1], &app[1], app[0] * sizeof(MDB_ID));
-	ids[0] += app[0];
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int mdb_midl_append_range( MDB_IDL *idp, MDB_ID id, unsigned n )
-{
-	MDB_ID *ids = *idp, len = ids[0];
-	/* Too big? */
-	if (len + n > ids[-1]) {
-		if (mdb_midl_grow(idp, n | MDB_IDL_UM_MAX))
-			return ENOMEM;
-		ids = *idp;
-	}
-	ids[0] = len + n;
-	ids += len;
-	while (n)
-		ids[n--] = id++;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void mdb_midl_xmerge( MDB_IDL idl, MDB_IDL merge )
-{
-	MDB_ID old_id, merge_id, i = merge[0], j = idl[0], k = i+j, total = k;
-	idl[0] = (MDB_ID)-1;		/* delimiter for idl scan below */
-	old_id = idl[j];
-	while (i) {
-		merge_id = merge[i--];
-		for (; old_id < merge_id; old_id = idl[--j])
-			idl[k--] = old_id;
-		idl[k--] = merge_id;
-	}
-	idl[0] = total;
-}
-
-/* Quicksort + Insertion sort for small arrays */
-
-#define SMALL	8
-#define	MIDL_SWAP(a,b)	{ itmp=(a); (a)=(b); (b)=itmp; }
-
-void
-mdb_midl_sort( MDB_IDL ids )
-{
-	/* Max possible depth of int-indexed tree * 2 items/level */
-	int istack[sizeof(int)*CHAR_BIT * 2];
-	int i,j,k,l,ir,jstack;
-	MDB_ID a, itmp;
-
-	ir = (int)ids[0];
-	l = 1;
-	jstack = 0;
-	for(;;) {
-		if (ir - l < SMALL) {	/* Insertion sort */
-			for (j=l+1;j<=ir;j++) {
-				a = ids[j];
-				for (i=j-1;i>=1;i--) {
-					if (ids[i] >= a) break;
-					ids[i+1] = ids[i];
-				}
-				ids[i+1] = a;
-			}
-			if (jstack == 0) break;
-			ir = istack[jstack--];
-			l = istack[jstack--];
-		} else {
-			k = (l + ir) >> 1;	/* Choose median of left, center, right */
-			MIDL_SWAP(ids[k], ids[l+1]);
-			if (ids[l] < ids[ir]) {
-				MIDL_SWAP(ids[l], ids[ir]);
-			}
-			if (ids[l+1] < ids[ir]) {
-				MIDL_SWAP(ids[l+1], ids[ir]);
-			}
-			if (ids[l] < ids[l+1]) {
-				MIDL_SWAP(ids[l], ids[l+1]);
-			}
-			i = l+1;
-			j = ir;
-			a = ids[l+1];
-			for(;;) {
-				do i++; while(ids[i] > a);
-				do j--; while(ids[j] < a);
-				if (j < i) break;
-				MIDL_SWAP(ids[i],ids[j]);
-			}
-			ids[l+1] = ids[j];
-			ids[j] = a;
-			jstack += 2;
-			if (ir-i+1 >= j-l) {
-				istack[jstack] = ir;
-				istack[jstack-1] = i;
-				ir = j-1;
-			} else {
-				istack[jstack] = j-1;
-				istack[jstack-1] = l;
-				l = i;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-unsigned mdb_mid2l_search( MDB_ID2L ids, MDB_ID id )
-{
-	/*
-	 * binary search of id in ids
-	 * if found, returns position of id
-	 * if not found, returns first position greater than id
-	 */
-	unsigned base = 0;
-	unsigned cursor = 1;
-	int val = 0;
-	unsigned n = (unsigned)ids[0].mid;
-
-	while( 0 < n ) {
-		unsigned pivot = n >> 1;
-		cursor = base + pivot + 1;
-		val = CMP( id, ids[cursor].mid );
-
-		if( val < 0 ) {
-			n = pivot;
-
-		} else if ( val > 0 ) {
-			base = cursor;
-			n -= pivot + 1;
-
-		} else {
-			return cursor;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if( val > 0 ) {
-		++cursor;
-	}
-	return cursor;
-}
-
-int mdb_mid2l_insert( MDB_ID2L ids, MDB_ID2 *id )
-{
-	unsigned x, i;
-
-	x = mdb_mid2l_search( ids, id->mid );
-
-	if( x < 1 ) {
-		/* internal error */
-		return -2;
-	}
-
-	if ( x <= ids[0].mid && ids[x].mid == id->mid ) {
-		/* duplicate */
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	if ( ids[0].mid >= MDB_IDL_UM_MAX ) {
-		/* too big */
-		return -2;
-
-	} else {
-		/* insert id */
-		ids[0].mid++;
-		for (i=(unsigned)ids[0].mid; i>x; i--)
-			ids[i] = ids[i-1];
-		ids[x] = *id;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int mdb_mid2l_append( MDB_ID2L ids, MDB_ID2 *id )
-{
-	/* Too big? */
-	if (ids[0].mid >= MDB_IDL_UM_MAX) {
-		return -2;
-	}
-	ids[0].mid++;
-	ids[ids[0].mid] = *id;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/** @} */
-/** @} */

ext/lib/tpl.c

@@ -1,2489 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Copyright (c) 2005-2013, Troy D. Hanson     http://troydhanson.github.com/tpl/
-All rights reserved.
-
-Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
-    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
-THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
-IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
-TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
-PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
-OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
-EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
-PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
-NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
-SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-*/
-
-#define TPL_VERSION 1.6
-
-static const char id[]="$Id: tpl.c 192 2009-04-24 10:35:30Z thanson $";
-
-
-#include <stdlib.h>  /* malloc */
-#include <stdarg.h>  /* va_list */
-#include <string.h>  /* memcpy, memset, strchr */
-#include <stdio.h>   /* printf (tpl_hook.oops default function) */
-
-#ifndef _WIN32
-#include <unistd.h>     /* for ftruncate */
-#else
-#include <io.h>
-#define ftruncate(x,y) _chsize(x,y)
-#endif
-#include <sys/types.h>  /* for 'open' */
-#include <sys/stat.h>   /* for 'open' */
-#include <fcntl.h>      /* for 'open' */
-#include <errno.h>
-#ifndef _WIN32
-#include <inttypes.h>   /* uint32_t, uint64_t, etc */
-#else
-typedef unsigned short ushort;
-typedef __int16 int16_t;
-typedef __int32 int32_t;
-typedef __int64 int64_t;
-typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
-typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
-typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
-#endif
-
-#ifndef S_ISREG
-#define S_ISREG(mode)  (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
-#endif
-
-#if ( defined __CYGWIN__ || defined __MINGW32__ || defined _WIN32 )
-#include "win/mman.h"   /* mmap */
-#else
-#include <sys/mman.h>   /* mmap */
-#endif
-
-#include "tpl.h"
-
-#define TPL_GATHER_BUFLEN 8192
-#define TPL_MAGIC "tpl"
-
-/* macro to add a structure to a doubly-linked list */
-#define DL_ADD(head,add)                                        \
-    do {                                                        \
-        if (head) {                                             \
-            (add)->prev = (head)->prev;                         \
-            (head)->prev->next = (add);                         \
-            (head)->prev = (add);                               \
-            (add)->next = NULL;                                 \
-        } else {                                                \
-            (head)=(add);                                       \
-            (head)->prev = (head);                              \
-            (head)->next = NULL;                                \
-        }                                                       \
-    } while (0);
-
-#define fatal_oom() tpl_hook.fatal("out of memory\n")
-
-/* bit flags (internal). preceded by the external flags in tpl.h */
-#define TPL_WRONLY         (1 << 9)  /* app has initiated tpl packing  */
-#define TPL_RDONLY         (1 << 10)  /* tpl was loaded (for unpacking) */
-#define TPL_XENDIAN        (1 << 11)  /* swap endianness when unpacking */
-#define TPL_OLD_STRING_FMT (1 << 12) /* tpl has strings in 1.2 format */
-
-/* values for the flags byte that appears after the magic prefix */
-#define TPL_SUPPORTED_BITFLAGS 3
-#define TPL_FL_BIGENDIAN   (1 << 0)
-#define TPL_FL_NULLSTRINGS (1 << 1)
-
-/* char values for node type */
-#define TPL_TYPE_ROOT   0
-#define TPL_TYPE_INT32  1
-#define TPL_TYPE_UINT32 2
-#define TPL_TYPE_BYTE   3
-#define TPL_TYPE_STR    4
-#define TPL_TYPE_ARY    5
-#define TPL_TYPE_BIN    6
-#define TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE 7
-#define TPL_TYPE_INT64  8
-#define TPL_TYPE_UINT64 9
-#define TPL_TYPE_INT16  10
-#define TPL_TYPE_UINT16 11
-#define TPL_TYPE_POUND  12
-
-/* error codes */
-#define ERR_NOT_MINSIZE        (-1)
-#define ERR_MAGIC_MISMATCH     (-2)
-#define ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ    (-3)
-#define ERR_FMT_INVALID        (-4)
-#define ERR_FMT_MISSING_NUL    (-5)
-#define ERR_FMT_MISMATCH       (-6)
-#define ERR_FLEN_MISMATCH      (-7)
-#define ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ2   (-8)
-#define ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ3   (-9)
-#define ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ4   (-10)
-#define ERR_UNSUPPORTED_FLAGS  (-11)
-
-/* access to A(...) nodes by index */
-typedef struct tpl_pidx {
-    struct tpl_node *node;
-    struct tpl_pidx *next,*prev;
-} tpl_pidx;
-
-/* A(...) node datum */
-typedef struct tpl_atyp {
-    uint32_t num;    /* num elements */
-    size_t sz;       /* size of each backbone's datum */
-    struct tpl_backbone *bb,*bbtail; 
-    void *cur;                       
-} tpl_atyp;
-
-/* backbone to extend A(...) lists dynamically */
-typedef struct tpl_backbone {
-    struct tpl_backbone *next;
-    /* when this structure is malloc'd, extra space is alloc'd at the
-     * end to store the backbone "datum", and data points to it. */
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901
-    char *data;  
-#else
-    char data[];
-#endif
-} tpl_backbone;
-
-/* mmap record */
-typedef struct tpl_mmap_rec {
-    int fd;
-    void *text;
-    size_t text_sz;
-} tpl_mmap_rec;
-
-/* root node datum */
-typedef struct tpl_root_data {
-    int flags;
-    tpl_pidx *pidx;
-    tpl_mmap_rec mmap;
-    char *fmt;
-    int *fxlens, num_fxlens;
-} tpl_root_data;
-
-/* node type to size mapping */
-struct tpl_type_t {
-    char c;
-    int sz;
-};
-
-
-/* Internal prototypes */
-static tpl_node *tpl_node_new(tpl_node *parent);
-static tpl_node *tpl_find_i(tpl_node *n, int i);
-static void *tpl_cpv(void *datav, const void *data, size_t sz);
-static void *tpl_extend_backbone(tpl_node *n);
-static char *tpl_fmt(tpl_node *r);
-static void *tpl_dump_atyp(tpl_node *n, tpl_atyp* at, void *dv);
-static size_t tpl_ser_osz(tpl_node *n);
-static void tpl_free_atyp(tpl_node *n,tpl_atyp *atyp);
-static int tpl_dump_to_mem(tpl_node *r, void *addr, size_t sz);
-static int tpl_mmap_file(char *filename, tpl_mmap_rec *map_rec);
-static int tpl_mmap_output_file(char *filename, size_t sz, void **text_out);
-static int tpl_cpu_bigendian(void);
-static int tpl_needs_endian_swap(void *);
-static void tpl_byteswap(void *word, int len);
-static void tpl_fatal(const char *fmt, ...);
-static int tpl_serlen(tpl_node *r, tpl_node *n, void *dv, size_t *serlen);
-static int tpl_unpackA0(tpl_node *r);
-static int tpl_oops(const char *fmt, ...);
-static int tpl_gather_mem( char *buf, size_t len, tpl_gather_t **gs, tpl_gather_cb *cb, void *data);
-static int tpl_gather_nonblocking( int fd, tpl_gather_t **gs, tpl_gather_cb *cb, void *data);
-static int tpl_gather_blocking(int fd, void **img, size_t *sz);
-
-/* This is used internally to help calculate padding when a 'double' 
- * follows a smaller datatype in a structure. Normally under gcc
- * on x86, d will be aligned at +4, however use of -malign-double
- * causes d to be aligned at +8 (this is actually faster on x86).
