lsup_rdf/include/store_mdb.h

/** @file store_mdb.h
 *
 * @brief LMDB graph store backend.
 *
 * This module stores triples in a LMDB embedded store, organized
 * into named graphs. The store is optimized and indexed for fast lookup of any
 * number of bound terms.
 *
 * The store must be first initialized once, to create the environment files
 * and folders as well as the internal databases, then it must be opened once
 * per session. Within that session multiple R/W operations can be performed
 * using transactions.
 *
 * Note that, even though the terms "graph", "context", etc. are used, no code
 * in this module checks for valid RDF data. In theory any term can be any
 * binary data. This allows using the store for non-RDF graph data.
 *
 * TODO more doc
 */


#ifndef _LSUP_STORE_MDB_H
#define _LSUP_STORE_MDB_H

#include "lmdb.h"

#include "buffer.h"
#include "namespace.h"


// FIXME find a better cross-platform path.
#define DEFAULT_ENV_PATH "./mdb_store"

// RAMdisk path for MDB volatile store.
#define LSUP_MDB_RAMDISK_PATH TMPDIR "/lsup_mem_graph"
#include "store.h"


typedef char DbLabel[8];
typedef struct mdbstore_t LSUP_MDBStore;
typedef struct mdbstore_iter_t LSUP_MDBIterator;

typedef LSUP_rc (*store_match_fn_t)(const LSUP_TripleKey spok, void *data);

// TODO Introduce compile-time LSUP_BIG_STORE option to define two store
// options: false: 64-bit hashes, uint32 keys, max 4G entries; true:
// 128-bit hashes, size_t keys, max MAX_SIZE entries, larger and slower.
// Ideally this could be specified at runtime to handle different stores with
// different sizes, but code could become more complex.


/** @brief Create the MDB environment and databases on disk.
 *
 * This function takes care of creaating the environment path if not existing,
 * and checking that it's a writable directory. If the path is not specified
 * in the LSUP_STORE_PATH environment variable, a default directory is used.
 *
 * @param[in] clear Whether to remove a previous environment at this location.
 *
 * @param[in,out] path Path of the suggested directory to use. It may be NULL,
 *  in which case it will be set either to the environment variable
 *  LSUP_STORE_PATH, or if that is not set, a default local path.
 */
LSUP_rc LSUP_mdbstore_setup (const char *path, bool clear);


/** @brief Open an MDB store.
 *
 * The store must have been set up with #LSUP_mdbstore_setup.
 *
 * Some environment variables affect various store parameters:
 *
 * - LSUP_MDB_MAPSIZE Long int specifying the size of the memory map. Usually
 *   it is not necessary to modify this, unless one is operating under memory
 *   and disk constraints. The default map size is 1Tb.
 *
 * @param[in,out] store Uninitialized store struct pointer.
 *
 * @param[in] path MDB environment path. This must be the path given by
 * #LSUP_mdbstore_setup.
 *
 * @param[in] default_ctx Serialized URI to be used as a default context for
 *  triples inserted without a context specified. If NULL, the store operates
 *  in triple mode.
 */
LSUP_MDBStore *
LSUP_mdbstore_new (const char *path, const LSUP_Buffer *default_ctx);


/** @brief Close a store and free its handle.
 *
 * @param[in] store Store pointer.
 *
 */
void LSUP_mdbstore_free (LSUP_MDBStore *store);


/** @brief Print stats about a store and its databases.
 *
 * TODO
 *
 * @param store[in] The store to get stats for.
 */
LSUP_rc LSUP_mdbstore_stat (LSUP_MDBStore *store, MDB_stat *stat);


/** @brief Store size.
 *
 * @param store[in] The store to calculate size of.
 *
 * @return Number of stored SPO triples across all contexts.
 */
size_t LSUP_mdbstore_size (LSUP_MDBStore *store);


/** @brief Initialize bulk triple load.
 *
 * This is the first step of a bulk load. It is best used when the data at hand
 * need to be pre-processed, which can be done in the same loop as the next
 * step to keep memory usage low.
 *
 * @param store[in] The store to add to.
 *
 * @param sc[in] Context as a serialized term. If this is NULL, and the
 *  default context is not NULL, triples will be added to the default context
 *  for the store, If the default context for the store is NULL, regardless of
 *  the value of sc, triples will be added with no context.
 *
 * @param it[out] Pointer to an iterator pointer to be passed to the following
 *  load steps.
 */
LSUP_MDBIterator *
LSUP_mdbstore_add_init (LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_Buffer *sc);