- * Also SPARC and x86_64 seem to align always on +8. 
- */
-struct tpl_double_alignment_detector {
-    char a;
-    double d;  /* some platforms align this on +4, others on +8 */
-};
-
-/* this is another case where alignment varies. mac os x/gcc was observed
- * to align the int64_t at +4 under -m32 and at +8 under -m64 */
-struct tpl_int64_alignment_detector {
-    int i;
-    int64_t j;  /* some platforms align this on +4, others on +8 */
-};
-
-typedef struct {
-  size_t inter_elt_len; /* padded inter-element len; i.e. &a[1].field - &a[0].field */
-  tpl_node *iter_start_node; /* node to jump back to, as we start each new iteration */
-  size_t iternum; /* current iteration number (total req'd. iter's in n->num) */
-} tpl_pound_data;
-
-/* Hooks for customizing tpl mem alloc, error handling, etc. Set defaults. */
-tpl_hook_t tpl_hook = {
-    /* .oops =       */ tpl_oops,
-    /* .malloc =     */ malloc,
-    /* .realloc =    */ realloc,
-    /* .free =       */ free,
-    /* .fatal =      */ tpl_fatal,
-    /* .gather_max = */ 0 /* max tpl size (bytes) for tpl_gather */
-};
-
-static const char tpl_fmt_chars[] = "AS($)BiucsfIUjv#"; /* valid format chars */
-static const char tpl_S_fmt_chars[] = "iucsfIUjv#$()"; /* valid within S(...) */
-static const char tpl_datapeek_ok_chars[] = "iucsfIUjv"; /* valid in datapeek */
-static const struct tpl_type_t tpl_types[] = {
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_ROOT] =   */  {'r', 0},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_INT32] =  */  {'i', sizeof(int32_t)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_UINT32] = */  {'u', sizeof(uint32_t)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_BYTE] =   */  {'c', sizeof(char)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_STR] =    */  {'s', sizeof(char*)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_ARY] =    */  {'A', 0},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_BIN] =    */  {'B', 0},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE] = */  {'f', 8}, /* not sizeof(double) as that varies */
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_INT64] =  */  {'I', sizeof(int64_t)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_UINT64] = */  {'U', sizeof(uint64_t)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_INT16] =  */  {'j', sizeof(int16_t)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_UINT16] = */  {'v', sizeof(uint16_t)},
-    /* [TPL_TYPE_POUND] =  */  {'#', 0},
-};
-
-/* default error-reporting function. Just writes to stderr. */
-static int tpl_oops(const char *fmt, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap,fmt);
-    vfprintf(stderr,fmt,ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-
-static tpl_node *tpl_node_new(tpl_node *parent) {
-    tpl_node *n;
-    if ((n=tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_node))) == NULL) {
-        fatal_oom();
-    }
-    n->addr=NULL;
-    n->data=NULL;
-    n->num=1;
-    n->ser_osz=0;
-    n->children=NULL;
-    n->next=NULL;
-    n->parent=parent;
-    return n;
-}
-
-/* Used in S(..) formats to pack several fields from a structure based on 
- * only the structure address. We need to calculate field addresses 
- * manually taking into account the size of the fields and intervening padding.
- * The wrinkle is that double is not normally aligned on x86-32 but the
- * -malign-double compiler option causes it to be. Double are aligned
- * on Sparc, and apparently on 64 bit x86. We use a helper structure 
- * to detect whether double is aligned in this compilation environment.
- */
-char *calc_field_addr(tpl_node *parent, int type,char *struct_addr, int ordinal) {
-    tpl_node *prev;
-    int offset;
-    int align_sz;
-
-    if (ordinal == 1) return struct_addr;  /* first field starts on structure address */
-
-    /* generate enough padding so field addr is divisible by it's align_sz. 4, 8, etc */
-    prev = parent->children->prev; 
-    switch(type) {
-      case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-        align_sz = sizeof(struct tpl_double_alignment_detector) > 12 ? 8 : 4; 
-        break;
-      case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-      case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-        align_sz = sizeof(struct tpl_int64_alignment_detector) > 12 ? 8 : 4; 
-        break;
-      default:
-        align_sz = tpl_types[type].sz;
-        break;
-    }
-    offset = ((uintptr_t)prev->addr - (uintptr_t)struct_addr)
-            + (tpl_types[prev->type].sz * prev->num);
-    offset = (offset + align_sz - 1) / align_sz * align_sz;
-    return struct_addr + offset;
-}
-
-TPL_API tpl_node *tpl_map(char *fmt,...) {
-  va_list ap;
-  tpl_node *tn;
-
-  va_start(ap,fmt);
-  tn = tpl_map_va(fmt, ap);
-  va_end(ap);
-  return tn;
-}
-
-TPL_API tpl_node *tpl_map_va(char *fmt, va_list ap) {
-    int lparen_level=0,expect_lparen=0,t=0,in_structure=0,ordinal=0;
-    int in_nested_structure=0;
-    char *c, *peek, *struct_addr=NULL, *struct_next;
-    tpl_node *root,*parent,*n=NULL,*preceding,*iter_start_node=NULL,
-             *struct_widest_node=NULL, *np; tpl_pidx *pidx;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    int *fxlens, num_fxlens, pound_num, pound_prod, applies_to_struct;
-    int contig_fxlens[10]; /* temp space for contiguous fxlens */
-    int num_contig_fxlens, i, j;
-    ptrdiff_t inter_elt_len=0; /* padded element length of contiguous structs in array */
-
-
-    root = tpl_node_new(NULL);
-    root->type = TPL_TYPE_ROOT; 
-    root->data = (tpl_root_data*)tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_root_data));
-    if (!root->data) fatal_oom();
-    memset((tpl_root_data*)root->data,0,sizeof(tpl_root_data));
-
-    /* set up root nodes special ser_osz to reflect overhead of preamble */
-    root->ser_osz =  sizeof(uint32_t); /* tpl leading length */
-    root->ser_osz += strlen(fmt) + 1;  /* fmt + NUL-terminator */
-    root->ser_osz += 4;                /* 'tpl' magic prefix + flags byte */
-
-    parent=root;
-
-    c=fmt;
-    while (*c != '\0') {
-        switch (*c) {
-            case 'c':
-            case 'i':
-            case 'u':
-            case 'j':
-            case 'v':
-            case 'I':
-            case 'U':
-            case 'f':
-                if      (*c=='c') t=TPL_TYPE_BYTE;
-                else if (*c=='i') t=TPL_TYPE_INT32;
-                else if (*c=='u') t=TPL_TYPE_UINT32;
-                else if (*c=='j') t=TPL_TYPE_INT16;
-                else if (*c=='v') t=TPL_TYPE_UINT16;
-                else if (*c=='I') t=TPL_TYPE_INT64;
-                else if (*c=='U') t=TPL_TYPE_UINT64;
-                else if (*c=='f') t=TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE;
-
-                if (expect_lparen) goto fail;
-                n = tpl_node_new(parent);
-                n->type = t;
-                if (in_structure) {
-                    if (ordinal == 1) {
-                      /* for S(...)# iteration. Apply any changes to case 's' too!!! */
-                      iter_start_node = n; 
-                      struct_widest_node = n;
-                    }
-                    if (tpl_types[n->type].sz > tpl_types[struct_widest_node->type].sz) {
-                      struct_widest_node = n;
-                    }
-                    n->addr = calc_field_addr(parent,n->type,struct_addr,ordinal++);
-                } else n->addr = (void*)va_arg(ap,void*);
-                n->data = tpl_hook.malloc(tpl_types[t].sz);
-                if (!n->data) fatal_oom();
-                if (n->parent->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) 
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(n->parent->data))->sz += tpl_types[t].sz;
-                DL_ADD(parent->children,n);
-                break;
-            case 's':
-                if (expect_lparen) goto fail;
-                n = tpl_node_new(parent);
-                n->type = TPL_TYPE_STR;
-                if (in_structure) {
-                    if (ordinal == 1) {
-                      iter_start_node = n; /* for S(...)# iteration */
-                      struct_widest_node = n;
-                    }
-                    if (tpl_types[n->type].sz > tpl_types[struct_widest_node->type].sz) {
-                      struct_widest_node = n;
-                    }
-                    n->addr = calc_field_addr(parent,n->type,struct_addr,ordinal++);
-                } else n->addr = (void*)va_arg(ap,void*);
-                n->data = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(char*));
-                if (!n->data) fatal_oom();
-                *(char**)(n->data) = NULL;
-                if (n->parent->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) 
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(n->parent->data))->sz += sizeof(void*);
-                DL_ADD(parent->children,n);
-                break;
-            case '#':
-                /* apply a 'num' to preceding atom */
-                if (!parent->children) goto fail;
-                preceding = parent->children->prev; /* first child's prev is 'last child'*/
-                t = preceding->type;
-                applies_to_struct = (*(c-1) == ')') ? 1 : 0;
-                if (!applies_to_struct) {
-                  if (!(t == TPL_TYPE_BYTE   || t == TPL_TYPE_INT32 ||
-                        t == TPL_TYPE_UINT32 || t == TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE ||
-                        t == TPL_TYPE_UINT64 || t == TPL_TYPE_INT64 || 
-                        t == TPL_TYPE_UINT16 || t == TPL_TYPE_INT16 || 
-                        t == TPL_TYPE_STR )) goto fail;
-                }
-                /* count up how many contiguous # and form their product */
-                pound_prod=1;
-                num_contig_fxlens=0;
-                for(peek=c; *peek == '#'; peek++) {
-                  pound_num = va_arg(ap, int);
-                  if (pound_num < 1) {
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("non-positive iteration count %d\n", pound_num);
-                  }
-                  if (num_contig_fxlens >= (sizeof(contig_fxlens)/sizeof(contig_fxlens[0]))) {
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("contiguous # exceeds hardcoded limit\n");
-                  }
-                  contig_fxlens[num_contig_fxlens++] = pound_num;
-                  pound_prod *= pound_num;
-                }
-                /* increment c to skip contiguous # so its points to last one */
-                c = peek-1;
-                /* differentiate atom-# from struct-# by noting preceding rparen */
-                if (applies_to_struct) { /* insert # node to induce looping */
-                  n = tpl_node_new(parent);
-                  n->type = TPL_TYPE_POUND;
-                  n->num = pound_prod;
-                  n->data = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_pound_data));
-                  if (!n->data) fatal_oom();
-                  pd = (tpl_pound_data*)n->data;
-                  pd->inter_elt_len = inter_elt_len;
-                  pd->iter_start_node = iter_start_node; 
-                  pd->iternum = 0;
-                  DL_ADD(parent->children,n);
-                  /* multiply the 'num' and data space on each atom in the structure */
-                  for(np = iter_start_node; np != n; np = np->next) {
-                    if (n->parent->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-                      ((tpl_atyp*)(n->parent->data))->sz += 
-                         tpl_types[np->type].sz * (np->num * (n->num - 1));
-                    }
-                    np->data = tpl_hook.realloc(np->data, tpl_types[np->type].sz * 
-                                                          np->num * n->num);
-                    if (!np->data) fatal_oom();
-                    memset(np->data, 0, tpl_types[np->type].sz * np->num * n->num);
-                  }
-                } else { /* simple atom-# form does not require a loop */
-                  preceding->num = pound_prod;
-                  preceding->data = tpl_hook.realloc(preceding->data, 
-                      tpl_types[t].sz * preceding->num);
-                  if (!preceding->data) fatal_oom();
-                  memset(preceding->data,0,tpl_types[t].sz * preceding->num);
-                  if (n->parent->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-                      ((tpl_atyp*)(n->parent->data))->sz += tpl_types[t].sz * 
-                                                            (preceding->num-1);
-                  }
-                }
-                root->ser_osz += (sizeof(uint32_t) * num_contig_fxlens);
-
-                j = ((tpl_root_data*)root->data)->num_fxlens; /* before incrementing */
-                (((tpl_root_data*)root->data)->num_fxlens) += num_contig_fxlens;
-                num_fxlens = ((tpl_root_data*)root->data)->num_fxlens; /* new value */
-                fxlens = ((tpl_root_data*)root->data)->fxlens;
-                fxlens = tpl_hook.realloc(fxlens, sizeof(int) * num_fxlens);
-                if (!fxlens) fatal_oom();
-                ((tpl_root_data*)root->data)->fxlens = fxlens;
-                for(i=0; i < num_contig_fxlens; i++) fxlens[j++] = contig_fxlens[i];
-
-                break;
-            case 'B':
-                if (expect_lparen) goto fail;
-                if (in_structure) goto fail;
-                n = tpl_node_new(parent);
-                n->type = TPL_TYPE_BIN;
-                n->addr = (tpl_bin*)va_arg(ap,void*);
-                n->data = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_bin*));
-                if (!n->data) fatal_oom();
-                *((tpl_bin**)n->data) = NULL;
-                if (n->parent->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) 
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(n->parent->data))->sz += sizeof(tpl_bin);
-                DL_ADD(parent->children,n);
-                break;
-            case 'A':
-                if (in_structure) goto fail;
-                n = tpl_node_new(parent);
-                n->type = TPL_TYPE_ARY;
-                DL_ADD(parent->children,n);
-                parent = n;
-                expect_lparen=1;
-                pidx = (tpl_pidx*)tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_pidx));
-                if (!pidx) fatal_oom();
-                pidx->node = n;
-                pidx->next = NULL;
-                DL_ADD(((tpl_root_data*)(root->data))->pidx,pidx);
-                /* set up the A's tpl_atyp */
-                n->data = (tpl_atyp*)tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_atyp));
-                if (!n->data) fatal_oom();
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->num = 0;
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->sz = 0;
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bb = NULL;
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bbtail = NULL;
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->cur = NULL;
-                if (n->parent->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) 
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(n->parent->data))->sz += sizeof(void*);
-                break;
-            case 'S':
-                if (in_structure) goto fail;
-                expect_lparen=1;
-                ordinal=1;  /* index upcoming atoms in S(..) */
-                in_structure=1+lparen_level; /* so we can tell where S fmt ends */
-                struct_addr = (char*)va_arg(ap,void*);
-                break;
-            case '$': /* nested structure */
-                if (!in_structure) goto fail;
-                expect_lparen=1;
-                in_nested_structure++;
-                break;
-            case ')':
-                lparen_level--;
-                if (lparen_level < 0) goto fail;
-                if (*(c-1) == '(') goto fail;
-                if (in_nested_structure) in_nested_structure--;
-                else if (in_structure && (in_structure-1 == lparen_level)) {
-                  /* calculate delta between contiguous structures in array */
-                  struct_next = calc_field_addr(parent, struct_widest_node->type, 
-                                                struct_addr, ordinal++);
-                  inter_elt_len = struct_next - struct_addr;
-                  in_structure=0;
-                }
-                else parent = parent->parent; /* rparen ends A() type, not S() type */
-                break;
-            case '(':
-                if (!expect_lparen) goto fail;
-                expect_lparen=0;
-                lparen_level++;
-                break;
-            default:
-                tpl_hook.oops("unsupported option %c\n", *c);
-                goto fail;
-        }
-        c++;
-    }
-    if (lparen_level != 0) goto fail;
-
-    /* copy the format string, save for convenience */
-    ((tpl_root_data*)(root->data))->fmt = tpl_hook.malloc(strlen(fmt)+1);
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(root->data))->fmt == NULL) 
-        fatal_oom();
-    memcpy(((tpl_root_data*)(root->data))->fmt,fmt,strlen(fmt)+1);
-
-    return root;
-
-fail:
-    tpl_hook.oops("failed to parse %s\n", fmt);
-    tpl_free(root);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static int tpl_unmap_file( tpl_mmap_rec *mr) {
-
-    if ( munmap( mr->text, mr->text_sz ) == -1 ) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("Failed to munmap: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-    }
-    close(mr->fd);
-    mr->text = NULL;
-    mr->text_sz = 0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void tpl_free_keep_map(tpl_node *r) {
-    int mmap_bits = (TPL_RDONLY|TPL_FILE);
-    int ufree_bits = (TPL_MEM|TPL_UFREE);
-    tpl_node *nxtc,*c;
-    int find_next_node=0,looking,i;
-    size_t sz;
-
-    /* For mmap'd files, or for 'ufree' memory images , do appropriate release */
-    if ((((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & mmap_bits) == mmap_bits) {
-        tpl_unmap_file( &((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap); 
-    } else if ((((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & ufree_bits) == ufree_bits) {
-        tpl_hook.free( ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text );
-    }
-
-    c = r->children;
-    if (c) {
-        while(c->type != TPL_TYPE_ROOT) {    /* loop until we come back to root node */
-            switch (c->type) {
-                case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                    /* free any binary buffer hanging from tpl_bin */
-                    if ( *((tpl_bin**)(c->data)) ) {
-                        if ( (*((tpl_bin**)(c->data)))->addr ) {
-                            tpl_hook.free( (*((tpl_bin**)(c->data)))->addr );
-                        }
-                        *((tpl_bin**)c->data) = NULL; /* reset tpl_bin */
-                    }
-                    find_next_node=1;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                    /* free any packed (copied) string */
-                    for(i=0; i < c->num; i++) {
-                      char *str = ((char**)c->data)[i];
-                      if (str) {
-                        tpl_hook.free(str);
-                        ((char**)c->data)[i] = NULL;
-                      }
-                    }
-                    find_next_node=1;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                    find_next_node=1;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                    c->ser_osz = 0; /* zero out the serialization output size */
-
-                    sz = ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->sz;  /* save sz to use below */
-                    tpl_free_atyp(c,c->data);
-
-                    /* make new atyp */
-                    c->data = (tpl_atyp*)tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_atyp));
-                    if (!c->data) fatal_oom();
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->num = 0;
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->sz = sz;  /* restore bb datum sz */
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->bb = NULL;
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->bbtail = NULL;
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->cur = NULL;
-
-                    c = c->children; 
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            if (find_next_node) {
-                find_next_node=0;
-                looking=1;
-                while(looking) {
-                    if (c->next) {
-                        nxtc=c->next;
-                        c=nxtc;
-                        looking=0;
-                    } else {
-                        if (c->type == TPL_TYPE_ROOT) break; /* root node */
-                        else {
-                            nxtc=c->parent;
-                            c=nxtc;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags = 0;  /* reset flags */
-}
-
-TPL_API void tpl_free(tpl_node *r) {
-    int mmap_bits = (TPL_RDONLY|TPL_FILE);
-    int ufree_bits = (TPL_MEM|TPL_UFREE);
-    tpl_node *nxtc,*c;
-    int find_next_node=0,looking,num,i;
-    tpl_pidx *pidx,*pidx_nxt;
-
-    /* For mmap'd files, or for 'ufree' memory images , do appropriate release */
-    if ((((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & mmap_bits) == mmap_bits) {
-        tpl_unmap_file( &((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap); 
-    } else if ((((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & ufree_bits) == ufree_bits) {
-        tpl_hook.free( ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text );
-    }
-
-    c = r->children;
-    if (c) {
-        while(c->type != TPL_TYPE_ROOT) {    /* loop until we come back to root node */
-            switch (c->type) {
-                case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                    /* free any binary buffer hanging from tpl_bin */
-                    if ( *((tpl_bin**)(c->data)) ) {
-                        if ( (*((tpl_bin**)(c->data)))->sz != 0 ) {
-                            tpl_hook.free( (*((tpl_bin**)(c->data)))->addr );
-                        }
-                        tpl_hook.free(*((tpl_bin**)c->data)); /* free tpl_bin */
-                    }
-                    tpl_hook.free(c->data);  /* free tpl_bin* */
-                    find_next_node=1;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                    /* free any packed (copied) string */
-                    num = 1;
-                    nxtc = c->next;
-                    while (nxtc) {
-                        if (nxtc->type == TPL_TYPE_POUND) {
-                            num = nxtc->num;
-                        }
-                        nxtc = nxtc->next;
-                    }
-                    for (i = 0; i < c->num * num; i++) {
-                        char *str = ((char**)c->data)[i];
-                        if (str) {
-                            tpl_hook.free(str);
-                            ((char**)c->data)[i] = NULL;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    tpl_hook.free(c->data);
-                    find_next_node=1;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                    tpl_hook.free(c->data);
-                    find_next_node=1;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                    tpl_free_atyp(c,c->data);
-                    if (c->children) c = c->children; /* normal case */
-                    else find_next_node=1; /* edge case, handle bad format A() */
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                    break;
-            }
-
-            if (find_next_node) {
-                find_next_node=0;
-                looking=1;
-                while(looking) {
-                    if (c->next) {
-                        nxtc=c->next;
-                        tpl_hook.free(c);
-                        c=nxtc;
-                        looking=0;
-                    } else {
-                        if (c->type == TPL_TYPE_ROOT) break; /* root node */
-                        else {
-                            nxtc=c->parent;
-                            tpl_hook.free(c);
-                            c=nxtc;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* free root */
-    for(pidx=((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->pidx; pidx; pidx=pidx_nxt) {
-        pidx_nxt = pidx->next;
-        tpl_hook.free(pidx);
-    }
-    tpl_hook.free(((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->fmt);
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->num_fxlens > 0) {
-        tpl_hook.free(((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->fxlens);
-    }
-    tpl_hook.free(r->data);  /* tpl_root_data */
-    tpl_hook.free(r);
-}
-
-
-/* Find the i'th packable ('A' node) */
-static tpl_node *tpl_find_i(tpl_node *n, int i) {
-    int j=0;
-    tpl_pidx *pidx;
-    if (n->type != TPL_TYPE_ROOT) return NULL;
-    if (i == 0) return n;  /* packable 0 is root */
-    for(pidx=((tpl_root_data*)(n->data))->pidx; pidx; pidx=pidx->next) {
-        if (++j == i) return pidx->node;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-static void *tpl_cpv(void *datav, const void *data, size_t sz) {
-    if (sz>0) memcpy(datav,data,sz);
-    return (void*)((uintptr_t)datav + sz);
-}
-
-static void *tpl_extend_backbone(tpl_node *n) {
-    tpl_backbone *bb;
-    bb = (tpl_backbone*)tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_backbone) +
-      ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->sz );  /* datum hangs on coattails of bb */
-    if (!bb) fatal_oom();
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ < 199901
-    bb->data = (char*)((uintptr_t)bb + sizeof(tpl_backbone)); 
-#endif
-    memset(bb->data,0,((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->sz);
-    bb->next = NULL;
-    /* Add the new backbone to the tail, also setting head if necessary  */
-    if (((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bb == NULL) {
-        ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bb = bb;
-        ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bbtail = bb;
-    } else {
-        ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bbtail->next = bb;
-        ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->bbtail = bb;
-    }
-
-    ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->num++;
-    return bb->data;
-}
-
-/* Get the format string corresponding to a given tpl (root node) */
-static char *tpl_fmt(tpl_node *r) {
-    return ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->fmt;
-}
-
-/* Get the fmt # lengths as a contiguous buffer of ints (length num_fxlens) */
-static int *tpl_fxlens(tpl_node *r, int *num_fxlens) {
-    *num_fxlens = ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->num_fxlens;
-    return ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->fxlens;
-}
-
-/* called when serializing an 'A' type node into a buffer which has
- * already been set up with the proper space. The backbone is walked
- * which was obtained from the tpl_atyp header passed in. 