/** @brief Add one triple into the store.
 *
 * This must be called after #LSUP_mdbstore_add_init, using the iterator
 * yielded by that function. It may be called multiple times and must be
 * followed by #LSUP_mdbstore_add_done.
 *
 * NOTE: at the moment #LSUP_mdbstore_remove() or another
 * #LSUP_mdbstore_init() cannot be called between #LSUP_mdbstore_add_init and
 * #LSUP_mdbstore_add_abort or #LSUP_mdbstore_add_done. FIXME
 *
 * @param it[in] Iterator obtained by #LSUP_mdbstore_add_init.
 *  The following members are of interest:
 *  it->i stores the total number of records inserted.
 *
 * @param sspo[in] Serialized triple to be added.
 *
 * @return LSUP_OK if the triple was inserted; LSUP_NOACTION if the triple
 *  already existed; LSUP_DB_ERR if an MDB error occurred.
 */
LSUP_rc
LSUP_mdbstore_add_iter (LSUP_MDBIterator *it, const LSUP_BufferTriple *sspo);


/** @brief Finalize an add loop and free iterator.
 *
 * If a count of inserted records is needed, #LSUP_mdbiter_cur must be called
 * before this function.
 *
 * This must be called after #LSUP_mdbstore_add_iter.
 *
 * @param it[in] Iterator obtained by #LSUP_mdbstore_add_init.
 */
LSUP_rc
LSUP_mdbstore_add_done (LSUP_MDBIterator *it);


/** @brief Abort an add loop and free iterator.
 *
 * Usually called on an irrecoverable error from LSUP_mdb_add_iter. None of the
 * successful inserts in the same loop is retained.
 *
 * @param it[in] Iterator obtained by #LSUP_mdbstore_add_init.
 */
void
LSUP_mdbstore_add_abort (LSUP_MDBIterator *it);


/** @brief Add a batch of triples with optional context to the store.
 *
 * This is a shortcut for calling #LSUP_mdbstore_add_init,
 * #LSUP_mdbstore_add_iter and #LSUP_mdbstore_add_done in a sequence
 * when an array of pre-serialized triples is available.
 *
 * @param store[in] The store to add to.
 *
 * @param sc[in] Context as a serialized term. If this is NULL, and the
 *  default context is not NULL, triples will be added to the default context
 *  for the store. If the default context for the store is NULL, regardless of
 *  the value of sc, triples will be added with no context.

 * @param data[in] Triples to be inserted as a 2D array of triples in the shape
 * of data[n][3], where n is the value of data_size.
 *
 * @param inserted[out] If not NULL, it will be filled with the count of
 *  effectively inserted triples.
 *
 * @param data_size[in] Number of triples to be inserted.
 */
LSUP_rc LSUP_mdbstore_add(
        LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_Buffer *sc,
        const LSUP_BufferTriple strp[], const size_t ct, size_t *inserted);


/** @brief Delete triples by pattern matching.
 *
 * The ss, sp, so, sc terms act as a matching pattern as documented in
 * #LSUP_mdbstore_lookup. if not NULL, ct yields the number of triples actually
 * deleted.
 */
LSUP_rc
LSUP_mdbstore_remove(
        LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_Buffer *ss, const LSUP_Buffer *sp,
        const LSUP_Buffer *so, const LSUP_Buffer *sc, size_t *ct);


/** @brief Look up matching triples and optional context.
 *
 * This function may return a count of matches and/or an iterator of results as
 * serialized triples.
 *
 * Any and all of the terms may be NULL, which indicates an unbound query
 * term. Stores with context not set will always ignore the fourth term.
 *
 * @param[in] store The store to be queried.
 *
 * @param[in] ss Buffer representing the serialized s term.
 *
 * @param[in] sp Buffer representing the serialized p term.
 *
 * @param[in] so Buffer representing the serialized o term.
 *
 * @param[in] sc Serialized context to limit search to. It may be NULL, in which
 *  case search is done in all contexts. Note that triples inserted without
 *  context are assigned the *default* context, indicated by the "default_ctx"
 *  member of the store struct.
 *
 * @param[out] it Pointer to an #LSUP_MDBIterator handle that will be populated
 * with a result iterator. This is always created even if no matches are found
 * and must be freed with #LSUP_mdbiter_free() after use. If matches are found,
 * the iterator points to the first result which can be retrieved with
 * #LSUP_mdbiter_next().
 *
 * @param[out] ct If not NULL, this will be populated with the number of
 *  entries found. It is very inexpensive to set for lookups without context,
 *  much less so for 1-bound and 2-bound context lookups, in which cases it
 *  should be set only if needed.
 *
 * @return LSUP_OK if entries were found, LSUP_NORESULT if none were found.
 */
LSUP_MDBIterator *
LSUP_mdbstore_lookup(
        LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_Buffer *ss, const LSUP_Buffer *sp,
        const LSUP_Buffer *so, const LSUP_Buffer *sc, size_t *ct);