- */
-static void *tpl_dump_atyp(tpl_node *n, tpl_atyp* at, void *dv) {
-    tpl_backbone *bb;
-    tpl_node *c;
-    void *datav;
-    uint32_t slen;
-    tpl_bin *binp;
-    char *strp;
-    tpl_atyp *atypp;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    int i;
-    size_t itermax;
-
-    /* handle 'A' nodes */
-    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&at->num,sizeof(uint32_t));  /* array len */
-    for(bb=at->bb; bb; bb=bb->next) {
-        datav = bb->data;
-        c=n->children;
-        while(c) {
-            switch (c->type) {
-                case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,datav,tpl_types[c->type].sz * c->num);
-                    datav = (void*)((uintptr_t)datav + tpl_types[c->type].sz * c->num);
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                    /* dump the buffer length followed by the buffer */
-                    memcpy(&binp,datav,sizeof(tpl_bin*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                    slen = binp->sz;
-                    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&slen,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,binp->addr,slen);
-                    datav = (void*)((uintptr_t)datav + sizeof(tpl_bin*));
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                    /* dump the string length followed by the string */
-                    for(i=0; i < c->num; i++) {
-                      memcpy(&strp,datav,sizeof(char*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                      slen = strp ? (strlen(strp)+1) : 0;
-                      dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&slen,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                      if (slen > 1) dv = tpl_cpv(dv,strp,slen-1);
-                      datav = (void*)((uintptr_t)datav + sizeof(char*));
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                    memcpy(&atypp,datav,sizeof(tpl_atyp*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                    dv = tpl_dump_atyp(c,atypp,dv);
-                    datav = (void*)((uintptr_t)datav + sizeof(void*));
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                    /* iterate over the preceding nodes */
-                    pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                    itermax = c->num;
-                    if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-                      c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                      continue;
-                    } else { /* loop complete. */
-                      pd->iternum = 0;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                    break;
-            }
-            c=c->next;
-        }
-    }
-    return dv;
-}
-
-/* figure the serialization output size needed for tpl whose root is n*/
-static size_t tpl_ser_osz(tpl_node *n) {
-    tpl_node *c, *np;
-    size_t sz, itermax;
-    tpl_bin *binp;
-    char *strp;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    int i;
-
-    /* handle the root node ONLY (subtree's ser_osz have been bubbled-up) */
-    if (n->type != TPL_TYPE_ROOT) {
-        tpl_hook.fatal("internal error: tpl_ser_osz on non-root node\n");
-    }
-
-    sz = n->ser_osz;    /* start with fixed overhead, already stored */
-    c=n->children;
-    while (c) {
-        switch (c->type) {
-            case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                sz += tpl_types[c->type].sz * c->num;
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                sz += sizeof(uint32_t);  /* binary buf len */
-                memcpy(&binp,c->data,sizeof(tpl_bin*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                sz += binp->sz; 
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                for(i=0; i < c->num; i++) {
-                  sz += sizeof(uint32_t);  /* string len */
-                  memcpy(&strp,&((char**)c->data)[i],sizeof(char*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                  sz += strp ? strlen(strp) : 0;
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                sz += sizeof(uint32_t);  /* array len */
-                sz += c->ser_osz;        /* bubbled-up child array ser_osz */
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                /* iterate over the preceding nodes */
-                itermax = c->num;
-                pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-                  for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != c; np = np->next) {
-                     np->data = (char*)(np->data) + 
-                                (tpl_types[np->type].sz * np->num);
-                  }
-                  c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                  continue;
-                } else { /* loop complete. */
-                  pd->iternum = 0;
-                  for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != c; np = np->next) {
-                     np->data = (char*)(np->data) - ((itermax-1) * 
-                                                     tpl_types[np->type].sz * 
-                                                     np->num);
-                  }
-                }
-                break;
-            default:
-                tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                break;
-        }
-        c=c->next;
-    }
-    return sz;
-}
-
-
-TPL_API int tpl_dump(tpl_node *r, int mode, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    char *filename, *bufv;
-    void **addr_out,*buf, *pa_addr;
-    int fd,rc=0;
-    size_t sz,*sz_out, pa_sz;
-    struct stat sbuf;
-
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_RDONLY) {  /* unusual */
-        tpl_hook.oops("error: tpl_dump called for a loaded tpl\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    sz = tpl_ser_osz(r); /* compute the size needed to serialize  */
-
-    va_start(ap,mode);
-    if (mode & TPL_FILE) {
-        filename = va_arg(ap,char*);
-        fd = tpl_mmap_output_file(filename, sz, &buf);
-        if (fd == -1) rc = -1;
-        else {
-            rc = tpl_dump_to_mem(r,buf,sz);
-            if (msync(buf,sz,MS_SYNC) == -1) {
-                tpl_hook.oops("msync failed on fd %d: %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
-            }
-            if (munmap(buf, sz) == -1) {
-                tpl_hook.oops("munmap failed on fd %d: %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
-            }
-            close(fd);
-        }
-    } else if (mode & TPL_FD) {
-        fd = va_arg(ap, int);
-        if ( (buf = tpl_hook.malloc(sz)) == NULL) fatal_oom();
-        tpl_dump_to_mem(r,buf,sz);
-        bufv = buf;
-        do {
-            rc = write(fd,bufv,sz);
-            if (rc > 0) {
-                sz -= rc;
-                bufv += rc;
-            } else if (rc == -1) {
-                if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) continue;
-                tpl_hook.oops("error writing to fd %d: %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
-                /* attempt to rewind partial write to a regular file */
-                if (fstat(fd,&sbuf) == 0 && S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) {
-                  if (ftruncate(fd,sbuf.st_size - (bufv-(char*)buf)) == -1) {
-                    tpl_hook.oops("can't rewind: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-                  }
-                }
-                free(buf);
-                return -1;
-            }
-        } while (sz > 0);
-        free(buf);
-        rc = 0;
-    } else if (mode & TPL_MEM) {
-        if (mode & TPL_PREALLOCD) { /* caller allocated */
-          pa_addr = (void*)va_arg(ap, void*);
-          pa_sz = va_arg(ap, size_t);
-          if (pa_sz < sz) {
-              tpl_hook.oops("tpl_dump: buffer too small, need %d bytes\n", sz);
-              return -1;
-          }
-          rc=tpl_dump_to_mem(r,pa_addr,sz);
-        } else { /* we allocate */
-          addr_out = (void**)va_arg(ap, void*);
-          sz_out = va_arg(ap, size_t*);
-          if ( (buf = tpl_hook.malloc(sz)) == NULL) fatal_oom();
-          *sz_out = sz;
-          *addr_out = buf;
-          rc=tpl_dump_to_mem(r,buf,sz);
-        }
-    } else if (mode & TPL_GETSIZE) {
-        sz_out = va_arg(ap, size_t*);
-        *sz_out = sz;
-    } else {
-        tpl_hook.oops("unsupported tpl_dump mode %d\n", mode);
-        rc=-1;
-    }
-    va_end(ap);
-    return rc;
-}
-
-/* This function expects the caller to have set up a memory buffer of 
- * adequate size to hold the serialized tpl. The sz parameter must be
- * the result of tpl_ser_osz(r).
- */
-static int tpl_dump_to_mem(tpl_node *r,void *addr,size_t sz) {
-    uint32_t slen, sz32;
-    int *fxlens, num_fxlens, i;
-    void *dv;
-    char *fmt,flags;
-    tpl_node *c, *np;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    size_t itermax;
-
-    fmt = tpl_fmt(r);
-    flags = 0;
-    if (tpl_cpu_bigendian()) flags |= TPL_FL_BIGENDIAN;
-    if (strchr(fmt,'s')) flags |= TPL_FL_NULLSTRINGS;
-    sz32 = sz; 
-
-    dv = addr;
-    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,TPL_MAGIC,3);         /* copy tpl magic prefix */
-    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&flags,1);            /* copy flags byte */
-    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&sz32,sizeof(uint32_t));/* overall length (inclusive) */
-    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,fmt,strlen(fmt)+1);   /* copy format with NUL-term */
-    fxlens = tpl_fxlens(r,&num_fxlens);
-    dv = tpl_cpv(dv,fxlens,num_fxlens*sizeof(uint32_t));/* fmt # lengths */
-
-    /* serialize the tpl content, iterating over direct children of root */
-    c = r->children;
-    while (c) {
-        switch (c->type) {
-            case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                dv = tpl_cpv(dv,c->data,tpl_types[c->type].sz * c->num);
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                slen = (*(tpl_bin**)(c->data))->sz;
-                dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&slen,sizeof(uint32_t));  /* buffer len */
-                dv = tpl_cpv(dv,(*(tpl_bin**)(c->data))->addr,slen); /* buf */
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                for(i=0; i < c->num; i++) {
-                  char *str = ((char**)c->data)[i];
-                  slen = str ? strlen(str)+1 : 0;
-                  dv = tpl_cpv(dv,&slen,sizeof(uint32_t));  /* string len */
-                  if (slen>1) dv = tpl_cpv(dv,str,slen-1); /*string*/
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                dv = tpl_dump_atyp(c,(tpl_atyp*)c->data,dv);
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                 pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                 itermax = c->num;
-                 if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-
-                   /* in start or midst of loop. advance data pointers. */
-                   for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != c; np = np->next) {
-                     np->data = (char*)(np->data) + 
-                                (tpl_types[np->type].sz * np->num);
-                   }
-                   /* do next iteration */
-                   c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                   continue;
-
-                 } else { /* loop complete. */
-                 
-                   /* reset iteration index and addr/data pointers. */
-                   pd->iternum = 0;
-                   for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != c; np = np->next) {
-                     np->data = (char*)(np->data) - ((itermax-1) * 
-                                                     tpl_types[np->type].sz * 
-                                                     np->num);
-                   }
-
-                 }
-                 break;
-            default:
-                tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                break;
-        }
-        c = c->next;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int tpl_cpu_bigendian() {
-   unsigned i = 1;
-   char *c;
-   c = (char*)&i;
-   return (c[0] == 1 ? 0 : 1);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * algorithm for sanity-checking a tpl image:
- * scan the tpl whilst not exceeding the buffer size (bufsz) ,
- * formulating a calculated (expected) size of the tpl based
- * on walking its data. When calcsize has been calculated it
- * should exactly match the buffer size (bufsz) and the internal
- * recorded size (intlsz)
- */
-static int tpl_sanity(tpl_node *r, int excess_ok) {
-    uint32_t intlsz;
-    int found_nul=0,rc, octothorpes=0, num_fxlens, *fxlens, flen;
-    void *d, *dv;
-    char intlflags, *fmt, c, *mapfmt;
-    size_t bufsz, serlen;
-
-    d = ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text;
-    bufsz = ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text_sz;
-
-    dv = d;
-    if (bufsz < (4 + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1)) return ERR_NOT_MINSIZE; /* min sz: magic+flags+len+nul */
-    if (memcmp(dv,TPL_MAGIC, 3) != 0) return ERR_MAGIC_MISMATCH; /* missing tpl magic prefix */
-    if (tpl_needs_endian_swap(dv)) ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags |= TPL_XENDIAN;
-    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + 3);
-    memcpy(&intlflags,dv,sizeof(char));  /* extract flags */
-    if (intlflags & ~TPL_SUPPORTED_BITFLAGS) return ERR_UNSUPPORTED_FLAGS;
-    /* TPL1.3 stores strings with a "length+1" prefix to discern NULL strings from
-       empty strings from non-empty strings; TPL1.2 only handled the latter two. 
-       So we need to be mindful of which string format we're reading from. */
-    if (!(intlflags & TPL_FL_NULLSTRINGS)) {
-      ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags |= TPL_OLD_STRING_FMT;
-    }
-    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + 1);
-    memcpy(&intlsz,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));  /* extract internal size */
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN) tpl_byteswap(&intlsz, sizeof(uint32_t));
-    if (!excess_ok && (intlsz != bufsz)) return ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ;  /* inconsisent buffer/internal size */
-    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-
-    /* dv points to the start of the format string. Look for nul w/in buf sz */
-    fmt = (char*)dv;
-    while ((uintptr_t)dv-(uintptr_t)d < bufsz && !found_nul) {
-        if ( (c = *(char*)dv) != '\0') {
-            if (strchr(tpl_fmt_chars,c) == NULL) 
-               return ERR_FMT_INVALID;  /* invalid char in format string */
-            if ( (c = *(char*)dv) == '#') octothorpes++;
-            dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + 1);
-        }
-        else found_nul = 1;
-    }
-    if (!found_nul) return ERR_FMT_MISSING_NUL;  /* runaway format string */
-    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + 1);   /* advance to octothorpe lengths buffer */
-    
-    /* compare the map format to the format of this tpl image */
-    mapfmt = tpl_fmt(r);
-    rc = strcmp(mapfmt,fmt);
-    if (rc != 0) return ERR_FMT_MISMATCH; 
-
-    /* compare octothorpe lengths in image to the mapped values */
-    if ((((uintptr_t)dv + (octothorpes * 4)) - (uintptr_t)d) > bufsz) return ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ4;
-    fxlens = tpl_fxlens(r,&num_fxlens);  /* mapped fxlens */
-    while(num_fxlens--) {
-        memcpy(&flen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t)); /* stored flen */
-        if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN) tpl_byteswap(&flen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-        if (flen != *fxlens) return ERR_FLEN_MISMATCH;
-        dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-        fxlens++;
-    }
-
-    /* dv now points to beginning of data */
-    rc = tpl_serlen(r,r,dv,&serlen);  /* get computed serlen of data part */
-    if (rc == -1) return ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ2; /* internal inconsistency in tpl image */
-    serlen += ((uintptr_t)dv - (uintptr_t)d);   /* add back serlen of preamble part */
-    if (excess_ok && (bufsz < serlen)) return ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ3;  
-    if (!excess_ok && (serlen != bufsz)) return ERR_INCONSISTENT_SZ3;  /* buffer/internal sz exceeds serlen */
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void *tpl_find_data_start(void *d) {
-    int octothorpes=0;
-    d = (void*)((uintptr_t)d + 4); /* skip TPL_MAGIC and flags byte */
-    d = (void*)((uintptr_t)d + 4); /* skip int32 overall len */
-    while(*(char*)d != '\0') {
-        if (*(char*)d == '#') octothorpes++;
-        d = (void*)((uintptr_t)d + 1);
-    }
-    d = (void*)((uintptr_t)d +  1);  /* skip NUL */
-    d = (void*)((uintptr_t)d +  (octothorpes * sizeof(uint32_t)));  /* skip # array lens */
-    return d;
-}
-
-static int tpl_needs_endian_swap(void *d) {
-    char *c;
-    int cpu_is_bigendian;
-    c = (char*)d;
-    cpu_is_bigendian = tpl_cpu_bigendian();
-    return ((c[3] & TPL_FL_BIGENDIAN) == cpu_is_bigendian) ? 0 : 1;
-}
-
-static size_t tpl_size_for(char c) {
-  int i;
-  for(i=0; i < sizeof(tpl_types)/sizeof(tpl_types[0]); i++) {
-    if (tpl_types[i].c == c) return tpl_types[i].sz;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-TPL_API char* tpl_peek(int mode, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    int xendian=0,found_nul=0,old_string_format=0;
-    char *filename=NULL, *datapeek_f=NULL, *datapeek_c, *datapeek_s;
-    void *addr=NULL, *dv, *datapeek_p=NULL;
-    size_t sz=0, fmt_len, first_atom, num_fxlens=0;
-    uint32_t datapeek_ssz, datapeek_csz, datapeek_flen;
-    tpl_mmap_rec mr = {0,NULL,0};
-    char *fmt,*fmt_cpy=NULL,c;
-    uint32_t intlsz, **fxlens=NULL, *num_fxlens_out=NULL, *fxlensv;
-
-    va_start(ap,mode);
-    if ((mode & TPL_FXLENS) && (mode & TPL_DATAPEEK)) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("TPL_FXLENS and TPL_DATAPEEK mutually exclusive\n");
-        goto fail;
-    }
-    if (mode & TPL_FILE) filename = va_arg(ap,char *);
-    else if (mode & TPL_MEM) {
-        addr = va_arg(ap,void *);
-        sz = va_arg(ap,size_t);
-    } else {
-        tpl_hook.oops("unsupported tpl_peek mode %d\n", mode);
-        goto fail;
-    }
-    if (mode & TPL_DATAPEEK) {
-        datapeek_f = va_arg(ap, char*);
-    }
-    if (mode & TPL_FXLENS) {
-        num_fxlens_out = va_arg(ap,uint32_t *);
-        fxlens = va_arg(ap,uint32_t **);
-        *num_fxlens_out = 0;
-        *fxlens = NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (mode & TPL_FILE) {
-        if (tpl_mmap_file(filename, &mr) != 0) {
-            tpl_hook.oops("tpl_peek failed for file %s\n", filename);
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        addr = mr.text;
-        sz = mr.text_sz;
-    }
-
-    dv = addr;
-    if (sz < (4 + sizeof(uint32_t) + 1)) goto fail; /* min sz */
-    if (memcmp(dv,TPL_MAGIC, 3) != 0) goto fail; /* missing tpl magic prefix */
-    if (tpl_needs_endian_swap(dv)) xendian=1;
-    if ((((char*)dv)[3] & TPL_FL_NULLSTRINGS)==0) old_string_format=1;
-    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + 4);
-    memcpy(&intlsz,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));  /* extract internal size */
-    if (xendian) tpl_byteswap(&intlsz, sizeof(uint32_t));
-    if (intlsz != sz) goto fail;  /* inconsisent buffer/internal size */
-    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-
-    /* dv points to the start of the format string. Look for nul w/in buf sz */
-    fmt = (char*)dv;
-    while ((uintptr_t)dv-(uintptr_t)addr < sz && !found_nul) {
-        if ( (c = *(char*)dv) == '\0') {
-            found_nul = 1;
-        } else if (c == '#') {
-          num_fxlens++;
-        }
-        dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + 1);
-    }
-    if (!found_nul) goto fail;  /* runaway format string */
-    fmt_len = (char*)dv - fmt;  /* include space for \0 */
-    fmt_cpy = tpl_hook.malloc(fmt_len);
-    if (fmt_cpy == NULL) {
-        fatal_oom();
-    }
-    memcpy(fmt_cpy, fmt, fmt_len);
-
-    /* retrieve the octothorpic lengths if requested */
-    if (num_fxlens > 0) {
-      if (sz < ((uintptr_t)dv + (num_fxlens * sizeof(uint32_t)) - (uintptr_t)addr)) {
-        goto fail;
-      }
-    }
-    if ((mode & TPL_FXLENS) && (num_fxlens > 0)) {
-      *fxlens = tpl_hook.malloc(num_fxlens * sizeof(uint32_t));
-      if (*fxlens == NULL) tpl_hook.fatal("out of memory");
-      *num_fxlens_out = num_fxlens;
-      fxlensv = *fxlens;
-      while(num_fxlens--) {
-          memcpy(fxlensv,dv,sizeof(uint32_t)); 
-          if (xendian) tpl_byteswap(fxlensv, sizeof(uint32_t));
-          dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-          fxlensv++;
-      }
-    }
-    /* if caller requested, peek into the specified data elements */
-    if (mode & TPL_DATAPEEK) {
-
-       first_atom = strspn(fmt, "S()"); /* skip any leading S() */
-
-       datapeek_flen = strlen(datapeek_f);
-       if (strspn(datapeek_f, tpl_datapeek_ok_chars) < datapeek_flen) {
-         tpl_hook.oops("invalid TPL_DATAPEEK format: %s\n", datapeek_f);
-         tpl_hook.free(fmt_cpy); fmt_cpy = NULL; /* fail */
-         goto fail;
-       }
-
-       if (strncmp( &fmt[first_atom], datapeek_f, datapeek_flen) != 0) {
-         tpl_hook.oops("TPL_DATAPEEK format mismatches tpl iamge\n");
-         tpl_hook.free(fmt_cpy); fmt_cpy = NULL; /* fail */
-         goto fail;
-       }
-
-       /* advance to data start, then copy out requested elements */
-       dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv +  (num_fxlens * sizeof(uint32_t)));  
-       for(datapeek_c = datapeek_f; *datapeek_c != '\0'; datapeek_c++) {
-         datapeek_p = va_arg(ap, void*);
-         if (*datapeek_c == 's') {  /* special handling for strings */
-           if ((uintptr_t)dv-(uintptr_t)addr + sizeof(uint32_t) > sz) {
-             tpl_hook.oops("tpl_peek: tpl has insufficient length\n");
-             tpl_hook.free(fmt_cpy); fmt_cpy = NULL; /* fail */
-             goto fail;
-           }
-           memcpy(&datapeek_ssz,dv,sizeof(uint32_t)); /* get slen */
-           if (xendian) tpl_byteswap(&datapeek_ssz, sizeof(uint32_t));
-           if (old_string_format) datapeek_ssz++;
-           dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t)); /* adv. to str */
-           if (datapeek_ssz == 0) datapeek_s = NULL;
-           else {
-             if ((uintptr_t)dv-(uintptr_t)addr + datapeek_ssz-1 > sz) {
-               tpl_hook.oops("tpl_peek: tpl has insufficient length\n");
-               tpl_hook.free(fmt_cpy); fmt_cpy = NULL; /* fail */
-               goto fail;
-             }
-             datapeek_s = tpl_hook.malloc(datapeek_ssz);
-             if (datapeek_s == NULL) fatal_oom();
-             memcpy(datapeek_s, dv, datapeek_ssz-1);
-             datapeek_s[datapeek_ssz-1] = '\0';
-             dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + datapeek_ssz-1);
-           }
-           *(char**)datapeek_p = datapeek_s;
-         } else {
-           datapeek_csz = tpl_size_for(*datapeek_c);
-           if ((uintptr_t)dv-(uintptr_t)addr + datapeek_csz > sz) {
-             tpl_hook.oops("tpl_peek: tpl has insufficient length\n");
-             tpl_hook.free(fmt_cpy); fmt_cpy = NULL; /* fail */
-             goto fail;
-           }
-           memcpy(datapeek_p, dv, datapeek_csz);
-           if (xendian) tpl_byteswap(datapeek_p, datapeek_csz);
-           dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + datapeek_csz);
-         }
-       }
-    }
-
-fail:
-    va_end(ap);
-    if ((mode & TPL_FILE) && mr.text != NULL) tpl_unmap_file( &mr );
-    return fmt_cpy;
-}
-
-/* tpl_jot(TPL_FILE, "file.tpl", "si", &s, &i); */
-/* tpl_jot(TPL_MEM, &buf, &sz, "si", &s, &i); */
-/* tpl_jot(TPL_FD, fd, "si", &s, &i); */
-TPL_API int tpl_jot(int mode, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    char *filename, *fmt;
-    size_t *sz;
-    int fd, rc=0;
-    void **buf;
-    tpl_node *tn;
-
-    va_start(ap,mode);
-    if (mode & TPL_FILE) {
-      filename = va_arg(ap,char*);
-      fmt = va_arg(ap,char*);
-      tn = tpl_map_va(fmt, ap);
-      if (tn == NULL) { rc=-1; goto fail;}
-      tpl_pack(tn, 0);
-      rc = tpl_dump(tn, TPL_FILE, filename);
-      tpl_free(tn);
-    } else if (mode & TPL_MEM) {
-      buf = va_arg(ap,void*);
-      sz = va_arg(ap,size_t*);
-      fmt = va_arg(ap,char*);
-      tn = tpl_map_va(fmt,ap);
-      if (tn == NULL) { rc=-1; goto fail;}
-      tpl_pack(tn,0);
-      rc = tpl_dump(tn, TPL_MEM, buf, sz);
-      tpl_free(tn);
-    } else if (mode & TPL_FD) {
-      fd = va_arg(ap,int);
-      fmt = va_arg(ap,char*);
-      tn = tpl_map_va(fmt,ap);
-      if (tn == NULL) { rc=-1; goto fail;}
-      tpl_pack(tn,0);
-      rc = tpl_dump(tn, TPL_FD, fd);
-      tpl_free(tn);
-    } else {
-      tpl_hook.fatal("invalid tpl_jot mode\n");
-    }
-
-fail:
-    va_end(ap);
-    return rc;
-}
-
-TPL_API int tpl_load(tpl_node *r, int mode, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    int rc=0,fd=0;
-    char *filename=NULL;
-    void *addr;
-    size_t sz;
-
-    va_start(ap,mode);
-    if (mode & TPL_FILE) filename = va_arg(ap,char *);
-    else if (mode & TPL_MEM) {
-        addr = va_arg(ap,void *);
-        sz = va_arg(ap,size_t);
-    } else if (mode & TPL_FD) {
-        fd = va_arg(ap,int);
-    } else {
-        tpl_hook.oops("unsupported tpl_load mode %d\n", mode);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    va_end(ap);
-
-    if (r->type != TPL_TYPE_ROOT) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("error: tpl_load to non-root node\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & (TPL_WRONLY|TPL_RDONLY)) {
-        /* already packed or loaded, so reset it as if newly mapped */
-        tpl_free_keep_map(r);
-    }
-    if (mode & TPL_FILE) {
-        if (tpl_mmap_file(filename, &((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap) != 0) {
-            tpl_hook.oops("tpl_load failed for file %s\n", filename);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if ( (rc = tpl_sanity(r, (mode & TPL_EXCESS_OK))) != 0) {
-            if (rc == ERR_FMT_MISMATCH) {
-                tpl_hook.oops("%s: format signature mismatch\n", filename);
-            } else if (rc == ERR_FLEN_MISMATCH) { 
-                tpl_hook.oops("%s: array lengths mismatch\n", filename);
-            } else { 
-                tpl_hook.oops("%s: not a valid tpl file\n", filename); 
-            }
-            tpl_unmap_file( &((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap );
-            return -1;
-        }
-        ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags = (TPL_FILE | TPL_RDONLY);
-    } else if (mode & TPL_MEM) {
-        ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text = addr;
-        ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text_sz = sz;
-        if ( (rc = tpl_sanity(r, (mode & TPL_EXCESS_OK))) != 0) {
-            if (rc == ERR_FMT_MISMATCH) {
-                tpl_hook.oops("format signature mismatch\n");
-            } else { 
-                tpl_hook.oops("not a valid tpl file\n"); 
-            }
-            return -1;
-        }
-        ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags = (TPL_MEM | TPL_RDONLY);
-        if (mode & TPL_UFREE) ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags |= TPL_UFREE;
-    } else if (mode & TPL_FD) {
-        /* if fd read succeeds, resulting mem img is used for load */
-        if (tpl_gather(TPL_GATHER_BLOCKING,fd,&addr,&sz) > 0) {
-            return tpl_load(r, TPL_MEM|TPL_UFREE, addr, sz);
-        } else return -1;
-    } else {
-        tpl_hook.oops("invalid tpl_load mode %d\n", mode);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    /* this applies to TPL_MEM or TPL_FILE */
-    if (tpl_needs_endian_swap(((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text))