/** @brief Yield the matching triples and advance the iterator.
 *
 * This function also checks if the matching triple is associated with a
 * context, if one was specified. If no associated contexts are found, the next
 * triple is searched, until the end of the results.
 *
 * NOTE: Iterators keep LMDB cursors and (read only) transactions open. Don't
 * hold on to them longer than necessary.
 *
 * NOTE: The memory pointed to by the individual LSUP_Buffer pointers is
 * owned by the database. It must not be written to or freed. To modify
 * the data or use them beyond the caller's scope, this memory must be copied.
 *
 * @param it[in] Opaque iterator handle obtained with #LSUP_mdbstore_lookup.
 *
 * @param sspo[out] #LSUP_BufferTriple to be populated with three serialized terms
 * if found, NULL if not found. Internal callers (e.g. counters) may pass NULL
 * if they don't need the serialized triples.
 *
 * @return LSUP_OK if results were found; LSUP_END if no (more) results were
 * found; LSUP_DB_ERR if a MDB_* error occurred.
 */
LSUP_rc LSUP_mdbiter_next (
        LSUP_MDBIterator *it, LSUP_BufferTriple *sspo, LSUP_Buffer **ctx);


/** @brief Iterator's internal counter.
 *
 * This is only useful with #LSUP_mdbstore_add_iter to count inserted records.
 *
 * @param it[in] An iterator primed with LSUP_mdbstore_add_init.
 *
 * @return The value of the #i member. For an add iterator, this is the number
 *  of succcessfully inserted records.
 */
size_t
LSUP_mdbiter_cur (LSUP_MDBIterator *it);


/** @brief Free an iterator allocated by a lookup.
 *
 * @param it[in] Iterator pointer. It will be set to NULL after freeing.
 */
void LSUP_mdbiter_free (LSUP_MDBIterator *it);


/** @brief Gather the contexts of all triples matching a pattern.
 *
 * This function yields a NULL-terminated array of LSUP_Buffer handles for all
 * the triples that match an s, p, o lookup pattern in a store. All values are
 * unique.
 *
 * TODO Implement a free method (and align names). Currently freeing the result
 * is non-trivial and easy to forget:
 *
 *      size_t i = 0;
 *      while (ctx_a[i] != NULL)
 *          free (ctx_a[i++]); // Buffer data are memory-mapped. Not freeing.
 *      free (ctx_a);
 *
 * ss, sp, so arguments are used as in #LSUP_mdbstore_lookup().
 *
 * @param store[in] The store to be queried.
 *
 * @param ss[in] Serialized subject. It may be NULL.
 *
 * @param sp[in] Serialized predicate. It may be NULL.
 *
 * @param so[in] Serialized object. It may be NULL.
 *
 * @return Array of context handles. Memory is allocated by this function and
 * must be freed by the caller.
 */
LSUP_Buffer **
LSUP_mdbstore_lookup_contexts (
        LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_Buffer *ss, const LSUP_Buffer *sp,
        const LSUP_Buffer *so);


/** @brief Get all namespace prefixes in the store.
 *
 * @param[in] store MDB store to query.
 *
 * @param[out] nsm Pointer to namespace map to generate.
 *
 * @return LSUP_OK on success; LSUP_DB_ERR on MDB error.
 */
LSUP_rc
LSUP_mdbstore_nsm_get (LSUP_MDBStore *store, LSUP_NSMap **nsm);


/** @brief Store an in-memory namespace map into the permanent back end.
 *
 * Existing prefixes and namespaces are not updated. Thus, if the following are
 * already stored:
 *
 * ns1: <urn:ns:a#>
 * ns2: <urn:ns:b#>
 *
 * Neither of the following will be inserted:
 *
 * ns3: <urn:ns:a#>
 * ns2: <urn:ns:c#>
 *
 * @param[in] store MDB store to update.
 *
 * @param[out] nsm Namespace map handle to store.
 *
 * @return LSUP_OK if all terms were updated; LSUP_CONFLICT if one or more
 *  namespaces or terms were not updated because they already existed; <0 if
 *  an error occurred.
 */
LSUP_rc
LSUP_mdbstore_nsm_store (LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_NSMap *nsm);


/** @brief Add a single term to the store.
 *
 * @param[in] store MDB store handle.
 *
 * @param[in] sterm Serialized term to store.
 */
LSUP_rc
LSUP_mdbstore_add_term (LSUP_MDBStore *store, const LSUP_Buffer *sterm);


/** @brief Whether a term key exists.
 *
 * @param[in] store MDB store to search in.
 *
 * @param[in] key Key to look up.
 *
 * @raturn 1 if the term exists, 0 if it does not exist; <0 on error.
 */
int
LSUP_mdbstore_tkey_exists (LSUP_MDBStore *store, LSUP_Key tkey);


#endif