-        ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags |= TPL_XENDIAN;
-    tpl_unpackA0(r);   /* prepare root A nodes for use */
-    return 0;
-}
-
-TPL_API int tpl_Alen(tpl_node *r, int i) {
-    tpl_node *n;
-
-    n = tpl_find_i(r,i);
-    if (n == NULL) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("invalid index %d to tpl_unpack\n", i);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (n->type != TPL_TYPE_ARY) return -1;
-    return ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->num;
-}
-
-static void tpl_free_atyp(tpl_node *n, tpl_atyp *atyp) {
-    tpl_backbone *bb,*bbnxt;
-    tpl_node *c;
-    void *dv;
-    tpl_bin *binp;
-    tpl_atyp *atypp;
-    char *strp;
-    size_t itermax;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    int i;
-
-    bb = atyp->bb;
-    while (bb) {
-        bbnxt = bb->next;
-        dv = bb->data;
-        c=n->children; 
-        while (c) {
-            switch (c->type) {
-                case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + tpl_types[c->type].sz*c->num);
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                    memcpy(&binp,dv,sizeof(tpl_bin*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                    if (binp->addr) tpl_hook.free( binp->addr ); /* free buf */
-                    tpl_hook.free(binp);  /* free tpl_bin */
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(tpl_bin*));
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                    for(i=0; i < c->num; i++) {
-                      memcpy(&strp,dv,sizeof(char*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                      if (strp) tpl_hook.free(strp); /* free string */
-                      dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(char*));
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                    /* iterate over the preceding nodes */
-                    itermax = c->num;
-                    pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                    if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-                      c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                      continue;
-                    } else { /* loop complete. */
-                      pd->iternum = 0;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                    memcpy(&atypp,dv,sizeof(tpl_atyp*)); /* cp to aligned */
-                    tpl_free_atyp(c,atypp);  /* free atyp */
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(void*));
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                    break;
-            }
-            c=c->next;
-        }
-        tpl_hook.free(bb);
-        bb = bbnxt;
-    }
-    tpl_hook.free(atyp);
-}
-
-/* determine (by walking) byte length of serialized r/A node at address dv 
- * returns 0 on success, or -1 if the tpl isn't trustworthy (fails consistency)
- */
-static int tpl_serlen(tpl_node *r, tpl_node *n, void *dv, size_t *serlen) {
-    uint32_t slen;
-    int num=0,fidx;
-    tpl_node *c;
-    size_t len=0, alen, buf_past, itermax;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-
-    buf_past = ((uintptr_t)((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text + 
-                      ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text_sz);
-
-    if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ROOT) num = 1;
-    else if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-        if ((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t) > buf_past) return -1;
-        memcpy(&num,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-        if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-             tpl_byteswap(&num, sizeof(uint32_t));
-        dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-        len += sizeof(uint32_t);
-    } else tpl_hook.fatal("internal error in tpl_serlen\n");
-
-    while (num-- > 0) {
-        c=n->children; 
-        while (c) {
-            switch (c->type) {
-                case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-                case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-                case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                    for(fidx=0; fidx < c->num; fidx++) {  /* octothorpe support */
-                        if ((uintptr_t)dv + tpl_types[c->type].sz > buf_past) return -1;
-                        dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + tpl_types[c->type].sz);
-                        len += tpl_types[c->type].sz;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                    len += sizeof(uint32_t);
-                    if ((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t) > buf_past) return -1;
-                    memcpy(&slen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                        tpl_byteswap(&slen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                    len += slen;
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-                    if ((uintptr_t)dv + slen > buf_past) return -1;
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + slen);
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                    for(fidx=0; fidx < c->num; fidx++) {  /* octothorpe support */
-                      len += sizeof(uint32_t);
-                      if ((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t) > buf_past) return -1;
-                      memcpy(&slen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                      if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                          tpl_byteswap(&slen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                      if (!(((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_OLD_STRING_FMT))
-                         slen = (slen>1) ? (slen-1) : 0;
-                      len += slen;
-                      dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-                      if ((uintptr_t)dv + slen > buf_past) return -1;
-                      dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + slen);
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                    if ( tpl_serlen(r,c,dv, &alen) == -1) return -1;
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + alen);
-                    len += alen;
-                    break;
-                case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                    /* iterate over the preceding nodes */
-                    itermax = c->num;
-                    pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                    if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-                      c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                      continue;
-                    } else { /* loop complete. */
-                      pd->iternum = 0;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                    break;
-            }
-            c=c->next;
-        }
-    }
-    *serlen = len;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int tpl_mmap_output_file(char *filename, size_t sz, void **text_out) {
-    void *text;
-    int fd,perms;
-
-#ifndef _WIN32
-    perms = S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IWGRP|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH;  /* ug+w o+r */
-    fd=open(filename,O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_RDWR,perms);
-#else
-	perms = _S_IWRITE;
-    fd=_open(filename,_O_CREAT|_O_TRUNC|_O_RDWR,perms);
-#endif
-
-    if ( fd == -1 ) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("Couldn't open file %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    text = mmap(0, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
-    if (text == MAP_FAILED) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("Failed to mmap %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (ftruncate(fd,sz) == -1) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("ftruncate failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        munmap( text, sz );
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    *text_out = text;
-    return fd;
-}
-
-static int tpl_mmap_file(char *filename, tpl_mmap_rec *mr) {
-    struct stat stat_buf;
-
-    if ( (mr->fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1 ) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("Couldn't open file %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ( fstat(mr->fd, &stat_buf) == -1) {
-        close(mr->fd);
-        tpl_hook.oops("Couldn't stat file %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    mr->text_sz = (size_t)stat_buf.st_size;  
-    mr->text = mmap(0, stat_buf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, mr->fd, 0);
-    if (mr->text == MAP_FAILED) {
-        close(mr->fd);
-        tpl_hook.oops("Failed to mmap %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-TPL_API int tpl_pack(tpl_node *r, int i) {
-    tpl_node *n, *child, *np;
-    void *datav=NULL;
-    size_t sz, itermax;
-    uint32_t slen;
-    char *str;
-    tpl_bin *bin;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    int fidx;
-
-    n = tpl_find_i(r,i);
-    if (n == NULL) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("invalid index %d to tpl_pack\n", i);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_RDONLY) {
-        /* convert to an writeable tpl, initially empty */
-        tpl_free_keep_map(r);
-    }
-
-    ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags |= TPL_WRONLY;
-
-    if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) datav = tpl_extend_backbone(n);
-    child = n->children;
-    while(child) {
-        switch(child->type) {
-            case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                /* no need to use fidx iteration here; we can copy multiple values in one memcpy */
-                memcpy(child->data,child->addr,tpl_types[child->type].sz * child->num);
-                if (datav) datav = tpl_cpv(datav,child->data,tpl_types[child->type].sz * child->num);
-                if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) n->ser_osz += tpl_types[child->type].sz * child->num;
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                /* copy the buffer to be packed */ 
-                slen = ((tpl_bin*)child->addr)->sz;
-                if (slen >0) {
-                    str = tpl_hook.malloc(slen);
-                    if (!str) fatal_oom();
-                    memcpy(str,((tpl_bin*)child->addr)->addr,slen);
-                } else str = NULL;
-                /* and make a tpl_bin to point to it */
-                bin = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_bin));
-                if (!bin) fatal_oom();
-                bin->addr = str;
-                bin->sz = slen;
-                /* now pack its pointer, first deep freeing any pre-existing bin */
-                if (*(tpl_bin**)(child->data) != NULL) {
-                    if ((*(tpl_bin**)(child->data))->sz != 0) {
-                            tpl_hook.free( (*(tpl_bin**)(child->data))->addr );
-                    }
-                    tpl_hook.free(*(tpl_bin**)(child->data));  
-                }
-                memcpy(child->data,&bin,sizeof(tpl_bin*));
-                if (datav) {
-                    datav = tpl_cpv(datav, &bin, sizeof(tpl_bin*));
-                    *(tpl_bin**)(child->data) = NULL;  
-                }
-                if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-                    n->ser_osz += sizeof(uint32_t); /* binary buf len word */
-                    n->ser_osz += bin->sz;          /* binary buf */
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                for(fidx=0; fidx < child->num; fidx++) {
-                  /* copy the string to be packed. slen includes \0. this 
-                     block also works if the string pointer is NULL. */
-                  char *caddr = ((char**)child->addr)[fidx];
-                  char **cdata = &((char**)child->data)[fidx];
-                  slen = caddr ?  (strlen(caddr) + 1) : 0;
-                  if (slen) {
-                    str = tpl_hook.malloc(slen);
-                    if (!str) fatal_oom();
-                    memcpy(str,caddr,slen); /* include \0 */
-                  } else {
-                    str = NULL;
-                  } 
-                  /* now pack its pointer, first freeing any pre-existing string */
-                  if (*cdata != NULL) {
-                      tpl_hook.free(*cdata);  
-                  }
-                  memcpy(cdata,&str,sizeof(char*));
-                  if (datav) {
-                      datav = tpl_cpv(datav, &str, sizeof(char*));
-                      *cdata = NULL;  
-                  }
-                  if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-                      n->ser_osz += sizeof(uint32_t); /* string len word */
-                      if (slen>1) n->ser_osz += slen-1;/* string (without nul) */
-                  }
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                /* copy the child's tpl_atype* and reset it to empty */
-                if (datav) {
-                    sz = ((tpl_atyp*)(child->data))->sz;
-                    datav = tpl_cpv(datav, &child->data, sizeof(void*));
-                    child->data = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_atyp));
-                    if (!child->data) fatal_oom();
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(child->data))->num = 0;
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(child->data))->sz = sz;
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(child->data))->bb = NULL;
-                    ((tpl_atyp*)(child->data))->bbtail = NULL;
-                }
-                /* parent is array? then bubble up child array's ser_osz */
-                if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-                    n->ser_osz += sizeof(uint32_t); /* array len word */
-                    n->ser_osz += child->ser_osz;   /* child array ser_osz */
-                    child->ser_osz = 0;             /* reset child array ser_osz */
-                }
-                break;
-
-            case TPL_TYPE_POUND: 
-                /* we need to iterate n times over preceding nodes in S(...). 
-                 * we may be in the midst of an iteration each time or starting. */
-                 pd = (tpl_pound_data*)child->data;
-                 itermax = child->num;
-
-                 /* itermax is total num of iterations needed  */
-                 /* pd->iternum is current iteration index  */
-                 /* pd->inter_elt_len is element-to-element len of contiguous structs */
-                 /* pd->iter_start_node is where we jump to at each iteration. */
-
-                 if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-
-                   /* in start or midst of loop. advance addr/data pointers. */
-                   for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != child; np = np->next) {
-                     np->data = (char*)(np->data) + 
-                          (tpl_types[np->type].sz * np->num);
-                     np->addr = (char*)(np->addr) + pd->inter_elt_len;
-                   }
-                   /* do next iteration */
-                   child = pd->iter_start_node;
-                   continue;
-
-                 } else { /* loop complete. */
-                 
-                   /* reset iteration index and addr/data pointers. */
-                   pd->iternum = 0;
-                   for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != child; np = np->next) {
-                     np->data = (char*)(np->data) - ((itermax-1) *
-                                                      tpl_types[np->type].sz * 
-                                                      np->num);
-                     np->addr = (char*)(np->addr) - ((itermax-1) * pd->inter_elt_len);
-                   }
-
-                 }
-                break;
-            default:
-                tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                break;
-        }
-        child=child->next;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-TPL_API int tpl_unpack(tpl_node *r, int i) {
-    tpl_node *n, *c, *np;
-    uint32_t slen;
-    int rc=1, fidx;
-    char *str;
-    void *dv=NULL, *caddr;
-    size_t A_bytes, itermax;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-    void *img;
-    size_t sz;
-
-
-    /* handle unusual case of tpl_pack,tpl_unpack without an 
-     * intervening tpl_dump. do a dump/load implicitly. */
-    if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_WRONLY) {
-        if (tpl_dump(r,TPL_MEM,&img,&sz) != 0) return -1;
-        if (tpl_load(r,TPL_MEM|TPL_UFREE,img,sz) != 0) {
-            tpl_hook.free(img);
-            return -1;
-        };
-    }
-
-    n = tpl_find_i(r,i);
-    if (n == NULL) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("invalid index %d to tpl_unpack\n", i);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* either root node or an A node */
-    if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ROOT) {
-        dv = tpl_find_data_start( ((tpl_root_data*)(n->data))->mmap.text );
-    } else if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) {
-        if (((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->num <= 0) return 0; /* array consumed */
-        else rc = ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->num--;
-        dv = ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->cur;
-        if (!dv) tpl_hook.fatal("must unpack parent of node before node itself\n");
-    }
-
-    c = n->children;
-    while (c) {
-        switch (c->type) {
-            case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                /* unpack elements of cross-endian octothorpic array individually */
-                if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN) {
-                    for(fidx=0; fidx < c->num; fidx++) {
-                        caddr = (void*)((uintptr_t)c->addr + (fidx * tpl_types[c->type].sz));
-                        memcpy(caddr,dv,tpl_types[c->type].sz);
-                        tpl_byteswap(caddr, tpl_types[c->type].sz);
-                        dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + tpl_types[c->type].sz);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    /* bulk unpack ok if not cross-endian */
-                    memcpy(c->addr, dv, tpl_types[c->type].sz * c->num);
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + tpl_types[c->type].sz * c->num);
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                memcpy(&slen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                    tpl_byteswap(&slen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                if (slen > 0) {
-                    str = (char*)tpl_hook.malloc(slen);
-                    if (!str) fatal_oom();
-                } else str=NULL;
-                dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-                if (slen>0) memcpy(str,dv,slen);
-                memcpy(&(((tpl_bin*)c->addr)->addr),&str,sizeof(void*));
-                memcpy(&(((tpl_bin*)c->addr)->sz),&slen,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + slen);
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                for(fidx=0; fidx < c->num; fidx++) {
-                  memcpy(&slen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                  if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                      tpl_byteswap(&slen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                  if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_OLD_STRING_FMT)
-                    slen += 1;
-                  dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-                  if (slen) {  /* slen includes \0 */
-                    str = (char*)tpl_hook.malloc(slen);
-                    if (!str) fatal_oom();
-                    if (slen>1) memcpy(str,dv,slen-1);
-                    str[slen-1] = '\0'; /* nul terminate */
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + slen-1);
-                  } else str=NULL;
-                  memcpy(&((char**)c->addr)[fidx],&str,sizeof(char*));
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                /* iterate over preceding nodes */
-                pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                itermax = c->num;
-                if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-                  /* in start or midst of loop. advance addr/data pointers. */
-                  for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != c; np = np->next) {
-                    np->addr = (char*)(np->addr) + pd->inter_elt_len;
-                  }
-                  /* do next iteration */
-                  c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                  continue;
-
-                } else { /* loop complete. */
-                
-                  /* reset iteration index and addr/data pointers. */
-                  pd->iternum = 0;
-                  for(np=pd->iter_start_node; np != c; np = np->next) {
-                    np->addr = (char*)(np->addr) - ((itermax-1) * pd->inter_elt_len);
-                  }
-
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                if (tpl_serlen(r,c,dv, &A_bytes) == -1) 
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("internal error in unpack\n");
-                memcpy( &((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->num, dv, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                    tpl_byteswap(&((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->num, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->cur = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv+sizeof(uint32_t));
-                dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + A_bytes);
-                break;
-            default:
-                tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                break;
-        }
-
-        c = c->next;
-    }
-    if (n->type == TPL_TYPE_ARY) ((tpl_atyp*)(n->data))->cur = dv; /* next element */
-    return rc;
-}
-
-/* Specialized function that unpacks only the root's A nodes, after tpl_load  */
-static int tpl_unpackA0(tpl_node *r) {
-    tpl_node *n, *c;
-    uint32_t slen;
-    int rc=1,fidx,i;
-    void *dv;
-    size_t A_bytes, itermax;
-    tpl_pound_data *pd;
-
-    n = r;
-    dv = tpl_find_data_start( ((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->mmap.text);
-
-    c=n->children;
-    while (c)  {
-        switch (c->type) {
-            case TPL_TYPE_BYTE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_DOUBLE:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT32:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT64:
-            case TPL_TYPE_INT16:
-            case TPL_TYPE_UINT16:
-                for(fidx=0;fidx < c->num; fidx++) {
-                    dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + tpl_types[c->type].sz);
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_BIN:
-                memcpy(&slen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                    tpl_byteswap(&slen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-                dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + slen);
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_STR:
-                for(i=0; i<c->num; i++) {
-                  memcpy(&slen,dv,sizeof(uint32_t));
-                  if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                      tpl_byteswap(&slen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                  if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_OLD_STRING_FMT)
-                    slen += 1;
-                  dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + sizeof(uint32_t));
-                  if (slen>1) dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + slen-1);
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_POUND:
-                /* iterate over the preceding nodes */
-                itermax = c->num;
-                pd = (tpl_pound_data*)c->data;
-                if (++(pd->iternum) < itermax) {
-                  c = pd->iter_start_node;
-                  continue;
-                } else { /* loop complete. */
-                  pd->iternum = 0;
-                }
-                break;
-            case TPL_TYPE_ARY:
-                if ( tpl_serlen(r,c,dv, &A_bytes) == -1) 
-                    tpl_hook.fatal("internal error in unpackA0\n");
-                memcpy( &((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->num, dv, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                if (((tpl_root_data*)(r->data))->flags & TPL_XENDIAN)
-                    tpl_byteswap(&((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->num, sizeof(uint32_t));
-                ((tpl_atyp*)(c->data))->cur = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv+sizeof(uint32_t));
-                dv = (void*)((uintptr_t)dv + A_bytes);
-                break;
-            default:
-                tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported format character\n");
-                break;
-        }
-        c=c->next;
-    }
-    return rc;
-}
-
-/* In-place byte order swapping of a word of length "len" bytes */
-static void tpl_byteswap(void *word, int len) {
-    int i;
-    char c, *w;
-    w = (char*)word;
-    for(i=0; i<len/2; i++) {
-        c = w[i];
-        w[i] = w[len-1-i];
-        w[len-1-i] = c;
-    }
-}
-
-static void tpl_fatal(const char *fmt, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    char exit_msg[100];
-
-    va_start(ap,fmt);
-    vsnprintf(exit_msg, 100, fmt, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-
-    tpl_hook.oops("%s", exit_msg);
-    exit(-1);
-}
-
-TPL_API int tpl_gather(int mode, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    int fd,rc=0;
-    size_t *szp,sz;
-    void **img,*addr,*data;
-    tpl_gather_t **gs;
-    tpl_gather_cb *cb;
-
-    va_start(ap,mode);
-    switch (mode) {
-        case TPL_GATHER_BLOCKING:
-            fd = va_arg(ap,int);
-            img = va_arg(ap,void*);
-            szp = va_arg(ap,size_t*);
-            rc = tpl_gather_blocking(fd,img,szp);
-            break;
-        case TPL_GATHER_NONBLOCKING:
-            fd = va_arg(ap,int);
-            gs = (tpl_gather_t**)va_arg(ap,void*);
-            cb = (tpl_gather_cb*)va_arg(ap,tpl_gather_cb*);
-            data = va_arg(ap,void*);
-            rc = tpl_gather_nonblocking(fd,gs,cb,data);
-            break;
-        case TPL_GATHER_MEM:
-            addr = va_arg(ap,void*);
-            sz = va_arg(ap,size_t);
-            gs = (tpl_gather_t**)va_arg(ap,void*);
-            cb = (tpl_gather_cb*)va_arg(ap,tpl_gather_cb*);
-            data = va_arg(ap,void*);
-            rc = tpl_gather_mem(addr,sz,gs,cb,data);
-            break;
-        default:
-            tpl_hook.fatal("unsupported tpl_gather mode %d\n",mode);
-            break;
-    }
-    va_end(ap);
-    return rc;
-}
-
-/* dequeue a tpl by reading until one full tpl image is obtained.
- * We take care not to read past the end of the tpl.
- * This is intended as a blocking call i.e. for use with a blocking fd.
- * It can be given a non-blocking fd, but the read spins if we have to wait.
- */
-static int tpl_gather_blocking(int fd, void **img, size_t *sz) {
-    char preamble[8];
-    int i=0, rc;
-    uint32_t tpllen;
-
-    do { 
-        rc = read(fd,&preamble[i],8-i);
-        i += (rc>0) ? rc : 0;
-    } while ((rc==-1 && (errno==EINTR||errno==EAGAIN)) || (rc>0 && i<8));
-
-    if (rc<0) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather_fd_blocking failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    } else if (rc == 0) {
-        /* tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather_fd_blocking: eof\n"); */
-        return 0;
-    } else if (i != 8) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("internal error\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (preamble[0] == 't' && preamble[1] == 'p' && preamble[2] == 'l') {
-        memcpy(&tpllen,&preamble[4],4);
-        if (tpl_needs_endian_swap(preamble)) tpl_byteswap(&tpllen,4);
-    } else {
-        tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather_fd_blocking: non-tpl input\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* malloc space for remainder of tpl image (overall length tpllen) 
-     * and read it in
-     */
-    if (tpl_hook.gather_max > 0 && 
-        tpllen > tpl_hook.gather_max) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("tpl exceeds max length %d\n", 
-            tpl_hook.gather_max);
-        return -2;
-    }
-    *sz = tpllen;
-    if ( (*img = tpl_hook.malloc(tpllen)) == NULL) {
-        fatal_oom();
-    }
-
-    memcpy(*img,preamble,8);  /* copy preamble to output buffer */
-    i=8;
-    do { 
-        rc = read(fd,&((*(char**)img)[i]),tpllen-i);
-        i += (rc>0) ? rc : 0;
-    } while ((rc==-1 && (errno==EINTR||errno==EAGAIN)) || (rc>0 && i<tpllen));
-
-    if (rc<0) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather_fd_blocking failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        tpl_hook.free(*img);
-        return -1;
-    } else if (rc == 0) {
-        /* tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather_fd_blocking: eof\n"); */
-        tpl_hook.free(*img);
-        return 0;
-    } else if (i != tpllen) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("internal error\n");
-        tpl_hook.free(*img);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/* Used by select()-driven apps which want to gather tpl images piecemeal */
-/* the file descriptor must be non-blocking for this functino to work. */
-static int tpl_gather_nonblocking( int fd, tpl_gather_t **gs, tpl_gather_cb *cb, void *data) {
-    char buf[TPL_GATHER_BUFLEN], *img, *tpl;
-    int rc, keep_looping, cbrc=0;
-    size_t catlen;
-    uint32_t tpllen;
-
-    while (1) {
-        rc = read(fd,buf,TPL_GATHER_BUFLEN);
-        if (rc == -1) {
-            if (errno == EINTR) continue;  /* got signal during read, ignore */
-            if (errno == EAGAIN) return 1; /* nothing to read right now */
-            else {
-                tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-                if (*gs) {
-                    tpl_hook.free((*gs)->img);
-                    tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-                    *gs = NULL;
-                }
-                return -1;                 /* error, caller should close fd  */
-            }
-        } else if (rc == 0) {
-            if (*gs) {
-                tpl_hook.oops("tpl_gather: partial tpl image precedes EOF\n");
-                tpl_hook.free((*gs)->img);
-                tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-                *gs = NULL;
-            }
-            return 0;                      /* EOF, caller should close fd */
-        } else {
-            /* concatenate any partial tpl from last read with new buffer */
-            if (*gs) {
-                catlen = (*gs)->len + rc;
-                if (tpl_hook.gather_max > 0 && 
-                    catlen > tpl_hook.gather_max) {
-                    tpl_hook.free( (*gs)->img );
-                    tpl_hook.free( (*gs) );
-                    *gs = NULL;
-                    tpl_hook.oops("tpl exceeds max length %d\n", 
-                        tpl_hook.gather_max);
-                    return -2;              /* error, caller should close fd */
-                }
-                if ( (img = tpl_hook.realloc((*gs)->img, catlen)) == NULL) {
-                    fatal_oom();
-                }
-                memcpy(img + (*gs)->len, buf, rc);
-                tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-                *gs = NULL;
-            } else {
-                img = buf;
-                catlen = rc;
-            }
-            /* isolate any full tpl(s) in img and invoke cb for each */
-            tpl = img;
-            keep_looping = (tpl+8 < img+catlen) ? 1 : 0;
-            while (keep_looping) {
-                if (strncmp("tpl", tpl, 3) != 0) {
-                    tpl_hook.oops("tpl prefix invalid\n");
-                    if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img);
-                    tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-                    *gs = NULL;
-                    return -3; /* error, caller should close fd */
-                }
-                memcpy(&tpllen,&tpl[4],4);
-                if (tpl_needs_endian_swap(tpl)) tpl_byteswap(&tpllen,4);
-                if (tpl+tpllen <= img+catlen) {
-                    cbrc = (cb)(tpl,tpllen,data);  /* invoke cb for tpl image */
-                    tpl += tpllen;                 /* point to next tpl image */
-                    if (cbrc < 0) keep_looping = 0;
-                    else keep_looping = (tpl+8 < img+catlen) ? 1 : 0;
-                } else keep_looping=0;
-            } 
-            /* check if app callback requested closure of tpl source */
-            if (cbrc < 0) {
-                tpl_hook.oops("tpl_fd_gather aborted by app callback\n");
-                if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img);
-                if (*gs) tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-                *gs = NULL;
-                return -4;
-            }
-            /* store any leftover, partial tpl fragment for next read */
-            if (tpl == img && img != buf) {  
-                /* consumed nothing from img!=buf */
-                if ( (*gs = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_gather_t))) == NULL ) {
-                    fatal_oom();
-                }
-                (*gs)->img = tpl;
-                (*gs)->len = catlen;
-            } else if (tpl < img+catlen) {  
-                /* consumed 1+ tpl(s) from img!=buf or 0 from img==buf */
-                if ( (*gs = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_gather_t))) == NULL ) {
-                    fatal_oom();
-                }
-                if ( ((*gs)->img = tpl_hook.malloc(img+catlen - tpl)) == NULL ) {
-                    fatal_oom();
-                }
-                (*gs)->len = img+catlen - tpl;
-                memcpy( (*gs)->img, tpl, img+catlen - tpl);
-                /* free partially consumed concat buffer if used */
-                if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img); 
-            } else {                        /* tpl(s) fully consumed */
-                /* free consumed concat buffer if used */
-                if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img); 
-            }
-        }
-    } 
-}
-
-/* gather tpl piecemeal from memory buffer (not fd) e.g., from a lower-level api */
-static int tpl_gather_mem( char *buf, size_t len, tpl_gather_t **gs, tpl_gather_cb *cb, void *data) {
-    char *img, *tpl;
-    int keep_looping, cbrc=0;
-    size_t catlen;
-    uint32_t tpllen;
-
-    /* concatenate any partial tpl from last read with new buffer */
-    if (*gs) {
-        catlen = (*gs)->len + len;
-        if (tpl_hook.gather_max > 0 && 
-            catlen > tpl_hook.gather_max) {
-            tpl_hook.free( (*gs)->img );
-            tpl_hook.free( (*gs) );
-            *gs = NULL;
-            tpl_hook.oops("tpl exceeds max length %d\n", 
-                tpl_hook.gather_max);
-            return -2;              /* error, caller should stop accepting input from source*/
-        }
-        if ( (img = tpl_hook.realloc((*gs)->img, catlen)) == NULL) {
-            fatal_oom();
-        }
-        memcpy(img + (*gs)->len, buf, len);
-        tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-        *gs = NULL;
-    } else {
-        img = buf;
-        catlen = len;
-    }
-    /* isolate any full tpl(s) in img and invoke cb for each */
-    tpl = img;
-    keep_looping = (tpl+8 < img+catlen) ? 1 : 0;
-    while (keep_looping) {
-        if (strncmp("tpl", tpl, 3) != 0) {
-            tpl_hook.oops("tpl prefix invalid\n");
-            if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img);
-            tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-            *gs = NULL;
-            return -3; /* error, caller should stop accepting input from source*/
-        }
-        memcpy(&tpllen,&tpl[4],4);
-        if (tpl_needs_endian_swap(tpl)) tpl_byteswap(&tpllen,4);
-        if (tpl+tpllen <= img+catlen) {
-            cbrc = (cb)(tpl,tpllen,data);  /* invoke cb for tpl image */
-            tpl += tpllen;               /* point to next tpl image */
-            if (cbrc < 0) keep_looping = 0;
-            else keep_looping = (tpl+8 < img+catlen) ? 1 : 0;
-        } else keep_looping=0;
-    } 
-    /* check if app callback requested closure of tpl source */
-    if (cbrc < 0) {
-        tpl_hook.oops("tpl_mem_gather aborted by app callback\n");
-        if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img);
-        if (*gs) tpl_hook.free(*gs);
-        *gs = NULL;
-        return -4;
-    }
-    /* store any leftover, partial tpl fragment for next read */
-    if (tpl == img && img != buf) {  
-        /* consumed nothing from img!=buf */
-        if ( (*gs = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_gather_t))) == NULL ) {
-            fatal_oom();
-        }
-        (*gs)->img = tpl;
-        (*gs)->len = catlen;
-    } else if (tpl < img+catlen) {  
-        /* consumed 1+ tpl(s) from img!=buf or 0 from img==buf */
-        if ( (*gs = tpl_hook.malloc(sizeof(tpl_gather_t))) == NULL ) {
-            fatal_oom();
-        }
-        if ( ((*gs)->img = tpl_hook.malloc(img+catlen - tpl)) == NULL ) {
-            fatal_oom();
-        }
-        (*gs)->len = img+catlen - tpl;
-        memcpy( (*gs)->img, tpl, img+catlen - tpl);
-        /* free partially consumed concat buffer if used */
-        if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img); 
-    } else {                        /* tpl(s) fully consumed */
-        /* free consumed concat buffer if used */
-        if (img != buf) tpl_hook.free(img); 
-    }
-    return 1;
-}

ext/lmdb

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 5033a08c86fb6ef0adddabad327422a1c0c0069a

ext/tpl

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit a6d734c90069cb19fd347c559bcd7e827e688cf9

setup.py

@@ -40,12 +40,11 @@ with open(readme_fpath, encoding='utf-8') as f:
     long_description = f.read()
 
 # Extensions directory.
-#ext_dir = path.join(path.dirname(lakesuperior.basedir), 'ext')
-ext_dir = 'ext'
+lmdb_src_dir = path.join('ext', 'lmdb', 'libraries', 'liblmdb')
+tpl_src_dir = path.join('ext', 'tpl', 'src')
+
+include_dirs = [lmdb_src_dir, tpl_src_dir]
 
-include_dirs = [
-    path.join(ext_dir, 'include'),
-]
 if USE_CYTHON:
     print(f'Using Cython {CYTHON_VERSION} to generate C extensions.')
     include_dirs.append(path.join(lakesuperior.basedir, 'cy_include'))
@@ -58,8 +57,8 @@ extensions = [
     Extension(
         'lakesuperior.store.base_lmdb_store',
         [
-            path.join(ext_dir, 'lib', 'mdb.c'),
-            path.join(ext_dir, 'lib', 'midl.c'),
+            path.join(lmdb_src_dir, 'mdb.c'),
+            path.join(lmdb_src_dir, 'midl.c'),
             path.join('lakesuperior', 'store', f'base_lmdb_store.{ext}'),
         ],
         include_dirs=include_dirs,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ extensions = [
     Extension(
         'lakesuperior.store.ldp_rs.term',
         [
-            path.join(ext_dir, 'lib', 'tpl.c'),
+            path.join(tpl_src_dir, 'tpl.c'),
             path.join('lakesuperior', 'store', 'ldp_rs', f'term.{ext}'),
         ],
         include_dirs=include_dirs,
@@ -78,8 +77,8 @@ extensions = [
     Extension(
         'lakesuperior.store.ldp_rs.lmdb_triplestore',
         [
-            path.join(ext_dir, 'lib', 'mdb.c'),
-            path.join(ext_dir, 'lib', 'midl.c'),
+            path.join(lmdb_src_dir, 'mdb.c'),
+            path.join(lmdb_src_dir, 'midl.c'),
             path.join(
                 'lakesuperior', 'store', 'ldp_rs', f'lmdb_triplestore.{ext}'),
         ],
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ extensions = [
     #Extension(
     #    '*',
     #    [
-    #        #path.join(ext_dir, 'lib', 'tpl.c'),
+    #        #path.join(tpl_src_dir, 'tpl.c'),
     #        path.join(
     #            path.dirname(lakesuperior.basedir), 'sandbox', f'*.{ext}'),
     #    ],